Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ الْمُحْرِمُ إِذَا أَصَابَ حَمَامَةً فَفِيهَا شَاةٌ وَإِنْ قَتَلَ فِرَاخَهُ فَفِيهِ حَمَلٌ وَإِنْ وَطِىَ الْبَيْضَ فَعَلَيْهِ دِرْهَمٌ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz ibn ‘ Abd Allah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one in the state of Ihram kills a pigeon, the ransom for it is one sheep, if he kill its chick its ransom is one lamb, and if he steps on its egg its ransom is one dirham.’” 

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ فِي الْحَمَامَةِ وَأَشْبَاهِهَا إِذَا قَتَلَهَا الْمُحْرِمُ شَاةٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِرَاخاً فَعَدْلُهَا مِنَ الْحُمْلانِ وَقَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ وَطِىَ بَيْضَ نَعَامَةٍ فَفَدَغَهَا وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَقَالَ قَضَى فِيهِ عَلِيٌّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) أَنْ يُرْسِلَ الْفَحْلَ عَلَى مِثْلِ عَدَدِ الْبَيْضِ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَمَا لَقِحَ وَسَلِمَ حَتَّى يُنْتَجَ كَانَ النِّتَاجُ هَدْياً بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ.

2. Muhammad b. Yahya has narrated from Ahmad b. Muhammad from Muhammad b. Isma‘il from al-Fadl b. Shadhan from Abul Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “Abu Abdillah (as), has said, ‘For killing pigeons and its like in the state of Ihram, the ransom is one sheep, and for chicks it is one lamb for each.’ He (the Imam) was asked about a man who steps on the eggs of ostrich and breaks it, the Imam said, ‘Ali (as), issued a judgment that said, “He must send male camel on a female camel (i.e. to breed) to make an equal number of eggs affected and the mature offspring is sent as an offering for the Ka'aba."


3ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِذَا قَتَلَ الْمُحْرِمُ قَطَاةً فَعَلَيْهِ حَمَلٌ قَدْ فُطِمَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ وَرَعَى مِنَ الشَّجَرِ.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Sahl ibn Ziyad all from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from al-Mufaddal ibn Salih who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one in the state of Ihram kills a sandgrouse, he owes one lamb which is weaned and grazes shrubs.’” 

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ وَطِىَ بَيْضَ قَطَاةٍ فَشَدَخَهُ قَالَ يُرْسِلُ الْفَحْلَ فِي عَدَدِ الْبَيْضِ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ كَمَا يُرْسِلُ الْفَحْلَ فِي عَدَدِ الْبَيْضِ مِنَ النَّعَامِ فِي الإِبِلِ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from Mansur ibn Hazim from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram steps on the egg of a sandgrouse and shatters it. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must send rams on ewes equal to the number of eggs affected, as in the case of the eggs of an ostrich in which male camel are sent on female camels.’” 

5ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ صَلَوَاتُ الله عَلَيْهِ فِي بَيْضِ الْقَطَاةِ بَكَارَةٌ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ إِذَا أَصَابَهُ الْمُحْرِمُ مِثْلُ مَا فِي بَيْضِ النَّعَامِ بَكَارَةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ.

5. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is in the book of Ali (a.s.), that the ransom for breaking the egg of a sandgrouse is one young ewe, just as for the egg of an ostrich the ransom is one young she camel.’” 

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ فَرْخاً وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَرَمِ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ حَمَلٌ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةٌ لأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي الْحَرَمِ.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram kills a chick in non-al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one lamb and he does not have to pay its cost because it is not in al-Haram (the sacred area).”’ 

7ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يَاسِينَ الضَّرِيرِ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ قِيمَةِ مَا فِي الْقُمْرِيِّ وَالدُّبْسِيِّ وَالسُّمَانَى وَالْعُصْفُورِ وَالْبُلْبُلِ فَقَالَ قِيمَتُهُ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ بِالْحَرَمِ فَقِيمَتَانِ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ دَمٌ.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yasin al-Darir from Hariz from those whom he has mentioned from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the cost of turtledove, al-Dubsiy, (a certain bird), quail, sparrow and nightingale. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes the cost. If he, however, has killed it in the state of Ihram in al-Haram (the sacred area), he owes double of the cost, but there is no offering of animal life.”’ 

8ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي الْقُبَّرَةِ وَالْعُصْفُورِ وَالصَّعْوَةِ يَقْتُلُهُمُ الْمُحْرِمُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ مُدٌّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ.

8. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram kills a lark, sparrow or al-Sa‘wah (small sparrow). He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one mud (a certain measurement) of food for each one of them.’” 

9ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) مَنْ أَصَابَ قَطَاةً أَوْ حَجَلَةً أَوْ دُرَّاجَةً أَوْ نَظِيرَهُنَّ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمٌ.

9. Muhammad ibn Ja’far has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Mansur ibn Hazim from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘It is in the book of Ali (a.s.), ‘If one in the state of Ihram kills a sandgrouse, partridge or francolin or a similar bird he owes an offering animal.” 

10ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) رَجُلٌ أَصَابَ طَيْرَيْنِ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ وَالآخَرُ مِنْ حَمَامِ غَيْرِ الْحَرَمِ قَالَ يَشْتَرِي بِقِيمَةِ الَّذِي مِنْ حَمَامِ الْحَرَمِ قَمْحاً فَيُطْعِمُهُ حَمَامَ الْحَرَمِ وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِجَزَاءِ الآخَرِ.

10. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has harmed two birds. One is of the pigeons of al-Haram (the sacred area) and the other is from non-al-Haram (the sacred area). He (the Imam) said, ‘He must buy an amount of wheat which is of equal value to the pigeon of al-Haram and feed it to the pigeons of al-Haram, and give charity as penalty for the other.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 110