رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "طَلاَقُ اَلْحَامِلِ وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِذَا وَضَعَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ".
Zurarah narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s): "The divorce of a pregnant woman is a single divorce, and once she delivers what is in her womb, she is separated from him."
وَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَ أُولاتُ الْأَحْمالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَنْ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَ فَإِذَا طَلَّقَهَا الرَّجُلُ وَ وَضَعَتْ مِنْ يَوْمِهَا أَوْ مِنْ غَدٍ فَقَدِ انْقَضَى أَجَلُهَا وَ جَائِزٌ لَهَا أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يَدْخُلُ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ وَ الْحُبْلَى الْمُطَلَّقَةُ تَعْتَدُّ بِأَقْرَبِ الْأَجَلَيْنِ إِنْ مَضَتْ بِهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَضَعَ فَقَدِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا مِنْهُ وَ لَكِنَّهَا لَا تَتَزَوَّجُ حَتَّى تَضَعَ فَإِنْ وَضَعَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَقَدِ انْقَضَى أَجَلُهَا وَ الْحُبْلَى الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا تَعْتَدُّ بِأَبْعَدِ الْأَجَلَيْنِ إِنْ وَضَعَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ لَمْ تَنْقَضِ عِدَّتُهَا حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ إِنْ مَضَتْ لَهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَضَعَ لَمْ تَنْقَضِ عِدَّتُهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ.
Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, said: "And for those who are pregnant, their term is until they deliver their burden." (Surah At-Talaq 65:4) Therefore, if a man divorces his wife and she delivers on the same day or the next, her waiting period (iddah) has ended, and it is permissible for her to marry. However, her new husband cannot consummate the marriage until she becomes pure (completes her postpartum period). A pregnant woman who is divorced must observe the shorter of the two waiting periods. If three months pass before she delivers, her waiting period is over, but she cannot remarry until she gives birth. However, if she delivers before the completion of three months, her waiting period ends immediately. On the other hand, a pregnant woman whose husband has passed away must observe the longer of the two waiting periods. If she delivers before the completion of four months and ten days, her waiting period is not over until the full four months and ten days pass. Conversely, if four months and ten days pass before she delivers, her waiting period does not end until she gives birth.
وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: "اَلْحُبْلَى اَلْمُطَلَّقَةُ يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا وَ هِيَ أَحَقُّ بِوَلَدِهَا أَنْ تُرْضِعَهُ بِمَا تَقْبَلُهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ أُخْرَى يَقُولُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: لاٰ تُضَارَّ وٰالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهٰا وَ لاٰ مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ وَ عَلَى اَلْوٰارِثِ مِثْلُ ذٰلِكَ لاَ يُضَارَّ بِالصَّبِيِّ وَ لاَ يُضَارَّ بِأُمِّهِ فِي رَضَاعِهِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تَأْخُذَ فِي رَضَاعِهِ فَوْقَ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَلْفِصَالَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ "عَنْ تَرٰاضٍ مِنْهُمٰا" كَانَ حَسَناً وَ اَلْفِصَالُ هُوَ اَلْفِطَامُ ".
Ali ibn Abi Hamzah narrated from Abu Basir from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: I heard Imam (a.s) say, "A pregnant divorced woman is to be provided for until she delivers her child, and she has more right to nurse her child as long as she accepts compensation similar to what another woman would accept. Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'No mother should be harmed because of her child, nor should any father because of his child. And upon the heir is the same responsibility' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:233) There should be no harm caused to the child nor to the mother in matters of nursing. She is not entitled to take compensation for nursing beyond two complete years, but if they both agree to wean the child before that 'by mutual consent and consultation,' then it is acceptable. And 'weaning' means the cessation of breastfeeding."
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "فِي اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلْحُبْلَى اَلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهَا اَلَّذِي فِي بَطْنِهَا".
Muhammad ibn Al-Fudayl narrated from Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: "In the case of a pregnant woman whose husband has passed away, her expenses are to be provided from the wealth of the child she carries in her womb."
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "نَفَقَةُ اَلْحَامِلِ اَلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ اَلْمَالِ حَتَّى تَضَعَ ".
In the narration of Al-Sakuni, he said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "The expenses of a pregnant woman whose husband has passed away are to be provided from the entire wealth until she gives birth."
وَ الَّذِي نُفْتِي بِهِ رِوَايَةُ الْكِنَانِيِّ.
However, the ruling we issue is based on the narration of Al-Kinani.
وَ- رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَوَلَدَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَتَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَضَى أَنْ يُخَلِّيَ عَنْهَا ثُمَّ لَا يَخْطُبَهَا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ آخِرُ الْأَجَلَيْنِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ أَنْكَحُوهَا إِيَّاهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءُوا أَمْسَكُوهَا فَإِنْ أَمْسَكُوهَا رَدُّوا عَلَيْهِ مَالَهُ.
Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) who said: "The Commander of the Faithful (a.s) passed judgment regarding a woman whose husband had passed away while she was pregnant. She gave birth before the completion of four months and ten days, and then she married another man. Imam (a.s) ruled that she must be separated from him and that he should not propose to her again until the longer of the two waiting periods is completed. If the woman's guardians wish, they may marry her to him, and if they wish, they may prevent it. If they prevent it, they must return his wealth to him."
وَ- سَأَلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ- أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ الْحُبْلَى يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا فَتَضَعُ سِقْطاً قَدْ تَمَّ أَوْ لَمْ يَتِمَّ أَوْ وَضَعَتْهُ مُضْغَةً أَ تَنْقَضِي بِذَلِكَ عِدَّتُهَا فَقَالَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ وَضَعَتْهُ يَسْتَبِينُ أَنَّهُ حَمْلٌ تَمَّ أَوْ لَمْ يَتِمَّ فَقَدْ انْقَضَتْ بِهِ عِدَّتُهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُضْغَةً قَالَ وَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَادَّعَتْ حَبَلًا انْتَظَرَتْ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ وَلَدَتْ وَ إِلَّا اعْتَدَّتْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ.
Abdul Rahman ibn Al-Hajjaj asked Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s)) about a pregnant woman whom her husband divorces, and then she miscarries, whether the miscarriage was fully developed or not, or if she delivered a lump of flesh - does her waiting period end with that? Imam (a.s) replied: "Anything she delivers that is clearly recognized as a pregnancy, whether fully developed or not, her waiting period is completed with that, even if it is a lump of flesh." Imam (a.s) also said: "I heard him say that if a man divorces his wife and she claims to be pregnant, she should wait for nine months. If she gives birth, then so be it, but if not, she must observe a waiting period of three months, after which she is completely separated from him."
وَ- رَوَى سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ غِيَاثٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: أَدْنَى مَا تَحْمِلُ الْمَرْأَةُ لِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَ أَكْثَرُ مَا تَحْمِلُ لِسَنَتَيْنِ.
Salamah ibn Al-Khattab narrated from Isma'il ibn Ishaq, from Isma'il ibn Aban, from Ghiyath, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), from his grandfather, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) who said: "The minimum period a woman can carry a pregnancy is six months, and the maximum period she can carry is two years."
وَ- رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الصَّيْقَلِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى قَالَ يُطَلِّقُهَا قُلْتُ فَيُرَاجِعُهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ يُرَاجِعُهَا قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ بَدَا لَهُ بَعْدَ مَا رَاجَعَهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا قَالَ لَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ.
Ali ibn Al-Hakam narrated from Muhammad ibn Mansur Al-Sayqal, from his father, from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding a man who divorces his wife while she is pregnant. Imam (a.s) said: "He may divorce her." I asked: "Can he take her back?" Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes, he can take her back." I asked: "What if he decides to divorce her again after taking her back?" Imam (a.s) said: "No, not until she gives birth."
وَ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْحَامِلِ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا ثُمَّ يُرَاجِعُهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا ثُمَّ يُرَاجِعُهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَقَالَ قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ وَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a pregnant woman whom her husband divorces, then takes her back, then divorces her again, then takes her back, and then divorces her a third time. Imam (a.s) said: "She is now completely separated from him and is not permissible for him until she marries another husband."
