Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) الرَّجُلُ الأَعْجَمِيُّ وَالْمَرْأَةُ الضَّعِيفَةُ يَكُونَانِ مَعَ الْجَمَّالِ الأَعْرَابِيِّ فَإِذَا أَفَاضَ بِهِمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ مَرَّ بِهِمْ كَمَا مَرَّ بِهِمْ إِلَى مِنًى وَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ بِهِمْ جَمْعاً فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ صَلَّوْا بِهَا فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَهُمْ قُلْتُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا بِهَا قَالَ ذَكَرُوا الله فِيهَا فَإِنْ كَانُوا ذَكَرُوا الله فِيهَا فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَهُمْ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from Muhammad ibn al-Hakim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is a non- Arab with a weak woman and an Arab camel man who takes them to leave ’Arafat and pass along with them through al-Jam‘ (place of assembly al-Muzdalifah) to Mina’, without allowing them to disembark in al-Jam‘. He (the Imam) said, ’Had they been able to perform one Salat (prayer) in it (al-Jam‘) it would have been sufficient for them.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they cannot perform one Salat (prayer) there ? 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘They can speak of Allah; if they say Dhikr of Allah (speak of Allah), it is sufficient for them. ‘“

2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ صَاحِبَيَّ هَذَيْنِ جَهِلا أَنْ يَقِفَا بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ فَقَالَ يَرْجِعَانِ مَكَانَهُمَا فَيَقِفَانِ بِالْمَشْعَرِ سَاعَةً قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُخْبِرْهُمَا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى كَانَ الْيَوْمُ وَقَدْ نَفَرَ النَّاسُ قَالَ فَنَكَسَ رَأْسَهُ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ لَيْسَا قَدْ صَلَّيَا الْغَدَاةَ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ قُلْتُ بَلَى فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَا قَدْ قَنَتَا فِي صَلاتِهِمَا قُلْتُ بَلَى فَقَالَ تَمَّ حَجُّهُمَا ثُمَّ قَالَ الْمَشْعَرُ مِنَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ وَالْمُزْدَلِفَةُ مِنَ الْمَشْعَرِ وَإِنَّمَا يَكْفِيهِمَا الْيَسِيرُ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, these two of my friends due to ignorance have not stayed in al-Muzdalifah. He (the Imam) said, ‘They must go back to stay in al-Mash‘ar for an hour . 5 I then said that no one told them about it until today and people have already left. He (the Imam) then looked down for a while and said, ‘Did they perform the morning Salat (prayer) in al-Muzdalifah . 5 I said, ‘Yes, they did . 5 He (the Imam) asked, ‘Did they say Qunut (supplication after recitation in second Rak’at) in their Salat (prayer )? 5 I replied, ‘Yes, they did . 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘Their Hajj then is complete . 5 He (the Imam) then said, ‘Al- Mash’ar is of al-Muzdalifah and al-Muzdalifah is from al-Mash‘ar; only a little prayer is sufficient for them . ‘“ 

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ أَفَاضَ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَأَتَى مِنًى قَالَ فَلْيَرْجِعْ فَيَأْتِي جَمْعاً فَيَقِفُ بِهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ النَّاسُ قَدْ أَفَاضُوا مِنْ جَمْعٍ.

3. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who leaves ‘Arafat and comes to Mina 5 . He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go back to al-Jam‘ (place of assembly) to stay there even if all people may have already left al-Jam‘ (place of assembly ). ‘“ 

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) رَجُلٌ أَفَاضَ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَمَرَّ بِالْمَشْعَرِ فَلَمْ يَقِفْ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مِنًى وَرَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ قَالَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْمَشْعَرِ فَيَقِفُ بِهِ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيَرْمِي الْجَمْرَةَ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from Yunus ibn Ya’qub who has said the following: “Once, I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who leaves ‘Arafat and passes through al-Mash‘ar to Mina 5 without staying in al-Mash‘ar. In Mina’he throws pebbles on al-Jamarat and only when the sun rises high he comes to know. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go back to al-Mash‘ar, stay there for a while, then return to Mina 5 and throw pebbles . ‘“ 

5ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخَثْعَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ لَمْ يَقِفْ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ وَلَمْ يَبِتْ بِهَا حَتَّى أَتَى مِنًى فَقَالَ أَ لَمْ يَرَ النَّاسَ وَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ مِنًى حِينَ دَخَلَهَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ جَهِلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ يَرْجِعُ قُلْتُ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ فَاتَهُ فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Khath’amiy who has said the following: “About a man who had not stayed in al-Muzdalifah and did not pass the night there until he arrived in Mina’, he (the Imam) asked, ‘Did he not see the people and recognize Mina 5 when he arrived ? 5 I then asked, ‘What happens if he is ignorant about it ?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go back.’ I then said, ‘He has missed such chance .’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful .’”

6ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ مَنْ أَفَاضَ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ مَعَ النَّاسِ وَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ مَعَهُمْ بِجَمْعٍ وَمَضَى إِلَى مِنًى مُتَعَمِّداً أَوْ مُسْتَخِفّاً فَعَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ. 

6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Hariz who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one leaves ‘Arafat with people, does not wait with them in Jam‘ and passes to Mina 5 intentionally or due to considering it unimportant, he owes one badanah.”’ 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 169