Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِنْ قَتَلَ الْمُحْرِمُ حَمَامَةً فِي الْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ شَاةٌ وَثَمَنُ الْحَمَامَةِ دِرْهَمٌ أَوْ شِبْهُهُ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ أَوْ يُطْعِمُهُ حَمَامَ مَكَّةَ فَإِنْ قَتَلَهَا فِي الْحَرَمِ وَلَيْسَ بِمُحْرِمٍ فَعَلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهَا.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one in the state of Ihram kills a pigeon in al-Haram (the sacred area), he owes one sheep as expiation. The cost of a pigeon is one dirham or so, which must be given as charity or to feed thereby the pigeons of Makkah. If one kills it in al-Haram (the sacred area) and is not in the state of Ihram he owes its cost only.’” 

2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَكَلَ بَيْضَ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ دَمٌ وَعَلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهَا سُدُسُ أَوْ رُبُعُ الدِّرْهَمِ الْوَهْمُ مِنْ صَالِحٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الدِّمَاءَ لَزِمَتْهُ لأَكْلِهِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ وَإِنَّ الْجَزَاءَ لَزِمَهُ لأَخْذِهِ بَيْضَ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-ffusayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il from Salih ibn ’Uqbah from al- Harith ibn al-Mughirah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who while in the state of Ihram eats the egg of pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one animal offering for each egg as well as the cost of each egg which is about one-sixth or one-fourth of one dirham in a settlement.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘The animal offering is obligatory because of his eating them in the state of Ihram and the penalty of payment of the cost of eggs is because of his taking them in al- Haram (the sacred area).”’ 

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُحْرِمٍ مَرَّ وَهُوَ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَأَخَذَ عُنُقَ ظَبْيَةٍ فَاحْتَلَبَهَا وَشَرِبَ مِنْ لَبَنِهَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ وَجَزَاؤُهُ فِي الْحَرَمِ ثَمَنُ اللَّبَنِ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from al-Husayn from Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il from Salih ibn ’Uqbah from Yazid ibn ’Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram in al-Haram (the sacred area), takes hold of deer, draws its milk and drinks it. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one Dam (slaughtering of an animal as offering) and the penalty for doing it in al-Haram (the sacred area) is payment of its cost.’” 

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ وَابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِنْ أَصَبْتَ الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتَ حَرَامٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَالْفِدَاءُ مُضَاعَفٌ عَلَيْكَ وَإِنْ أَصَبْتَهُ وَأَنْتَ حَلالٌ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَقِيمَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَإِنْ أَصَبْتَهُ وَأَنْتَ حَرَامٌ فِي الْحِلِّ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ فِدَاءٌ وَاحِدٌ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan and Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu’awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you kill a prey while you are in the state of Ihram in al-Haram (the sacred area), ransom is double. If you kill a prey when you are not in the state of Ihram but it is in al-Haram (the sacred area), you owe only its cost. If you kill it while you are in the state of Ihram in non-al-Haram (the sacred area) you owe only one ransom.’” 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ الْجَزَاءُ مُضَاعَفاً فِيمَا دُونَ الْبَدَنَةِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْبَدَنَةَ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الْبَدَنَةَ فَلا تُضَاعَفُ لأَنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ مَا يَكُونُ قَالَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَمَنْ يُعَظِّمْ شَعائِرَ الله فَإِنَّها مِنْ تَقْوَى الْقُلُوبِ.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Penalty is double only within what is less than badanah. Once it reaches the level of badanah, it then does not double because it is the greatest (animal as offering) that can (possibily) be. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘Those who maintain greatness for the reminders of Allah is because of piousness of  the hearts.’” (22:33) 

6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مُحْرِمٌ قَتَلَ طَيْراً فِيمَا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ عَمْداً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ وَالْجَزَاءُ وَيُعَزَّرُ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَعَلَهُ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ عَمْداً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِدَاءُ وَالْجَزَاءُ وَيُضْرَبُ دُونَ الْحَدِّ وَيُقَامُ لِلنَّاسِ كَيْ يَنْكُلَ غَيْرُهُ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from abu Wallad al-Hannat from Humran ibn ‘A’yan who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.). ‘What is the law about a man, who intentionally kills a bird between al-Safa’ and al-Marwah, while in the state of Ihram?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes ransom, penalty and he must be reprimanded.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if one intentionally does it in al-Ka‘bah?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes ransom, penalty and reprimanding below hadd (a measure of legal physical punishment) in public sight to make it a lesson for the others.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 114