Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَصَفْوَانَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ التَّرْوِيَةِ إِنْ شَاءَ الله فَاغْتَسِلْ وَالْبَسْ ثَوْبَيْكَ وَادْخُلِ الْمَسْجِدَ حَافِياً وَعَلَيْكَ السَّكِينَةَ وَالْوَقَارَ ثُمَّ صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) أَوْ فِي الْحِجْرِ ثُمَّ اقْعُدْ حَتَّى تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ فَصَلِّ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ ثُمَّ قُلْ فِي دُبُرِ صَلاتِكَ كَمَا قُلْتَ حِينَ أَحْرَمْتَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَأَحْرِمْ بِالْحَجِّ ثُمَّ امْضِ وَعَلَيْكَ السَّكِينَةَ وَالْوَقَارَ فَإِذَا انْتَهَيْتَ إِلَى الرَّفْضَاءِ دُونَ الرَّدْمِ فَلَبِّ فَإِذَا انْتَهَيْتَ إِلَى الرَّدْمِ وَأَشْرَفْتَ عَلَى الأَبْطَحِ فَارْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ مِنًى.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Safwan from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when it is the day of al-Tarwiyah, by the will of Allah, you should take a bath and dress up in your two pieces of cloth, enter the Sacred Masjid barefoot, with calmness and dignity. Thereafter perform two Rak’at Salat (prayer) near the station of Ibrahim or in al-Hijr, then wait until the sun declines toward the west, thereafter perform the obligatory Salat (prayer). After your Salat (prayer), you must say what you had said when assuming Ihram in Masjid of al-Shajarah. Thereafter assume Ihram for al-Hajj. You should move on with calmness and dignity. When you arrive at al-Rafda’ (name of a place) before al-Radm (name of a place), then say Talbiyah. When you arrive in al-Radm wherefrom you can see al-Abtah (name of a place), then raise your voice saying Talbiyah until you arrive in Mina.” 

2ـ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُحْرِمَ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ فَاصْنَعْ كَمَا صَنَعْتَ حِينَ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُحْرِمَ وَخُذْ مِنْ شَارِبِكَ وَمِنْ أَظْفَارِكَ وَاطْلِ عَانَتَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَكَ شَعْرٌ وَانْتِفْ إِبْطَيْكَ وَاغْتَسِلْ وَالْبَسْ ثَوْبَيْكَ ثُمَّ ائْتِ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ فَصَلِّ فِيهِ سِتَّ رَكَعَاتٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُحْرِمَ وَتَدْعُو الله وَتَسْأَلُهُ الْعَوْنَ وَتَقُولُ اللهمَّ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الْحَجَّ فَيَسِّرْهُ لِي وَحُلَّنِي حَيْثُ حَبَسْتَنِي لِقَدَرِكَ الَّذِي قَدَّرْتَ عَلَيَّ وَتَقُولُ أَحْرَمَ لَكَ شَعْرِي وَبَشَرِي وَلَحْمِي وَدَمِي مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالطِّيبِ وَالثِّيَابِ أُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَكَ وَالدَّارَ الآخِرَةَ وَحُلَّنِي حَيْثُ حَبَسْتَنِي لِقَدَرِكَ الَّذِي قَدَّرْتَ عَلَيَّ ثُمَّ تُلَبِّ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ كَمَا لَبَّيْتَ حِينَ أَحْرَمْتَ وَتَقُولُ لَبَّيْكَ بِحَجَّةٍ تَمَامُهَا وَبَلاغُهَا عَلَيْكَ وَإِنْ قَدَرْتَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي رَوَاحِكَ إِلَى مِنًى زَوَالُ الشَّمْسِ وَإِلاَّ فَمَتَى مَا تَيَسَّرَ لَكَ مِنْ يَوْمِ التَّرْوِيَةِ.

2. According to the narration from abu Basir abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said the following: “When you, on the day al-Tarwiyah, decide to assume the state of Ihram, you should do what you had done when assuming the state of Ihram. You should trim your mustache, your finger nails, apply paste to remove your pubic hairs if there are any and pluck out the hairs of your under-arms. Take Ghusl (bath) and wear the two pieces of your cloth for Ihram, then go to the Sacred Masjid, perform six Rak’at Salat (prayer) before assuming Ihram. Pray to Allah, ask Him for support and say, ‘O Allah, I have decided to perform al-Hajj, so make it easy for me and release me after that; You have withheld me by Your power/ Also say, ’For Your sake I have denied myself to allow my hair, skin, flesh, blood from approaching women, perfumes and dresses. I do it for Your sake and for the sake of the next life. Release me as You have withheld me by Your power.’ Thereafter say Talbiyah (here I am, O Lord, to obey Your command) from Masjid al-Haram (the Sacred Masjid), just as you had done when assuming the state of Ihram and say, ’Here I am, O Lord, to obey Your command during my performing the acts of al-Hajj and I leave its completion and acceptability to You.’ Your leaving for Mina’ if possible should take place at Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime); if this cannot happen then whenever possible you should leave, on the day of al-Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al- Hajjah) is fine.’” 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَتَى الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ وَقَدْ أَزْمَعَ بِالْحَجِّ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ قَالَ نَعَمْ مَا لَمْ يُحْرِمْ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who comes to Masjid al-Haram with the intention to commence al-Hajj, if he can perform Tawaf around the House. He (the Imam) said, ’Yes, as long as he has not assumed the state of Ihram.’” 

4ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) مِنْ أَيْنَ أُهِلُّ بِالْحَجِّ فَقَالَ إِنْ شِئْتَ مِنْ رَحْلِكَ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ مِنَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ.

4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from abu Ahmad ‘Amr ibn Hurayth al-Sayrafiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ’From where should I commence Talbiyah for al- Hajj?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You can do so from your lodging place, or from al-Ka‘bah or from anywhere you like on the way.’” 

5ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) مِنْ أَيِّ الْمَسْجِدِ أُحْرِمُ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَيِّ الْمَسْجِدِ شِئْتَ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from ibn Faddal from Yunus from Ya’qub who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), ’From which Masjid should I assume the state of Ihram on the day of al-Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al-Hajjah)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You can do so from whichever Masjid you like.’” 

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) مَتَى أُلَبِّي بِالْحَجِّ فَقَالَ إِذَا خَرَجْتَ إِلَى مِنًى ثُمَّ قَالَ إِذَا جَعَلْتَ شِعْبَ دُبٍّ عَلَى يَمِينِكَ وَالْعَقَبَةَ عَنْ يَسَارِكَ فَلَبِّ بِالْحَجِّ. 

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Sulayman ibn Muhammad from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘When must I say Talbiyah for al-Hajj?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When you leave for Mina’. Then he (the Imam) said, ‘When you reach the point where you find Shi‘b Dubb on your right and al-‘Aqabah on your left, then commence saying Talbiyah for al-Hajj.’” (Fatwa best explains this hadith and the following chapters). 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 157