Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى الْخَطِيبِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ وَبِشْرِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَ لا أَسُرُّكَ يَا ابْنَ مُثَنًّى قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى وَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ دَخَلَ هَذَا الْفَاسِقُ آنِفاً فَجَلَسَ قُبَالَةَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْمُحْرِمِ أَ يَسْتَظِلُّ عَلَى الْمَحْمِلِ فَقَالَ لَهُ لا قَالَ فَيَسْتَظِلُّ فِي الْخِبَاءِ فَقَالَ لَهُ نَعَمْ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلَ شِبْهَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِ يَضْحَكُ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ فَمَا فَرْقُ بَيْنِ هَذَا وَهَذَا فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا يُوسُفَ إِنَّ الدِّينَ لَيْسَ بِقِيَاسٍ كَقِيَاسِكُمْ أَنْتُمْ تَلْعَبُونَ بِالدِّينِ إِنَّا صَنَعْنَا كَمَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَقُلْنَا كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) كَانَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَرْكَبُ رَاحِلَتَهُ فَلا يَسْتَظِلُّ عَلَيْهَا وَتُؤْذِيهِ الشَّمْسُ فَيَسْتُرُ جَسَدَهُ بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ وَرُبَّمَا سَتَرَ وَجْهَهُ بِيَدِهِ وَإِذَا نَزَلَ اسْتَظَلَّ بِالْخِبَاءِ وَفَيْ‏ءِ الْبَيْتِ وَفَيْ‏ءِ الْجِدَارِ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ja’far ibn al-Muthanna’ al-Khatib from Muhammad ibn al- Fudayl and Bishr ibn ‘Isma‘il who has said the following: “Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il once said to me, ‘Would you like if I give you happy news, O ibn Muthanna?’ I replied, ‘Yes, please,’ and I stood up before him. He said, ‘This sinful person came to abu al-Hassan ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and he turned to him (the Imam) and asked, “O abu al-Hassan, can a man in the state of Ihram seek shadow in the carriage on the back of camels?” He (the Imam) said, “No, he cannot do so.” He then asked, “Can he seek shadow in the tent?” He (the Imam) said, “Yes, he can do so.” He repeated those words in a scolding manner, laughed and said, “O abu al-Hassan, what is the difference between this and that?” He (the Imam) then said, “O abu Yusuf, religion is not based on analogies like your analogies. You play with religion. We do only what the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, did and we say what the Messenger of Allah said. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, rode his stumper and did not prepare a shadow for himself. The sun rays hurt him and he covered only one part of his body with the other part, like covering his face with his hand, and when he disembarked he sought shadow in the tent, next to the House and walls.’” 

2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الظِّلالِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ فَقَالَ اضْحَ لِمَنْ أَحْرَمْتَ لَهُ قُلْتُ إِنِّي مَحْرُورٌ وَإِنَّ الْحَرَّ يَشْتَدُّ عَلَيَّ قَالَ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ تَغْرُبُ بِذُنُوبِ الْمُحْرِمِينَ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘ Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about shadow for a man in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Remain in the sun for the sake of the One by whose command you assume the state of Ihram.’ I then said, ‘My endurance in the sun is low and heat becomes unbearable to me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Did you not know that the sun sits along with the sins of the people in the state of Ihram?”’ 

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ عَنْ قَاسِمٍ الصَّيْقَلِ قَالَ مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَداً كَانَ أَشَدَّ تَشْدِيداً فِي الظِّلِّ مِنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِقَلْعِ الْقُبَّةِ وَالْحَاجِبَيْنِ إِذَا أَحْرَمَ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan from al-Qasim al-Sayqal who has said the following: “I did not see anyone more strict about shadow in the state of Ihram than abu Ja‘far (a.s.), who would command to remove the dome (tent) and its poles when he assumed the state of Ihram.’” 

4ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ يُضْرَبُ عَلَيْهَا الظِّلالُ وَهِيَ مُحْرِمَةٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَالرَّجُلُ يُضْرَبُ عَلَيْهِ الظِّلالُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا كَانَتْ بِهِ شَقِيقَةٌ وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِمُدٍّ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ibn abu Nasr from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a woman for whom a shadow is prepared while she is in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ I then asked the same about men. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, if he suffers from severe headache, but he must pay one mud (a certain measurement) of food as charity for every day.’” 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) هَلْ يَجُوزُ لِلْمُحْرِمِ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ تَحْتَ ظِلِّ الْمَحْمِلِ فَكَتَبَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنِ الظِّلالِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ مِنْ أَذَى مَطَرٍ أَوْ شَمْسٍ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَفْدِيَ شَاةً وَيَذْبَحَهَا بِمِنًى.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Isma‘il ibn Bazi’ who has said the following: “I wrote to al-Rida’ (a.s.), and asked if it is permissible to walk in the shadow of the carriage on camel back. He (the Imam) wrote back, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ Another man had asked about preparing a shadow for one in the state of Ihram because of rain or sun and I was listening, he (the Imam) commanded him to pay a ransom of one sheep to be slaughtered in Mina.” 

6ـ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَشْيَمَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الظِّلالِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ قَالَ لا يُظَلِّلْ إِلاَّ مِنْ عِلَّةِ مَرَضٍ.

6. Ahmad has narrated from Ali ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Ushaym from Musa ibn ‘Umar from Muhammad ibn Mansur who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man in the state of Ihram and shadows. He (the Imam) said, ’He must not seek shadows unless he is ill.’” 

7ـ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى الْكِلابِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الأَوَّلِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ شِهَابٍ يَشْكُو رَأْسَهُ وَالْبَرْدُ شَدِيدٌ وَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يُحْرِمَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ كَمَا زَعَمَ فَلْيُظَلِّلْ وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ فَاضْحَ لِمَنْ أَحْرَمْتَ لَهُ.

7. Ahmad has narrated from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa al-Kilabiy who has said the following: “I once said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), that Ali ibn Shihab has a headache, and cold is severe and he wants to assume the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘If that is the case he can use shadows, but you must stay out of the shadow for the sake of the One for whom you assume the state of Ihram.’” 

8ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) هَلْ يَسْتَتِرُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ لا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْخاً كَبِيراً أَوْ قَالَ ذَا عِلَّةٍ.

8. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al-Khaliq who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if a man in the state of Ihram can cover himself from the sun. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so, unless he is an old man or one with illness.’” 

9ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَبِي مَحْمُودٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) الْمُحْرِمُ يُظَلِّلُ عَلَى مَحْمِلِهِ وَيَفْتَدِي إِذَا كَانَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَالْمَطَرُ يُضِرَّانِ بِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ كَمِ الْفِدَاءُ قَالَ شَاةٌ.

9. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ibrahim ibn abu Mahmud who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram: if he can use shadow and pay ransom if the sun and rain are harmful for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ I asked, ‘How much is the ransom?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one sheep.’” 

10ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْكَاهِلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِالْقُبَّةِ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَهُمْ مُحْرِمُونَ.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-Kahiliy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not harmful for women and children to have a dome (umbrella) while they are in the state of Ihram.’” 

11ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنِ الْمُعَلَّى بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ لا يَسْتَتِرُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ بِثَوْبٍ وَلا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَسْتَتِرَ بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ.

11. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Yahya al-Halabiy from Mu ‘alia’ ibn Khunays who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man in the state of Ihram must not cover himself from the sun with a cloth; but it is not harmful to cover one part by the other part of his body.’” 

12ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) أَنَّ عَمَّتِي مَعِي وَهِيَ زَمِيلَتِي وَالْحَرُّ تَشْتَدُّ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا أَحْرَمَتْ فَتَرَى لِي أَنْ أُظَلِّلَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَيْهَا فَكَتَبَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) ظَلِّلْ عَلَيْهَا وَحْدَهَا.

12. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from baker ibn Salih who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that my aunt who is my travel-mate and the heat is severe for her while she is in the state of Ihram; if I can provide shadow for her and for myself. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘You can provide shadow just for her alone.’” 

13ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ أَ يَتَغَطَّى قَالَ أَمَّا مِنَ الْحَرِّ وَالْبَرْدِ فَلا.

13. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man in the state of Ihram if he can cover himself. He (the Imam) said, ‘As for from heat or cold, then no.’” 

14ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ ظَلَّلَ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ قَالَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ قَالَ وَإِنْ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَظَلَّلَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضاً دَمٌ لِعُمْرَتِهِ وَدَمٌ لِحَجَّتِهِ.

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from those whom he has mentioned from Ali ibn Rashid who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who seeks shadow in his al-‘Umrah. He (the Imam) said, ’Slaughtering (an animal) is necessary.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If he goes out to Makkah and uses shadow, it is necessary to slaughter an animal; one for al-‘Umrah and one for al- Hajj.’” 

15ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ كُنَّا فِي دِهْلِيزِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَالِدٍ بِمَكَّةَ وَكَانَ هُنَاكَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) وَأَبُو يُوسُفَ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو يُوسُفَ وَتَرَبَّعَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الْمُحْرِمُ يُظَلِّلُ قَالَ لا قَالَ فَيَسْتَظِلّ�� بِالْجِدَارِ وَالْمَحْمِلِ وَيَدْخُلُ الْبَيْتَ وَالْخِبَاءَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَضَحِكَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ شِبْهَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَا أَبَا يُوسُفَ إِنَّ الدِّينَ لَيْسَ بِالْقِيَاسِ كَقِيَاسِكَ وَقِيَاسِ أَصْحَابِكَ إِنَّ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَمَرَ فِي كِتَابِهِ بِالطَّلاقِ وَأَكَّدَ فِيهِ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ وَلَمْ يَرْضَ بِهِمَا إِلاَّ عَدْلَيْنِ وَأَمَرَ فِي كِتَابِهِ بِالتَّزْوِيجِ وَأَهْمَلَهُ بِلا شُهُودٍ فَأَتَيْتُمْ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ فِيمَا أَبْطَلَ الله وَأَبْطَلْتُمْ شَاهِدَيْنِ فِيمَا أَكَّدَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَأَجَزْتُمْ طَلاقَ الْمَجْنُونِ وَالسَّكْرَانِ حَجَّ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَأَحْرَمَ وَلَمْ يُظَلِّلْ وَدَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ وَالْخِبَاءَ وَاسْتَظَلَّ بِالْمَحْمِلِ وَالْجِدَارِ فَعَلْنَا كَمَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَسَكَتَ.

15. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn abu Najran from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl who has said the following: “Once we were in the hall of Yahya ibn Khalid in Makkah. Abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.) and abu Yusuf were there. Abu Yusuf stood up to move closer and then sat down square in front of him (the Imam), and said, ‘O abu al-Hassan, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, can a man in the state of Ihram seek shadow?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ He (abu Yusuf) asked, ‘Can he seek shadow of a wall, carriage, or enter the house or tent?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ He (abu Yusuf) laughed in a scolding manner. He (the Imam) then said, ‘O abu Yusuf, religion is not based on analogies like your analogies and the analogies of your companions. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded in His book to apply divorce and has insisted to have two witnesses bear testimony to the pronouncement of divorce and has not agreed unless they are just people. He has commanded to get married and has ignored the presence of witnesses but you require witnesses where Allah has made it (presence of witnesses) invalid and you have ignored the need for witnesses where Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, requires. You have also made divorce by an insane and drunk person permissible. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, performed al-Hajj, assumed the state of Ihram and did not prepare a shadow for himself. He (the Messenger of Allah) entered the house, the tent, used the shadow of the carriage and the wall; and we do as the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, did. He (abu Yusuf) remained quiet.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 90