Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "بَنَاتُ اَلاِبْنَةِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ اَلْبَنَاتِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ وَ لاَ وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ " قَالَ "وَ بَنَاتُ اَلاِبْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ اَلاِبْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ وَ لاَ وَارِثٌ غَيْرَهُنَّ ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Sa'd ibn Abi Khalaf, from Abu Al-Hasan (a.s), who said: The daughters of a daughter take the place of the deceased's daughters if the deceased has no daughters and no other heirs. Imam (a.s) further said: The daughters of a son take the place of the deceased's son if the deceased has no children and no other heirs.

فَإِذَا تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَ ابْنَةٍ وَ ابْنَةَ ابْنٍ فَلِابْنِ الِابْنَةِ الثُّلُثُ وَ لِابْنَةِ الِابْنِ الثُّلُثَانِ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ ذِي رَحِمٍ يَأْخُذُ نَصِيبَ الَّذِي يَجُرُّهُ.

Therefore, if a man leaves behind a son's daughter and a daughter's son, the daughter's son receives one-third of the inheritance, and the son's daughter receives two-thirds. This is because each relative inherits according to the share of the one through whom they are connected to the deceased.

وَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ اِبْنَةَ اِبْنَتِهِ وَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ اَلْمِيرَاثُ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي ذَلِكَ "اَلْمِيرَاثُ لِلْأَقْرَبِ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ".

Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan Al-Saffar (may Allah (swt) be pleased with him) wrote to Abu Muhammad Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (a.s) asking about a man who passed away, leaving behind his daughter's daughter and his full brother. Imam (a.s) replied: "The inheritance belongs to the closest relative, Allah (swt) willing."

وَ لَا يَرِثُ ابْنُ الِابْنِ وَ لَا ابْنَةُ الِابْنَةِ مَعَ وَلَدِ الصُّلْبِ وَ لَا يَرِثُ ابْنُ ابْنِ ابْنٍ مَعَ ابْنِ ابْنٍ وَ كُلُّ مَنْ قَرُبَ نَسَبُهُ فَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِمَّنْ بَعُدَ وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ وَلَدِ الْوَلَدِ وَ إِنْ سَفَلَ أَخٌ وَ لَا أُخْتٌ وَ لَا عَمٌّ وَ لَا عَمَّةٌ وَ لَا خَالٌ وَ لَا خَالَةٌ وَ لَا ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ لَا ابْنُ أُخْتٍ وَ لَا ابْنُ عَمٍّ وَ لَا ابْنُ خَالٍ وَ لَا ابْنُ عَمَّةٍ وَ لَا ابْنُ خَالَةٍ.

Additionally, the grandson (son of the son) and the granddaughter (daughter of the daughter) do not inherit alongside direct children. Likewise, a great-grandson does not inherit when a grandson is present. Whoever is closer in kinship has a greater right to inheritance than one who is more distant. No brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, or any more distant relative can inherit when descendants, no matter how far down the lineage, are present.