Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ الْمُحْرِمُ لا يَنْكِحُ وَلا يُنْكِحُ وَلا يَخْطُبُ وَلا يَشْهَدُ النِّكَاحَ وَإِنْ نَكَحَ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One in the state of Ihram cannot marry or be married, propose marriage or bear witness to marriage; and if one marries, it is invalid.”’ 

2ـ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ تَزَوَّجَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَأَبْطَلَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) نِكَاحَهُ.

2. Ahmad has narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya from Hariz from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man from Ansar got married in the state of Ihram, and the Messenger of Allah, considered his marriage invalid.’” 

3ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِنَّ الْمُحْرِمَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ لا يَتَعَاوَدَانِ أَبَداً.

3. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali from ibn Bukayr from Ibrahim ibn al-Hassan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if one in the state of Ihram gets married, and he is still in the state of Ihram, they are separated and they can never marry each other again.’” 

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ الْمُحْرِمُ لا يَتَزَوَّجُ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Safwan from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘A person in the state of Ihram cannot marry, if one does so one’s marriage is invalid.’” 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ لا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ الْحَلالِ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ مُحْرِماً وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لا يَحِلُّ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا الْمُحْرِمُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَا عَالِمَيْنِ فَإِنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَدَنَةً وَعَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُحْرِمَةً بَدَنَةً وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ مُحْرِمَةً فَلا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ قَدْ عَلِمَتْ أَنَّ الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَهَا مُحْرِمٌ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَلِمَتْ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْهُ فَعَلَيْهَا بَدَنَةٌ.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from Sama‘ah ibn Mehran who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not proper for one who is not in the state of Ihram to marry one who is in the state of Ihram, knowing that it is not lawful.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they marry and perform sexual relation in the state of Ihram? He (the Imam) said, ‘If they both know the rule, each one owes one badanah, and she owes it if she is in the state of Ihram, but if she is not in the state of Ihram, there is nothing on her, unless she knows that the man was in the state of Ihram. If she knows it and gets married, then she owes one badanah.’” 

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَقُولُ الْمُحْرِمُ يُطَلِّقُ وَلا يَتَزَوَّجُ.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from ‘Asem ibn Hamid from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘One, in the state of Ihram, can pronounce divorce but cannot get married.’” 

7ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يُطَلِّقُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad from has narrated from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram; if he can divorce. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can pronounce divorce.’” 

8ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يَشْتَرِي الْجَوَارِيَ وَيَبِيعُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

8. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Barqiy from Sa‘d ibn Sa‘d who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is in the state of Ihram; if he can buy and sell slave-girls. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 102