Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَصَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ نَظَرَ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَمْنَى أَوْ أَمْذَى وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ لا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَكِنْ لِيَغْتَسِلْ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُ رَبَّهُ وَإِنْ حَمَلَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَهْوَةٍ فَأَمْنَى أَوْ أَمْذَى فَلا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ حَمَلَهَا أَوْ مَسَّهَا بِشَهْوَةٍ فَأَمْنَى أَوْ أَمْذَى فَعَلَيْهِ دَمٌ وَقَالَ فِي الْمُحْرِمِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ وَيُنْزِلُهَا بِشَهْوَةٍ حَتَّى يُنْزِلَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr and from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram, looks to his wife and discharges semen or madhiy (a certain fluid). He (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing on him but he must take Ghusl (bath) and ask forgiveness from his Lord; if he carries her without lust and discharges semen or madhiy also, there is nothing on him, and if he carries her or touches her with lust and discharges semen or madhiy, he owes one offering.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If one carries his wife down with lust until he discharges, he owes one badanah.’” 

2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يَضَعُ يَدَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَهْوَةٍ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ يُصْلِحُ عَلَيْهَا خِمَارَهَا وَيُصْلِحُ عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبَهَا وَمَحْمِلَهَا قُلْتُ أَ فَيَمَسُّهَا وَهِيَ مُحْرِمَةٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ الْمُحْرِمُ يَضَعُ يَدَهُ بِشَهْوَةٍ قَالَ يُهَرِيقُ دَمَ شَاةٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ قَبَّلَ قَالَ هَذَا أَشَدُّ يَنْحَرُ بَدَنَةً.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and places his hand on his wife without lust. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can secure her veil or her cloth or her carriage.’ I then asked, ‘Can he touch her while she is in the state of Ihram?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ I then asked, ‘Can he place his hand on her with lust while he is in the state of Ihram?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is offering of one sheep on him.’ I then asked about kissing. He (the Imam) said, ‘This is more severe. He must offer one badanah for it.’” 

3ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُنْزِلْ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهَا.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and kisses his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is one badanah on him and he must not eat from its meat even if he does not discharge any semen.’” 

4ـ سَهْلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ أَبِي سَيَّارٍ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَا أَبَا سَيَّارٍ إِنَّ حَالَ الْمُحْرِمِ ضَيِّقَةٌ فَمَنْ قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ شَهْوَةٍ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ شَاةٍ وَمَنْ قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ عَلَى شَهْوَةٍ فَأَمْنَى فَعَلَيْهِ جَزُورٌ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُ رَبَّهُ وَمَنْ مَسَّ امْرَأَتَهُ بِيَدِهِ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ عَلَى شَهْوَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ شَاةٍ وَمَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ نَظَرَ شَهْوَةٍ فَأَمْنَى فَعَلَيْهِ جَزُورٌ وَمَنْ مَسَّ امْرَأَتَهُ أَوْ لازَمَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ شَهْوَةٍ فَلا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

4. Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Misma’ abu Sayyar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to me, ‘O abu Sayyar the condition of one in the state of Ihram is restricted. If one kisses his wife without lust while in the state of Ihram, he owes one sheep; if one does so with lust and discharges semen, he owes a Jazur (slaughtering a camel) and must ask his Lord for forgiveness. If one touches his wife with his hand while he is in the state of Ihram with lust, he owes one sheep. If one looks at his wife with lust and ejaculates semen, he owes one Jazur. However, if one touches his wife or holds without lust there is not anything on him.’” 

5ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يَعْبَثُ بِأَهْلِهِ حَتَّى يُمْنِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ أَوْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَا ذَا عَلَيْهِمَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعاً الْكَفَّارَةُ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَى الَّذِي يُجَامِعُ.

5. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and plays with his wife until he discharges semen without intercourse; or if it is in the month of Ramadan what he will owe. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is kaffarah (expiation) on both of them just as for sexual intercourse.’” 

6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ صَبَّاحٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي مُحْرِمٍ عَبِثَ بِذَكَرِهِ فَأَمْنَى قَالَ أَرَى عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ مَا عَلَى مَنْ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ بَدَنَةً وَالْحَجَّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Amr ibn ‘Uthman al-Khazzaz from Sabah al-Hadhdha’ from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram, plays with his penis and discharges semen. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is like one who, while in the state of Ihram, performs sexual intercourse with his wife; he owes badanah and al-Hajj in future.’” 

7ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَظَرَ إِلَى سَاقِ امْرَأَةٍ فَأَمْنَى قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مُوسِراً فَعَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ فَبَقَرَةٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ فَقِيراً فَشَاةٌ أَمَا إِنِّي لَمْ أَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْمَاءِ وَلَكِنْ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ نَظَرَ إِلَى مَا لا يَحِلُّ لَهُ.

7. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram, looks at the leg of a woman and discharges semen. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he is affluent, he owes badanah; if he is not so much affluent, then it is a cow; if he is poor then it is a sheep. I do not place it on him because of semen but it is because of looking to what is not lawful for him.’” 

8ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ فِي مُحْرِمٍ نَظَرَ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ لأَنَّهُ نَظَرَ إِلَى غَيْرِ مَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَنْزَلَ فَلْيَتَّقِ الله وَلا يَعُدْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “About a man who in the state of Ihram, looks to those other than his wife and discharges semen, he (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘He owes an animal offering because of looking at what is not lawful for him. If there is no semen discharge, he must maintain piety before Allah, he must not repeat and there is not anything on him.’” 

9ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يُقَبِّلُ أُمَّهُ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ هَذِهِ قُبْلَةُ رَحْمَةٍ إِنَّمَا يُكْرَهُ قُبْلَةُ الشَّهْوَةِ.

9. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nahdiy from Muhammad ibn al-Walid from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from al-Husayn ibn Hammad who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram and his mother kisses him. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful; it is a kiss of blessing, only kissing with lust is despised.’” 

10ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ وُهَيْبِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَسْمَعُ كَلامَ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ خَلْفِ حَائِطٍ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَتَشَهَّى حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Wuhayb ibn Hafs from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in the state of Ihram, hears a woman speaking from behind the wall and because of lust he discharges semen. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing on him.’” 

11ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي مُحْرِمٍ اسْتَمَعَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ يُجَامِعُ أَهْلَهُ فَأَمْنَى قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram, hears a man performing sexual intercourse with his wife and he also discharges semen. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing on him.’” 

12ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي الْمُحْرِمِ تُنْعَتُ لَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْجَمِيلَةُ الْخِلْقَةِ فَيُمْنِي قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram, a beautiful woman describes her beauty and he discharges semen. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing on him.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 104