Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اَلْوَصِيَّةُ بِالْخُمُسِ لِأَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَضِيَ لِنَفْسِهِ بِالْخُمُسِ " وَ قَالَ "اَلْخُمُسُ اِقْتِصَادٌ وَ اَلرُّبُعُ جَهْدٌ وَ اَلثُّلُثُ حَيْفٌ".

Al-Sakuni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), who said that the Commander of the Faithful (a.s) said: "Bequeathing one-fifth (khums) is recommended because Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has chosen one-fifth for Himself." Imam (a.s) also said: "One-fifth is moderation, one-fourth is exertion, and one-third is injustice."

رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ مَا لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ "ثُلُثُ مَالِهِ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَيْضاً".

Hammad ibn ʿIsa narrated from Shuayb ibn Yaʿqub from Abu Baṣir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who dies - how much of his wealth he can bequeath. Imam (a.s) said: "One-third of his wealth, and the same applies to a woman as well."

وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِخُمُسِ مَالِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ وَ لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالثُّلُثِ وَ مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ فَقَدْ بَالَغَ" وَ قَالَ "مَنْ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ فَقَدْ بَلَغَ اَلْمَدَى".

Aṣim ibn Humayd narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays from Abu Jafar mam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), who said: "The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) used to say: 'To bequeath one-fifth of my wealth is more beloved to me than to bequeath one-fourth, and to bequeath one-fourth is more beloved to me than to bequeath one-third. Whoever bequeaths one-third without leaving anything behind has gone to excess.'" Imam (a.s) also said: "Whoever bequeaths one-third of his wealth without leaving anything has reached the limit."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَقَدْ أَضَرَّ بِالْوَرَثَةِ وَ اَلْوَصِيَّةُ بِالْخُمُسِ وَ اَلرُّبُعِ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ بِالثُّلُثِ" وَ قَالَ "مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ".

In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Washsha' from Hammad ibn Uthman from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s), that he said: "Whoever bequeaths one-third has harmed the heirs. Bequeathing one-fifth or one-fourth is better than bequeathing one-third." Imam (a.s) also said: "Whoever bequeaths one-third without leaving anything behind has gone to excess."