Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

إِذَا تَرَكَتِ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ كَامِلًا وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ وَ هُوَ السُّدُسُ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ وَرِثَهُ أَبَواهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ‌ فَجَعَلَ ۝ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ كَامِلًا إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا إِخْوَةٌ قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ مِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهَا الثُّلُثَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا لَمْ يَقُولُوا لَهَا السُّدُسُ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ إِنَّمَا قَالُوا لِلْأُمِّ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ وَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ هُوَ السُّدُسُ فَأَحَبُّوا أَنْ لَا يُخَالِفُوا لَفْظَ الْكِتَابِ فَأَثْبَتُوا لَفْظَ الْكِتَابِ وَ خَالَفُوا حُكْمَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ تَمْوِيهٌ وَ خِلَافٌ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ عَلَى كِتَابِهِ وَ كَذَلِكَ مِيرَاثُ الْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ الْأَبَوَيْنِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى قَدْ سَمَّى فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ فِي الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفَ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ لِلْأَبِ شَيْئاً إِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ وَرِثَهُ أَبَواهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ‌ وَ جَعَلَ لِلْأَبِ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَهَابِ السِّهَامِ وَ إِنَّمَا يَرِثُ الْأَبُ مَا يَبْقَى بَعْدَ ذَهَابِ السِّهَامِ‌.

If a woman passes away and leaves behind her husband and both parents, the inheritance is distributed as follows: the husband receives half of the estate, the mother receives one-third in full, and the remaining portion goes to the father, which amounts to one-sixth. This distribution aligns with the verse of Allah (swt) Almighty: "But if he has no child and his parents inherit from him, then for his mother is one-third" (Surah An-Nisa 4:11). Allah (swt) granted the mother a complete one-third share when there are no children or siblings. Al-Fadl explains that this is evident because even those who disagree with this ruling do not assign the mother one-sixth in this scenario. Instead, they claim the mother receives one-third of what remains after the husband's share, which effectively equals one-sixth. They sought to adhere to the wording of the Quran but deviated from its intended ruling, which is misleading and contrary to Allah's (swt) Book. Similarly, in the inheritance scenario where a woman dies leaving behind her husband and both parents, the husband receives one-fourth, the mother receives one-third, and the remainder goes to the father. Allah (swt) explicitly mentioned in the Quran the shares for the husband and wife but did not specify a portion for the father, indicating that the father inherits what remains after the specified shares are distributed. This ensures that the father's inheritance comes from what is left after the fixed shares have been allocated.

5616 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ : أَقْرَأَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ صَحِيفَةَ اَلْفَرَائِضِ اَلَّتِي هِيَ إِمْلاَءُ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ خَطُّ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِيَدِهِ فَقَرَأْتُ فِيهَا "اِمْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ اَلنِّصْفُ ثَلاَثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ اَلثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأَبِ اَلسُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ ".

Hadith.5616 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibn Udhaynah, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: "Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) read to me the 'Book of Inheritance', which was dictated by the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and written in the handwriting of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). I read in it: A woman passes away, leaving behind her husband and both parents. The inheritance is divided as follows: the husband receives half of the estate, which is three shares; the mother receives one-third, which is two shares; and the father receives one-sixth, which is one share.

5617 - وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ اَلْجُعْفِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ أَبَوَيْهِ قَالَ "لاِمْرَأَتِهِ اَلرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ اَلثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتِ اِمْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا وَ أُمَّهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ اَلنِّصْفُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُمِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَاهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ اَلنِّصْفُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ".

Hadith.5617 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr narrated from Jamil, from Isma'il Al-Ju'fi, from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who passed away and left behind his wife and both his parents. Imam (as) replied: "The wife receives one-fourth of the inheritance, the mother receives one-third, and whatever remains goes to the father. If a woman passes away leaving behind her husband and her mother, the husband receives half of the estate, and the remaining portion goes to the mother. If she leaves behind her husband and her father, the husband receives half of the estate, and the remaining portion goes to the father."