Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

الشِّقَاقُ قَدْ يَكُونُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ الرَّجُلِ جَمِيعاً وَ هُوَ مِمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ وَ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقاقَ بَيْنِهِما فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها ۝ فَيَخْتَارُ الرَّجُلُ رَجُلًا وَ تَخْتَارُ الْمَرْأَةُ رَجُلًا فَيَجْتَمِعَانِ عَلَى فُرْقَةٍ أَوْ عَلَى صُلْحٍ فَإِنْ أَرَادَا الْإِصْلَاحَ أَصْلَحَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسْتَأْمِرَا وَ إِنْ أَرَادَا أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُمَا أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا إِلَّا بَعْدَ أَنْ يَسْتَأْمِرَا الزَّوْجَ وَ الْمَرْأَةَ.

Disputes (shiqaq) can arise from both the husband and the wife. This is related to what Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has said: "And if you fear discord between them, appoint an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family." (Surah An-Nisa 4:35) The husband should choose a representative from his family, and the wife should choose a representative from hers. These two arbitrators will then meet to decide either on separation or reconciliation. If they intend reconciliation, they may proceed with it without seeking further permission. However, if they wish to separate the couple, they are not allowed to do so unless they seek the consent of both the husband and the wife.

4817 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهٰا ۝ قَالَ "لَيْسَ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْمِرَا اَلرَّجُلَ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَشْتَرِطَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا إِنْ شَاءَا جَمَعَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَا فَرَّقَا فَإِنْ جَمَعَا فَجَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ فَرَّقَا فَجَائِزٌ".

Hadith.4817 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked him about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Appoint an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family" (Surah An-Nisa 4:35). Imam (as) said: "The two arbitrators do not have the authority to separate the couple until they consult both the husband and the wife and set conditions upon them. If they both agree, they may choose to reconcile or separate. If they choose to reconcile, it is valid, and if they choose to separate, it is also valid."

4818 - وَ رَوَى اَلْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْجَوْهَرِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ يَكُونُ لَهَا زَوْجٌ قَدْ أُصِيبَ فِي عَقْلِهِ بَعْدَ مَا تَزَوَّجَهَا أَوْ عَرَضَ لَهُ جُنُونٌ فَقَالَ "لَهَا أَنْ تَنْزِعَ نَفْسَهَا مِنْهُ إِنْ شَاءَتْ ".

Hadith.4818 - Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad Al-Jawhari narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah who said: Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)) was asked about a woman whose husband lost his sanity after marrying her or developed insanity. Imam (as) said: "She has the right to separate herself from him if she wishes."

4819 - وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: "أَنَّهُ إِنْ بَلَغَ بِهِ اَلْجُنُونُ مَبْلَغاً لاَ يَعْرِفُ أَوْقَاتَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ عَرَفَ أَوْقَاتَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَلْتَصْبِرِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ مَعَهُ فَقَدْ بُلِيَتْ ".

Hadith.4819 - And in another narration: "If his insanity reaches the point where he no longer recognizes the times of prayer, they are to be separated. However, if he still recognizes the times of prayer, the woman should remain patient with him, for she has been tested."