Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains 111 for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى جَمِيعاً عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ أَصَابَا صَيْداً وَهُمَا مُحْرِمَانِ الْجَزَاءُ بَيْنَهُمَا أَوْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا جَزَاءٌ فَقَالَ لا بَلْ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَجْزِيَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الصَّيْدَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِنَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ أَدْرِ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَ هَذَا فَلَمْ تَدْرُوا فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالاحْتِيَاطِ حَتَّى تَسْأَلُوا عَنْهُ فَتَعْلَمُوا. عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ مِثْلَهُ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and from Safwan ibn Yahya all from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of two men who kill one prey while they are in the state of Ihram; if they each pay one ransom or both pay only one ransom. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, each one must pay a penalty for the prey.’ I then said that certain persons of our people asked me about it and I did not know. He (the Imam) said, ‘If you face such a condition and you do not know the answer, you must maintain precaution until you ask about it and learn.’” NOTE:Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al- Hajjaj a similar Hadith. 

2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ قَوْمٌ عَلَى صَيْدٍ وَهُمْ مُحْرِمُونَ فِي صَيْدِهِ أَوْ أَكَلُوا مِنْهُ فَعَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ قِيمَتُهُ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a group of people together kill a prey while they are in the state of Ihram or eat from its flesh, each one must pay the cost of such prey.’” 

3ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَيْمَنَ عَنْ يُوسُفَ الطَّاطَرِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) صَيْدٌ أَكَلَهُ قَوْمٌ مُحْرِمُونَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَاةٌ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي ذَبَحَهُ إِلاَّ شَاةٌ.

3. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-Hakam ibn Ayman from Yusuf al-Tatariy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a people who in the state of Ihram eat from the flesh of an animal which is hunted. He (the Imam) said, ‘They owe one sheep and the one who has slaughtered does not owe more than a sheep.’” 

4ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ قَوْمٍ اشْتَرَوْا صَيْداً فَقَالَتْ رَفِيقَةٌ لَهُمْ اجْعَلُوا لِي فِيهِ بِدِرْهَمٍ فَجَعَلُوا لَهَا فَقَالَ عَلَى كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ فِدَاءٌ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a people who buy an animal which is hunted, and one of their female companions ask them to leave for her something thereof for a dirham. He (the Imam) said, ‘Every human being of them owes a ransom.’” 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ الْحَنَّاطِ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا سِتَّةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَوْقَدْنَا نَاراً عَظِيمَةً فِي بَعْضِ الْمَنَازِلِ أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَطْرَحَ عَلَيْهَا لَحْماً ذَكِيّاً وَكُنَّا مُحْرِمِينَ فَمَرَّ بِنَا طَائِرٌ صَافٌّ قَالَ حَمَامَةٌ أَوْ شِبْهُهَا فَأَحْرَقَتْ جَنَاحَهُ فَسَقَطَ فِي النَّارِ فَمَاتَ فَاغْتَمَمْنَا لِذَلِكَ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) بِمَكَّةَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ وَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِدَاءٌ وَاحِدٌ دَمُ شَاةٍ تَشْتَرِكُونَ فِيهِ جَمِيعاً لأَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَعَمُّدٍ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ تَعَمُّداً لِيَقَعَ فِيهَا الصَّيْدُ فَوَقَعَ أَلْزَمْتُ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ دَمَ شَاةٍ قَالَ أَبُو وَلاَّدٍ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنَّا قَبْلَ أَنْ نَدْخُلَ الْحَرَمَ.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from abu Wallad al-Hannat who has said the following: “In a group one year we went for Makkah and on the way, once we started a large fire to cook a certain amount of meat, while we were in the state of Ihram; and a bird like a pigeon flapping its wings, flew by and hit the fire. Its wings burnt and it died. We became depressed. I then went to see abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in Makkah, informed him about it and asked about the applicable rule. He (the Imam) said, ‘All of you owe only one sheep as partners because it was without your intentions. Had it been intentional on your part and a prey had fallen in it each one of you would have owed one sheep.’ Abu Wallad has said that it happened before we entered al-Haram (the sacred area).”’ 

6ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ شِهَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلاَم) فِي مُحْرِمَيْنِ أَصَابَا صَيْداً فَقَالَ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الْفِدَاءُ.

6. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Shihab from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of two people who in the state of Ihram hunt and kill an animal. He (the Imam) said, ‘Each one of them owes a ransom.’ 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 111