Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains 111 for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي رَجُلٍ وَقَفَ مَعَ النَّاسِ بِجَمْعٍ ثُمَّ أَفَاضَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفِيضَ النَّاسُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ جَاهِلاً فَلا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَفَاضَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ شَاةٍ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma’ who has said the following: “This is about a man who stays with people in Jam‘ but leaves it before other people. Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, If he is ignorant, he is not obligated for anything in this matter. If he leaves before dawn he owes one sheep.”’ 

2ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ السَّمَّانِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَجَّلَ النِّسَاءَ لَيْلاً مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ إِلَى مِنًى وَأَمَرَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُنَّ عَلَيْهَا هَدْيٌ أَنْ تَرْمِيَ وَلا تَبْرَحَ حَتَّى تَذْبَحَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهَا مِنْهُنَّ هَدْيٌ أَنْ تَمْضِيَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى تَزُورَ.

2. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Sa‘id al-Samman who has said the following: “This is a narration of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. ‘He (the Messenger of Allah) sent the women during the night from al-Muzdalifah to Mina’ and instructed those of them who had animal offering, to throw pebbles and slaughter their offering and those who did not have any offering, to proceed to Makkah for Ziyarat (Tawaf around the House).”’ 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلاَم) قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُفِيضَ الرَّجُلُ بِلَيْلٍ إِذَا كَانَ خَائِفاً.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said ‘It is not harmful for a man who is afraid to leave during the night.’” 

4ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلاَم) قَالَ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ أَوْ رَجُلٍ خَائِفٍ أَفَاضَ مِنَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ لَيْلاً فَلا بَأْسَ فَلْيَرْمِ الْجَمْرَةَ ثُمَّ لْيَمْضِ وَلْيَأْمُرْ مَنْ يَذْبَحُ عَنْهُ وَتُقَصِّرُ الْمَرْأَةُ وَيَحْلِقُ الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ لْيَطُفْ بِالْبَيْتِ وَبِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ثُمَّ لْيَرْجِعْ إِلَى مِنًى فَإِنْ أَتَى مِنًى وَلَمْ يُذْبَحْ عَنْهُ فَلا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ هُوَ وَلْيَحْمِلِ الشَّعْرَ إِذَا حَلَقَ بِمَكَّةَ إِلَى مِنًى وَإِنْ شَاءَ قَصَّرَ إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ حَجَّ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah) (a.s.), has said, ‘Any man or woman who is afraid and leaves al-Mash‘ar al-Haram, during the night, it is not harmful. They can throw pebbles on Jamarat then move on to offer animal sacrifice, do Taqsir (cutting some hair or finger nails and so on) if a female, and shave if a man, perform Tawaf around the House and Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah, then return to Mina’. If he arrives in Mina’ and slaughtering is not done for him, then it is not harmful for him to himself do the slaughtering and carry the hairs, if shaving is done in Makkah, to Mina’, and he can do Taqsir (cutting some hair or finger nails and so on) if he has performed al-Hajj before.’” 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ أَنْ يُفِيضُوا بِلَيْلٍ وَيَرْمُوا الْجِمَارَ بِلَيْلٍ وَأَنْ يُصَلُّوا الْغَدَاةَ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ فَإِنْ خِفْنَ الْحَيْضَ مَضَيْنَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَوَكَّلْنَ مَنْ يُضَحِّي عَنْهُنَّ.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from abu al-Mughirah from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, permitted women and children to leave during the night to throw pebbles on Jamarat during the night and perform the morning Salat (prayer) in their lodgings. If women are afraid of Hayd (menses), the should proceed to Makkah and appoint someone to slaughter the offering on their behalf.” 

6ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله يَقُولُ لا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تُقَدَّمَ النِّسَاءُ إِذَا زَالَ اللَّيْلُ فَيَقِفْنَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ يُنْطَلَقُ بِهِنَّ إِلَى مِنًى فَيَرْمِينَ الْجَمْرَةَ ثُمَّ يَصْبِرْنَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ يُقَصِّرْنَ وَيَنْطَلِقْنَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَيَطُفْنَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُنَّ يُرِدْنَ أَنْ يُذْبَحَ عَنْهُنَّ فَإِنَّهُنَّ يُوَكِّلْنَ مَنْ يَذْبَحُ عَنْهُنَّ.

6. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘It is not harmful if women proceed to al- Mash‘ar al-Haram, when a good part of the night is gone. They can stay there for an hour, then move to Mina’, throw pebbles on Jamarat, wait for an hour; then do Taqsir (cutting some hair or finger nails and so on) and move to Makkah. If they want to slaughter animal offering they can appoint someone to do it on their behalf.”’ 

7ـ وَعَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الأَعْرَجِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَعَنَا نِسَاءٌ فَأُفِيضُ بِهِنَّ بِلَيْلٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَصْنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ أَفِضْ بِهِنَّ بِلَيْلٍ وَلا تُفِضْ بِهِنَّ حَتَّى تَقِفَ بِهِنَّ بِجَمْعٍ ثُمَّ أَفِضْ بِهِنَّ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ بِهِنَّ الْجَمْرَةَ الْعُظْمَى فَيَرْمِينَ الْجَمْرَةَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِنَّ ذَبْحٌ فَلْيَأْخُذْنَ مِنْ شُعُورِهِنَّ وَيُقَصِّرْنَ مِنْ أَظْفَارِهِنَّ وَيَمْضِينَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي وُجُوهِهِنَّ وَيَطُفْنَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَيَسْعَيْنَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعْنَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ وَيَطُفْنَ أُسْبُوعاً ثُمَّ يَرْجِعْنَ إِلَى مِنًى وَقَدْ فَرَغْنَ مِنْ حَجِّهِنَّ وَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَرْسَلَ مَعَهُنَّ أُسَامَةَ.

7. It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Sa‘id al-A’raj who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ’I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, there are women with us: if we can leave with them during the night. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, do you want to do just as the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, had done?’ I replied, ‘Yes, that is what we want to do.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You can leave with them during the night. You must stay along with them in Jam‘, then leave to al-Jamarah al-‘Uzma’ to throw pebbles. If they do not have to slaughter any offering, they must do Taqsir (cutting some hair or finger nails and so on), then proceed to Makkah forward to perform Tawaf around the House and Sa‘y between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah. They then must return back to the House to perform seven times Tawaf, then return to Mina’ and their al-Hajj is complete.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, sent ‘Usamah with them (the women).”’ 

8ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالضُّعَفَاءِ أَنْ يُفِيضُوا مِنْ جَمْعٍ بِلَيْلٍ وَأَنْ يَرْمُوا الْجَمْرَةَ بِلَيْلٍ فَإِنْ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَزُورُوا الْبَيْتَ وَكَّلُوا مَنْ يَذْبَحُ عَنْهُنَّ. 

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy and others from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, permitted women and the weak ones to leave from Jam‘ during the night. They were allowed to throw pebbles during the night and visit the House, if they wanted to do so, and they were allowed to appoint someone to slaughter offering on their behalf.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 170