Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4773 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا طَلَّقَ اَلرَّجُلُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَهْرِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَ‍ "مَتٰاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ".. "عَلَى اَلْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَ عَلَى اَلْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ" وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا عِدَّةٌ تَتَزَوَّجُ مَنْ شَاءَتْ مِنْ سَاعَتِهَا ".

Hadith.4773 - Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl narrated from Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: "If a man divorces his wife before consummating the marriage, she is entitled to half of her dowry. However, if he had not specified a dowry for her, then 'provision must be made for her in a fair manner', 'according to the means of the wealthy and according to the means of the poor.' She does not have to observe any waiting period (iddah) and may marry whomever she wishes immediately."

4774 - وَ رَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمٰا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهٰا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَ سَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرٰاحاً جَمِيلاً ۝ قَالَ "مَتِّعُوهُنَّ أَيْ جَمِّلُوهُنَّ بِمَا قَدَرْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَرْجِعْنَ بِكَآبَةٍ وَ وَحْشَةٍ وَ هَمٍّ عَظِيمٍ وَ شَمَاتَةٍ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِنَّ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَرِيمٌ يَسْتَحْيِي وَ يُحِبُّ أَهْلَ اَلْحَيَاءِ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ أَشَدُّكُمْ إِكْرَاماً لِحَلاَئِلِهِمْ".

Hadith.4774 - Amr ibn Shimr narrated from Jabir, who reported from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "Then if you divorce them before you have touched them, there is no waiting period (iddah) for you to count against them. So provide for them and release them in a gracious manner." (Surah Al-Ahzab 33:49) Imam (as) said: "Provide for them," meaning adorn them with whatever you are able to from kindness, for they return with sorrow, loneliness, great grief, and become a subject of gloating for their enemies. Indeed, Allah (swt), the Almighty, is generous, feels shy, and loves those who possess modesty. The most honorable among you is the one who honors his wives the most.

4775 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْبَزَنْطِيِّ : "أَنَّ مُتْعَةَ اَلْمُطَلَّقَةِ فَرِيضَةٌ".

Hadith.4775 - In the narration of Al-Bazanti: "The mut'ah (compensatory gift) for a divorced woman is an obligation (faridah)."

4776 - وَ رُوِيَ: "أَنَّ اَلْغَنِيَّ يُمَتِّعُ بِدَارٍ أَوْ خَادِمٍ وَ اَلْوَسَطَ يُمَتِّعُ بِثَوْبٍ وَ اَلْفَقِيرَ بِدِرْهَمٍ أَوْ خَاتَمٍ".

Hadith.4776 - It is narrated: "The wealthy man should provide a house or a servant as a parting gift, the middle-income man should provide clothing, and the poor man should provide a silver coin or a ring."

4777 - وَ رُوِيَ: "أَنَّ أَدْنَاهُ اَلْخِمَارُ وَ شِبْهُهُ".

Hadith.4777 - It is narrated: "The minimum (parting gift) is a headscarf or something similar to it."

4778 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ وَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ وَ سَمَاعَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ وَ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَ قَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ مٰا فَرَضْتُمْ إِلاّٰ أَنْ يَعْفُونَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَا اَلَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ اَلنِّكٰاحِ ۝ قَالَ "هُوَ اَلْأَبُ أَوِ اَلْأَخُ أَوِ اَلرَّجُلُ يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ وَ اَلَّذِي يَجُوزُ أَمْرُهُ فِي مَالِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ فَيَبْتَاعُ لَهَا وَ يَتَّجِرُ فَإِذَا عَفَا فَقَدْ جَازَ".

Hadith.4778 - Al-Halabi, Abu Basir, and Sama'ah narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "And if you divorce them before you have touched them and you have already specified a dowry for them, then half of what you have specified must be paid, unless they forgo it or the one in whose hand is the marriage contract forgoes it" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:237). Imam (as) said: "It refers to the father, the brother, or the man who is entrusted with her affairs and whose authority over the woman's wealth is accepted, as he buys and trades for her. So, if he waives it, it becomes valid."

4779 - وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: "يَأْخُذُ بَعْضاً وَ يَدَعُ بَعْضاً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَدَعَ كُلَّهُ".

Hadith.4779 - And in another narration: "He may take a part and leave a part, but he does not have the right to forgo all of it."

4780 - وَ سَأَلَ عُبَيْدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ هَلَكَ زَوْجُهَا وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا قَالَ "لَهَا اَلْمِيرَاثُ وَ عَلَيْهَا اَلْعِدَّةُ كَامِلَةً وَ إِنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَهَا نِصْفُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَلاَ شَيْءَ لَهَا".

Hadith.4780 - Ubayd ibn Zurarah asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman whose husband passed away before consummating the marriage. Imam (as) replied: "She is entitled to inheritance and must observe the complete waiting period (iddah). If he had specified a dowry for her, she is entitled to half of it, and if he had not specified a dowry, she is entitled to nothing."

4781 - وَ سَأَلَ شِهَابٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِامْرَأَةٍ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَيْهَا فَوَهَبَتْهَا لَهُ وَ قَالَتْ أَنَا فِيكَ أَرْغَبُ فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ "يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهَا بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ".

Hadith.4781 - Shihab asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who married a woman with a dowry of one thousand dirhams. He paid her the dowry, and she gifted it back to him, saying, "I desire you more." However, he divorced her before consummating the marriage. Imam (as) replied: "He is entitled to reclaim five hundred dirhams from her."

4782 - وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "مُتْعَةُ اَلنِّسَاءِ وَاجِبَةٌ دُخِلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يُدْخَلْ بِهَا وَ تُمَتَّعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُطَلَّقَ".

Hadith.4782 - Ali ibn Ri'ab narrated from Zurara, who reported from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "The compensation (mut'ah) for women is obligatory, whether the marriage was consummated or not. This compensation should be granted before she is divorced."

4783 - : وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ لَمْ يَمَسَّهَا قَالَ "لاَ تَنْكِحُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ عِدَّةَ اَلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا".

Hadith.4783 - Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled concerning a woman whose husband passed away without consummating the marriage, saying: "She must not remarry until she completes a waiting period (iddah) of four months and ten days, which is the prescribed waiting period for a woman whose husband has passed away."

4784 - وَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّةٍ مِنْهُ وَ هِيَ مُحْتَاجَةٌ لاَ تَجِدُ مَنْ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهَا وَ هِيَ تَعْمَلُ لِلنَّاسِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ وَ تَعْمَلَ وَ تَبِيتَ عَنْ مَنْزِلِهَا لِلْعَمَلِ وَ اَلْحَاجَةِ فِي عِدَّتِهَا قَالَ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ".

Hadith.4784 - Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ali (as) regarding a woman whose husband had passed away while she was still in her waiting period (iddah) and who was in need, with no one to provide for her, and she worked for people. He asked whether it was permissible for her to leave her house, work, and even stay away from her home overnight for work and necessity during her waiting period. Imam (as) responded: "There is no harm in that, God willing."

4785 - وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارٌ اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ يَمُوتُ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا هَلْ يَحِلُّ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهَا فِي عِدَّتِهَا قَالَ "نَعَمْ تَخْتَضِبُ وَ تَدَّهِنُ وَ تَكْتَحِلُ وَ تَمْتَشِطُ وَ تَصْبَغُ وَ تَلْبَسُ اَلْمُصَبَّغَ وَ تَصْنَعُ مَا شَاءَتْ بِغَيْرِ زِينَةٍ لِزَوْجٍ".

Hadith.4785 - Ammar al-Sabati asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman whose husband has passed away. He inquired whether it is permissible for her to leave her house during her waiting period (iddah). The Imam (as) replied: "Yes, she may apply henna, use oils, apply kohl, comb her hair, dye it, wear colored clothing, and do whatever she wishes as long as it is not for adornment intended for a husband."

4786 - وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: "لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَحُجَّ اَلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا وَ تَنْتَقِلَ مِنْ مَنْزِلٍ إِلَى مَنْزِلٍ".

Hadith.4786 - In another narration, it was said: "There is no harm for a woman whose husband has passed away to perform Hajj during her waiting period (iddah) and to move from one house to another."