Al-Kāfi

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدَنِيِّ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) إِنَّ السَّمَاءَ تُطْبِقُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْعِرَاقِ الْيَوْمَ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ وَالثَّلاثَةَ فَأَيَّ يَوْمٍ نَصُومُ قَالَ انْظُرِ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي صُمْتَ مِنَ السَّنَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ وَصُمْ يَوْمَ الْخَامِسِ.

1. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from certain persons of our people from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa [ibn ‘Ubayd] from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Madaniy from ‘Imran Za‘faraniy who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), that in Iraq the sky remains cloudy for one, two or three days. Which day must we fast?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Think which day you fasted last year and fast on fifth day.”’

2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْخُدْرِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَشَايِخِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ صُمْ فِي الْعَامِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ يَوْمَ الْخَامِسِ مِنْ يَوْمِ صُمْتَ فِيهِ عَامَ أَوَّلَ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-‘ Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf from Safwan ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn ‘Uthman al-Khudriy from certain persons of his shaykh who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Fast on the fifth day of the coming year from the day you fasted the year before.’”

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ السَّيَّارِيِّ قَالَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ إِلَى الْعَسْكَرِيِّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَسْأَلُهُ عَمَّا رُوِيَ مِنَ الْحِسَابِ فِي الصَّوْمِ عَنْ آبَائِكَ فِي عَدِّ خَمْسَةِ أَيَّامٍ بَيْنَ أَوَّلِ السَّنَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ وَالسَّنَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ الَّتِي تَأْتِي فَكَتَبَ صَحِيحٌ وَلَكِنْ عُدَّ فِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ خَمْساً وَفِي السَّنَةِ الْخَامِسَةِ سِتّاً فِيمَا بَيْنَ الأُولَى وَالْحَادِثِ وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ خَمْسَةٌ خَمْسَةٌ قَالَ السَّيَّارِيُّ وَهَذِهِ مِنْ جِهَةِ الْكَبِيسَةِ قَالَ وَقَدْ حَسَبَهُ أَصْحَابُنَا فَوَجَدُوهُ صَحِيحاً قَالَ وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ وَثَلاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ هَذَا الْحِسَابُ لا يَتَهَيَّأُ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّمَا هَذَا لِمَنْ يَعْرِفُ السِّنِينَ وَمَنْ يَعْلَمُ مَتَى كَانَتِ السَّنَةُ الْكَبِيسَةُ ثُمَّ يَصِحُّ لَهُ هِلالُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ فَإِذَا صَحَّ الْهِلالُ لِلَيْلَتِهِ وَعَرَفَ السِّنِينَ صَحَّ لَهُ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ الله.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Sayyariy who has said the following: “Muhammad ibn al-Faraj once wrote to al-‘Askariy (a.s.), asking about what is narrated, for calculating to fast, from his ancestors about the five days of the last year and six days of the coming year. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘It is correct but count five days in every four years and in the sixth year six days in between the first and the new. In those other than this it is five and five.’ Al- Sayyariy has said that this is because of al-Kabisah (calculating system). He has said that our people have calculated it and they found it to be correct.’ He (the narrator) has said that Muhammad ibn al- Faraj wrote to him (the Imam) in the year two hundred thirty eight about this calculation. (The answer said), ‘This calculation is not easy for everyone to follow. This is for those who know the years and that when al-Kabisah year was. Then crescent of the month of Ramadan of the first night is correct for them. Once the crescent of the night is established, then it is correct for them by the will of Allah.’”

4ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الأَحْوَلِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) إِنَّا نَمْكُثُ فِي الشِّتَاءِ الْيَوْمَ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ لا تُرَى شَمْسٌ وَلا نَجْمٌ فَأَيَّ يَوْمٍ نَصُومُ قَالَ انْظُرِ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي صُمْتَ مِنَ السَّنَةِ الْمَاضِيَةِ وَعُدَّ خَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَصُمِ الْيَوْمَ الْخَامِسَ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Mansur ibn al-‘Abbas from Ibrahim al-Ahwal from ’Imran al- Za‘faraniy who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘In winter we cannot see the sun or stars for one or two days. When must we fast?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Think, on what day you fasted last year, then count five days and fast on the fifth day.’”