Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن محمد، وسهل بن زياد، عن الحسن بن محبوب عن داود الرقي قال: كنت مع أبي عبدالله عليه السلام بمنى إذا جاء رجل فقال: إن قوما قدموا يوم النحر وقد فاتهم الحج فقال: نسأل الله العافية وأرى أن يهريق كل واحد منهم دم شاة ويحلون وعليهم الحج من قابل إن انصرفوا إلى بلادهم وإن أقاموا حتى تمضي أيام التشريق بمكة ثم يخرجوا إلى وقت أهل مكة وأحرموا منه و اعتمروا فليس عليهم الحج من قابل.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Dawud al-Riqqiy who has said the following: “Once I was with abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), in Mina 5 when a man came and asked about a people who arrived on the day of al-Nahr (slaughtering the offering) and they had missed their Hajj. He (the Imam) said, ‘We ask well-being from Allah and I say that every one of them must slaughter one sheep and come out of the state of Ihram. They owe Hajj in future if they go home. If they wait in Makkah until the days of Tashriq (11, 12 and 13 of Dhu al-Hajjah) are over, then go out to Miqat (place for assuming the state of Ihram) of the people of Makkah, assume the state of Ihram to perform al-‘Umrah, then they will not owe any Hajj in future. ‘“

علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، ومحمد بن إسماعيل، عن الفضل بن شاذان، عن صفوان بن يحيى، وابن أبى عمير، عن معاوية بن عمار، عن أبي عبدالله عليه السلام قال: من أدرك جمعا فقد أدرك الحج وقال: أيما قارن أو مفرد أو متمتع قدم وقد فاته الحج فليحل بعمرة وعليه الحج من قابل، قال: وقال في رجل أدرك الامام وهو بجمع فقال: إن ظن أنه يأتي عرفات فيقف بها قليلا ثم يدرك جمعا قبل طلوع الشمس فليأتها وإن ظن أنه لا يأتها حتى يفيضوا فلا يأتها وليقم بجمع فقد تم حجه.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya and Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Whoever attends Jam‘ has attended al-Hajj. 5 He (the Imam) has said, ‘Anyone performing al-Hajj as Qa’rin, Mufrid or as al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) who comes and misses al-Hajj, must come out of the state of Ihram of al-‘Umrah. He owes al-Hajj in future. 5 He (the Imam), about one who finds the Imam in Jam‘ has said that if he thinks that he can attend ‘Arafat, stay there for a little while and then can attend Jam‘ before sunrise, he must attend ‘Arafat. If he thinks that he cannot attend ‘Arafat before people leave, he must not attend ‘Arafat but stay in Jam‘ and his Hajj is complete. ‘“ 

علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن جميل بن دراج، عن أبي عبدالله عليه السلام قال: من أدرك المشعر الحرام يوم النحر من قبل زوال الشمس فقد أدرك الحج.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who attends al-Mash‘ar al-Haram on the day of al- Nahr (slaughtering the offering) before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) he has attended al-Hajj. ‘“ 

عدة من أصحابنا، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن ابن فضال، عن عبدالله ابن المغيرة، عن إسحاق بن عمار، عن أبي عبدالله عليه السلام قال: من أدرك المشعر الحرام وعليه خمسة من الناس قبل أن تزول الشمس فقد أدرك الحج.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Faddal from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that one who attends al-Mash‘ar al-Haram when there still are five people and it is before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) he has attended al-Hajj. ‘“ 

أحمد بن محمد، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن هشام بن الحكم، عن أبي عبدالله عليه السلام قال: من أدرك المشعر الحرام وعليه خمسة من الناس فقد فقد أدرك الحج.

5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn al-Hakam who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who attends al-Mash‘ar al-Haram (the sacred area) when five people are still there, he is considered, as having attended al-Hajj. ‘“ 

علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن بعض أصحابه، عن أبي عبدالله عليه السلام قال: قال: تدري لم جعل ثلاث هنا؟ قال: قلت: لا قال: فمن أدرك شيئا منها فقد أدرك الحج.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), asked, ‘Do you know why there are three? I replied, ‘No, I do not know. 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because if one attends one of them he has attended al-Hajj.’” (Fatwa best explains this Hadith) 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 171