Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَعَثَ بِهَدْيٍ مَعَ قَوْمٍ وَوَاعَدَهُمْ يَوْمَ يُقَلِّدُونَ فِيهِ هَدْيَهُمْ وَيُحْرِمُونَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَحْرُمُ عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي وَاعَدَهُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ فَقُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَخْلَفُوا فِي مِيعَادِهِمْ وَأَبْطَئُوا فِي السَّيْرِ عَلَيْهِ جُنَاحٌ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي وَاعَدَهُمْ قَالَ لا وَيَحِلُّ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي وَاعَدَهُمْ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who sends an animal for offering with a people, sets the time when they mark their animals for offering and assuming the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘At such time all things unlawful for them become unlawful for him until the animal for offering reaches its destination.’ I then asked, ‘What will happen if they cannot reach in the appointed time which is set up?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must not become as one not in the state of Ihram on the appointed day which he has set up with them.’” 

2ـ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) أَنَّ عَلِيّاً (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) كَانَ يَبْعَثُ بِهَدْيِهِ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ عَمَّا يُمْسِكُ عَنْهُ الْمُحْرِمُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لا يُلَبِّي وَيُوَاعِدُهُمْ يَوْمَ يُنْحَرُ فِيهِ بَدَنَةٌ فَيَحِلُّ.

2. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn m h ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban from Salmah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), would send an animal for offering. He would then stay away from all things from which a person in the state of Ihram stays away, except that he would not say Talbiyah. He would set up a time in which they were to slaughter the badanah and thereafter he would become as one not in the state of Ihram.’” NOTE: (Fatwa best explains Hadith 1-2 of this Chapter) 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَبْعَثُ بِالْهَدْيِ تَطَوُّعاً لَيْسَ بِوَاجِبٍ قَالَ يُوَاعِدُ أَصْحَابَهُ يَوْماً فَيُقَلِّدُونَهُ فَإِذَا كَانَتْ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةُ اجْتَنَبَ عَمَّا يَجْتَنِبُ الْمُحْرِمُ إِلَى يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Am mar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who, optionally, not obligatory, sends an offering animal (to be offered as sacrifice) with other people. He (the Imam) said, ‘He sets up with his friends a day. They tag the offering animal. When that hour comes he stays away from things that are not lawful in the state of Ihram up to the tenth day of Dhu al-Hajjah. When it is the tenth day, his offering is considered sufficient.’” 

4ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ قَالَ إِنَّ مُرَاداً بَعَثَ بِبَدَنَةٍ وَأَمَرَ أَنْ تُقَلَّدَ وَتُشْعَرَ فِي يَوْمِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّمَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ لا يَلْبَسَ الثِّيَابَ فَبَعَثَنِي إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) بِالْحِيرَةِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ مُرَاداً صَنَعَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنَّهُ لا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الثِّيَابَ لِمَكَانِ زِيَادٍ فَقَالَ مُرْهُ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ الثِّيَابَ وَلْيَذْبَحْ بَقَرَةً يَوْمَ الأَضْحَى عَنْ نَفْسِهِ. 

4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Flarun ibn Kharijah who has said the following: “Murad once sent a badanah as offering and commanded to mark and tag it on such and such day. I then said that it is proper not to wear clothes. He then sent me to ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in al- Hirah, (a place in Iraq). I said to him (the Imam) that Murad has done such and such things and he is not able to ignore the clothes because of Ziyad. He (the Imam) said, ‘Instruct him to wear the clothes and slaughter a cow on the day of al-Adha’ for himself.’” NOTE:(Fatwa best explains Hadith 4) 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 211