Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَشْيَمَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ أَيَّامٌ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ يَقْضِيهَا مُتَفَرِّقَةً قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِتَفْرِيقِ قَضَاءِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّمَا الصِّيَامُ الَّذِي لا يُفَرَّقُ كَفَّارَةُ الظِّهَارِ وَكَفَّارَةُ الدَّمِ وَكَفَّارَةُ الْيَمِينِ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Ashyam from Sulayman ibn Ja’far al- Ja’fariy who has said the following: “I asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.) about a man who owes several days of fast of the month of Ramadan. Can he make Qada’ (compensatory fast) in different times?“ He (the Imam) replied, “It is not harmful to fast Qada’ (compensatory fast) for the fast of the month of Ramadan in different times. The fast that cannot be kept in different times is the fast as expiation because of al-Dhihar (calling one’s wife’s back as one’s mother’s back), the fast as expiation because of blood (committing murder) and the fast as expiation because of disregarding an oath and swearing up on the names of Allah.’” 

2ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّنْ يَقْضِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ مُنْقَطِعاً قَالَ إِذَا حَفِظَ أَيَّامَهُ فَلا بَأْسَ.

2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah, who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who fasts Qada’ (compensatory fast) for the fast of the month of Ramadan in separate times. He (the Imam) said, It is not harmful if he keeps the number of days without missing.’” 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ شَيْئاً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي عُذْرٍ فَإِنْ قَضَاهُ مُتَتَابِعاً أَفْضَلُ وَإِنْ قَضَاهُ مُتَفَرِّقاً فَحَسَنٌ لا بَأْسَ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one has missed fasting of the month of Ramadan, for good reasons, it is better to make its Qada’ (compensatory fast) in continued order; but in different times is also valid and it is not harmful.’” 

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ شَيْ‏ءٌ مِنْ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَقْضِهِ فِي أَيِّ شَهْرٍ شَاءَ أَيَّاماً مُتَتَابِعَةً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَلْيَقْضِهِ كَيْفَ شَاءَ وَلْيُمَحِّصِ الأَيَّامَ فَإِنْ فَرَّقَ فَحَسَنٌ وَإِنْ تَابَعَ فَحَسَنٌ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this Hadith: ‘If one owes fasting of the month of Ramadan, he can make its Qada’ (compensatory fast) in any month that he likes but in a continued order. If he is not able to do so, he then is required to complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast) in a way he can complete. He must keep the number of days clear and without confusion. Fasting in different times is valid as well as in continued order.’” 

5ـ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ قَضَاءِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ أَ وَأَقْطَعُهُ قَالَ اقْضِهِ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَاقْطَعْهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ.

5. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about making Qada’ (compensatory fast) of fast of the month of Ramadan in the month of Dhul al-Hajjah and to discontinue it. He (the Imam) said, ‘You can make its Qada’ (compensatory fast) in Dhul al-Hajjah and discontinue if you like.’” 

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ هِلالٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي رَجُلٍ مَرِضَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا بَرَأَ أَرَادَ الْحَجَّ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّوْمِ قَالَ إِذَا رَجَعَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ. 

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who becomes ill in the month of Ramadan. When he becomes well he decides to perform Hajj. What is he required to do about Qada’ (compensatory fast) of the fast? He (the Imam) said, ‘When he comes back he must do its Qada’ (compensatory fast).’ 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 2, Chapter 41