2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘ Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan , about shadow for a man in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Remain in the sun for the sake of the One by whose command you assume the state of Ihram.’ I then said, ‘My endurance in the sun is low and heat becomes unbearable to me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Did you not know that the sun sits along with the sins of the people in the state of Ihram?”’

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan from al-Qasim al-Sayqal who has said the following: “I did not see anyone more strict about shadow in the state of Ihram than abu Ja‘far , who would command to remove the dome (tent) and its poles when he assumed the state of Ihram.’”

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ibn abu Nasr from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) , about the case of a woman for whom a shadow is prepared while she is in the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ I then asked the same about men. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, if he suffers from severe headache, but he must pay one mud (a certain measurement) of food as charity for every day.’”

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Isma‘il ibn Bazi’ who has said the following: “I wrote to al-Rida’ , and asked if it is permissible to walk in the shadow of the carriage on camel back. He (the Imam) wrote back, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ Another man had asked about preparing a shadow for one in the state of Ihram because of rain or sun and I was listening, he (the Imam) commanded him to pay a ransom of one sheep to be slaughtered in Mina.”

6. Ahmad has narrated from Ali ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Ushaym from Musa ibn ‘Umar from Muhammad ibn Mansur who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan , about the case of a man in the state of Ihram and shadows. He (the Imam) said, ’He must not seek shadows unless he is ill.’”

7. Ahmad has narrated from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa al-Kilabiy who has said the following: “I once said to abu al-Hassan , that Ali ibn Shihab has a headache, and cold is severe and he wants to assume the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘If that is the case he can use shadows, but you must stay out of the shadow for the sake of the One for whom you assume the state of Ihram.’”

8. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al-Khaliq who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah , if a man in the state of Ihram can cover himself from the sun. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so, unless he is an old man or one with illness.’”

9. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ibrahim ibn abu Mahmud who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan , about a man who is in the state of Ihram: if he can use shadow and pay ransom if the sun and rain are harmful for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ I asked, ‘How much is the ransom?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one sheep.’”

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-Kahiliy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah , has said, ‘It is not harmful for women and children to have a dome (umbrella) while they are in the state of Ihram.’”

11. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Yahya al-Halabiy from Mu ‘alia’ ibn Khunays who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah , has said, ‘A man in the state of Ihram must not cover himself from the sun with a cloth; but it is not harmful to cover one part by the other part of his body.’”

12. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from baker ibn Salih who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu Ja‘far , that my aunt who is my travel-mate and the heat is severe for her while she is in the state of Ihram; if I can provide shadow for her and for myself. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘You can provide shadow just for her alone.’”

13. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah , about the case of a man in the state of Ihram if he can cover himself. He (the Imam) said, ‘As for from heat or cold, then no.’”

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from those whom he has mentioned from Ali ibn Rashid who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) , about a man who seeks shadow in his al-‘Umrah. He (the Imam) said, ’Slaughtering (an animal) is necessary.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If he goes out to Makkah and uses shadow, it is necessary to slaughter an animal; one for al-‘Umrah and one for al- Hajj.’”

15. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn abu Najran from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl who has said the following: “Once we were in the hall of Yahya ibn Khalid in Makkah. Abu al-Hassan, Musa and abu Yusuf were there. Abu Yusuf stood up to move closer and then sat down square in front of him (the Imam), and said, ‘O abu al-Hassan, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, can a man in the state of Ihram seek shadow?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ He (abu Yusuf) asked, ‘Can he seek shadow of a wall, carriage, or enter the house or tent?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ He (abu Yusuf) laughed in a scolding manner. He (the Imam) then said, ‘O abu Yusuf, religion is not based on analogies like your analogies and the analogies of your companions. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded in His book to apply divorce and has insisted to have two witnesses bear testimony to the pronouncement of divorce and has not agreed unless they are just people. He has commanded to get married and has ignored the presence of witnesses but you require witnesses where Allah has made it (presence of witnesses) invalid and you have ignored the need for witnesses where Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, requires. You have also made divorce by an insane and drunk person permissible. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, performed al-Hajj, assumed the state of Ihram and did not prepare a shadow for himself. He (the Messenger of Allah) entered the house, the tent, used the shadow of the carriage and the wall; and we do as the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, did. He (abu Yusuf) remained quiet.’”