Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى اِبْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ لِلْوَارِثِ فَقَالَ "تَجُوزُ " ثُمَّ تَلاَ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةَ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْراً اَلْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوٰالِدَيْنِ وَ اَلْأَقْرَبِينَ.

Ibn Bukayr narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about making a will in favor of an heir. Imam (a.s) replied: "It is permissible." Then Imam (a.s) recited the verse: "If he leaves wealth, the will is for the parents and the close relatives." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:180)

قَالَ مُصَنِّفُ هَذَا اَلْكِتَابِ رَحِمَهُ اَللَّهُ اَلْخَبَرُ اَلَّذِي رُوِيَ: "أَنَّهُ لاَ وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ".

The author of this book (may Allah (swt) have mercy on him) said that another narration states "There is no will for an heir".

لَيْسَ بِخِلَافِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَ مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ كَمَا لَا تَكُونُ لِغَيْرِ الْوَارِثِ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ.

This does not contradict the previous hadith. Its meaning is that an heir cannot receive a bequest exceeding one-third of the estate, just as a non-heir cannot be bequeathed more than one-third.

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْحَجَّالِ عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَ وُلْدِهِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ قَالَ "نَعَمْ وَ نِسَاءَهُ".

It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al-Hajjal from Thaʿlabah ibn Maymun from Muhammad ibn Qays, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a man who gives preference to some of his children over others. Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes, and he may also favor some of his wives (over other wives)."