Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "لاَ يَحِلُّ لاِمْرَأَةٍ حَاضَتْ أَنْ تَتَّخِذَ قُصَّةً وَ لاَ جُمَّةً".

Isma'il ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), from his forefathers (peace be upon them) that the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "It is not permissible for a woman who is menstruating to adopt a qussah (a specific type of cloth) or a jummah (a certain hairstyle or wig)."

وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "رَحِمَ اَللَّهُ اَلْمُسَرْوَلاَتِ".

Imam (a.s) said: "May Allah have mercy on the Musarwalat (those who wear trousers or are modestly covered)."

وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "إِذَا جَلَسَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ مَجْلِساً فَقَامَتْ عَنْهُ فَلاَ يَجْلِسُ فِي مَجْلِسِهَا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى يَبْرُدَ".

Imam (a.s) said: "When a woman leaves her seat, no one should sit in her place until it has cooled down."

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ اَلشَّهْوَةَ عَشَرَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ تِسْعَةً فِي اَلرِّجَالِ وَ وَاحِدَةً فِي اَلنِّسَاءِ".

Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) who said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, created desire in ten parts, nine parts in men and one part in women."

وَ ذَلِكَ لِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَ شِيعَتِهِمْ وَ فِي نِسَاءِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَ شِيعَتِهِمْ الشَّهْوَةُ عَشَرَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ فِي النِّسَاءِ تِسْعَةٌ وَ فِي الرِّجَالِ وَاحِدَةٌ.

This applies to the descendants of Banu Hashim and their followers. However, in the women of Banu Umayyah and their followers, desire is created in ten parts, nine parts in women and one part in men.

وَ رَوَى جَابِرٌ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "فِي اَلنِّسَاءِ لاَ تُشَاوِرُوهُنَّ فِي اَلنَّجْوَى وَ لاَ تُطِيعُوهُنَّ فِي ذِي قَرَابَةٍ إِنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا كَبِرَتْ ذَهَبَ خَيْرُ شَطْرَيْهَا وَ بَقِيَ شَرُّهُمَا ذَهَبَ جَمَالُهَا وَ اِحْتَدَّ لِسَانُهَا وَ عَقِمَ رَحِمُهَا وَ إِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ إِذَا كَبِرَ ذَهَبَ شَرُّ شَطْرَيْهِ وَ بَقِيَ خَيْرُهُمَا ثَبَتَ عَقْلُهُ وَ اِسْتَحْكَمَ رَأْيُهُ وَ قَلَّ جَهْلُهُ".

Jabir narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that he said: "Regarding women, do not consult them in confidential matters, and do not obey them in matters concerning relatives. When a woman grows old, the better half of her qualities departs, and the worse half remains, her beauty fades, her tongue becomes sharper, and her womb becomes barren. However, when a man grows old, the worse half of his qualities departs, and the better half remains, his intellect becomes more steadfast, his judgment more firm, and his ignorance decreases."

وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "كُلُّ اِمْرِئٍ تُدَبِّرُهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ فَهُوَ مَلْعُونٌ".

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "Any man who is ruled by a woman is cursed."

وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "فِي خِلاَفِهِنَّ اَلْبَرَكَةُ".

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "There is blessing in opposing them."

وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا أَرَادَ اَلْحَرْبَ دَعَا نِسَاءَهُ فَاسْتَشَارَهُنَّ ثُمَّ خَالَفَهُنَّ.

The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), whenever He (saws) intended to go to war, would consult his wives and then act contrary to their advice.

وَ نَهَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ يُرْكَبَ اَلسَّرْجُ بِفَرْجٍ.

He (a.s) forbade riding a saddle with a gap.

يَعْنِي الْمَرْأَةَ تَرْكَبُ بِسَرْجٍ.

Meaning a woman riding with a saddle.

وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "لاَ تَحْمِلُوا اَلْفُرُوجَ عَلَى اَلسُّرُوجِ فَتُهَيِّجُوهُنَّ لِلْفُجُورِ".

Commander of the Faithful (a.s) said: "Do not place women on saddles, for it may provoke them toward immorality."

وَ رَوَى اَلْفُضَيْلُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يَقُولُهُ اَلنَّاسُ إِنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ اَلنَّارِ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ اَلنِّسَاءُ قَالَ "وَ أَنَّى ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ يَتَزَوَّجُ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي اَلْآخِرَةِ أَلْفاً مِنْ نِسَاءِ اَلدُّنْيَا فِي قَصْرٍ مِنْ دُرَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ".

Al-Fudayl narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s). I said to Imam (a.s): "There is something people say, that most of the inhabitants of Hell on the Day of Judgment will be women." Imam (a.s) replied: "How can that be, when a man may marry a thousand women of this world in the Hereafter, all within a single palace made of one pearl?"

وَ رَوَى عَمَّارٌ اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ اَلْجَنَّةِ مِنَ اَلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ اَلنِّسَاءُ، عَلِمَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ضَعْفَهُنَّ فَرَحِمَهُنَّ".

Ammar Al-Sabati narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: "The majority of the inhabitants of Paradise will be the weak women. Allah (swt), the Almighty, knew their weakness and thus had mercy on them."

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "مَحَاشُّ نِسَاءِ أُمَّتِي عَلَى رِجَالِ أُمَّتِي حَرَامٌ".

The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The private parts of the women of my nation are forbidden to the men of my nation."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اَلْحَيَاءُ عَشَرَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ تِسْعَةٌ فِي اَلنِّسَاءِ وَ وَاحِدَةٌ فِي اَلرِّجَالِ فَإِذَا خُفِضَتْ ذَهَبَ جُزْءٌ مِنْ حَيَائِهَا وَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ ذَهَبَ جُزْءٌ فَإِذَا اُفْتُرِعَتْ ذَهَبَ جُزْءٌ وَ إِذَا وَلَدَتْ ذَهَبَ جُزْءٌ وَ بَقِيَ لَهَا خَمْسَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ فَإِذَا فَجَرَتْ ذَهَبَ حَيَاؤُهَا كُلُّهُ وَ إِنْ عَفَّتْ بَقِيَ لَهَا خَمْسَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Modesty consists of ten parts-nine of them are in women and one is in men. When a woman undergoes circumcision, one part of her modesty diminishes. When she marries, another part diminishes. When her virginity is taken, another part diminishes. When she gives birth, another part diminishes, leaving her with five parts of modesty. If she commits adultery, all her modesty is lost, but if she remains chaste, the five parts of modesty remain with her."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اَلْخَيْرَاتُ اَلْحِسَانُ مِنْ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ اَلدُّنْيَا وَ هُنَّ أَجْمَلُ مِنَ اَلْحُورِ اَلْعِينِ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ اَلرَّجُلُ إِلَى اِمْرَأَتِهِ وَ هِيَ عُرْيَانَةٌ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The virtuous and beautiful women of the people of this world are more beautiful than the houris of Paradise, and there is no harm if a man looks at his wife while she is unclothed."

وَ رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يَنْظُرُ اَلْمَمْلُوكُ إِلَى شَعْرِ مَوْلاَتِهِ قَالَ "نَعَمْ وَ إِلَى سَاقِهَا".

Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated that he said to Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s): "Can a servant look at the hair of his mistress?" The Imam replied: "Yes, and at her legs as well."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ اَلْخَصِيُّ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ يُنَاوِلُهُنَّ اَلْوَضُوءَ فَيَرَى شُعُورَهُنَّ قَالَ "لاَ".

It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ammar that he said: I asked Abu al-Hasan (a.s): "Can a eunuch belonging to a man enter upon his women and hand them water for ablution, thereby seeing their hair?" The Imam (a.s) replied: "No."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا بَايَعَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ اَلنِّسَاءَ وَ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ فَمَلَأَهُ ثُمَّ غَمَسَ يَدَهُ فِي اَلْإِنَاءِ ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهَا فَأَمَرَهُنَّ أَنْ يُدْخِلْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ فَيَغْمِسْنَ فِيهِ وَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَى اَلنِّسَاءِ وَ يَرْدُدْنَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمَ وَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَى اَلنِّسَاءِ وَ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ عَلَى اَلشَّابَّةِ مِنْهُنَّ وَ قَالَ "أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ يُعْجِبَنِي صَوْتُهَا فَيَدْخُلَ مِنَ اَلْإِثْمِ عَلَيَّ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّا أَطْلُبُ مِنَ اَلْأَجْرِ".

In a narration from Rabi' ibn Abdullah: When the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) took the pledge of allegiance from the women, he brought a vessel, filled it with water, and dipped his hand into it. Then he withdrew his hand and instructed the women to dip their hands into the vessel and immerse them. He (a.s) would greet women, and they would return the greeting. Commander of the Faithful (a.s) would also greet women but disliked greeting young women. Imam (a.s) said: "I fear that their voice might please me, and thereby I would fall into sin greater than the reward I seek."

قَالَ مُصَنِّفُ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ ذَلِكَ لِغَيْرِهِ وَ إِنْ عَبَّرَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ أَرَادَ بِذَلِكَ أَيْضاً التَّخَوُّفَ مِنْ أَنْ يَظُنَّ ظَانٌّ أَنَّهُ يُعْجِبُهُ صَوْتُهَا فَيَكْفُرَ وَ لِكَلَامِ الْأَئِمَّةِ ص مَخَارِجُ وَ وُجُوهٌ لَا يَعْقِلُهَا إِلَّا الْعَالِمُونَ.

The compiler of this book, may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, commented that the Imam (a.s) said this as an example for others, even though he expressed it in reference to himself. He (a.s) also intended to caution against the possibility that someone might falsely assume he could be attracted to their voices, leading to disbelief. The words of the Imams (peace be upon them) have meanings and interpretations that only the knowledgeable comprehend.

وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: هَلْ يُصَافِحُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ بِذِي مَحْرَمٍ قَالَ "لاَ إِلاَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ اَلثَّوْبِ".

Abu Basir asked Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Can a man shake hands with a woman who is not his mahram?" Imam (a.s) replied: "No, except from behind a cloth."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "لاَ بَأْسَ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَى شُعُورِ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ تِهَامَةَ وَ اَلْأَعْرَابِ وَ أَهْلِ اَلْبَوَادِي مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلذِّمَّةِ وَ اَلْعُلُوجِ لِأَنَّهُنَّ إِذَا نُهِينَ لاَ يَنْتَهِينَ " قَالَ "وَ اَلْمَجْنُونَةُ اَلْمَغْلُوبَةُ لاَ بَأْسَ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَى شَعْرِهَا وَ جَسَدِهَا مَا لَمْ يَتَعَمَّدْ ذَلِكَ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abbad ibn Suhayb who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (a.s) say: "There is no harm in looking at the hair of the women of Tihama, the Bedouins, the people of the desert from among the People of the Book (Ahl al-Dhimma), and non-Arab pagans (al-'uluj), because if they are forbidden, they do not comply." Imam (a.s) also said: "As for a madwoman who is overpowered by her condition, there is no harm in looking at her hair and body, as long as it is not done deliberately."

وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارٌ اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلنِّسَاءِ كَيْفَ يُسَلِّمْنَ إِذَا دَخَلْنَ عَلَى اَلْقَوْمِ قَالَ "اَلْمَرْأَةُ تَقُولُ عَلَيْكُمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ".

Ammar Al-Sabati asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about how women should greet when they enter upon a group of people. Imam (a.s) replied: "A woman should say, 'Peace be upon you (ʿAlaykum al-Salam),' and a man should say, 'Peace be upon you all (Al-Salam ʿAlaykum).'"

وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ يَتَزَوَّجُ اِمْرَأَةً وَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ فَقَالَ "إِذَا لَمْ يُرْفَعْ خَبَرُهُ إِلَى اَلْإِمَامِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِخَمْسَةِ أَصْوَاعٍ دَقِيقاً هَذَا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا".

Abu Basir narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding a man who marries a woman while she has a husband. Imam (a.s) said: "If the matter is not brought to the attention of the Imam, he must give five sa' (measures) of flour in charity. This is after he separates from her."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ: فِي اَلْمَرْأَةِ تَتَزَوَّجُ فِي عِدَّتِهَا قَالَ "يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةً وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُمَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ لِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ لِلْأَخِيرِ وَ إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ فِي أَقَلَّ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَهُوَ لِلْأَوَّلِ".

In the narration of Jameel ibn Darraj regarding a woman who marries during her waiting period (iddah). Imam (a.s) said: "They must be separated, and she must observe one waiting period from either of them. If she gives birth to a child after six months or more, the child belongs to the latter husband. However, if she gives birth to a child in less than six months, the child belongs to the former husband."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ اِمْرَأَةً فَقَالَتْ لَهُ أَنَا حُبْلَى أَوْ أَنَا أُخْتُكَ مِنَ اَلرَّضَاعَةِ أَوْ عَلَى غَيْرِ عِدَّةٍ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا وَ وَاقَعَهَا فَلاَ يُصَدِّقُهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَ لَمْ يُوَاقِعْهَا فَلْيَحْتَطْ وَ لْيَسْأَلْ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَرَفَهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hisham ibn Salim from Abu Basir who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a man who married a woman, and she told him, "I am pregnant," or "I am your sister through breastfeeding," or "I am still in my waiting period (iddah)." Imam (a.s) said: "If he has already been intimate with her and consummated the marriage, he should not believe her. But if he has not been intimate with her and has not consummated the marriage, then he should take precaution and inquire if he was not aware of her situation beforehand."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِأُمِّهِ كُلُّ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَتَزَوَّجُهَا فَهِيَ عَلَيَّ مِثْلُكِ حَرَامٌ قَالَ "لَيْسَ هَذَا بِشَيْءٍ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who said to his mother, "Any woman I marry is as forbidden to me as you are." Imam (a.s) replied: "This means nothing."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ اِمْرَأَةً فَلَمْ تَلْبَثْ بَعْدَ مَا أُهْدِيَتْ إِلَيْهِ إِلاَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى وَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَأَنْكَرَ وَلَدَهَا وَ زَعَمَتْ هِيَ أَنَّهَا حَبِلَتْ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ "لاَ يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ تَرَافَعَا إِلَى اَلسُّلْطَانِ تَلاَعَنَا وَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Jameelah from Aban ibn Taghlib who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who married a woman, and after being brought to him, she gave birth to a girl in only four months. He denied that the child was his, while she claimed that she had conceived from him. Imam (a.s) said: "Her claim is not accepted. If they take the matter to the ruler, they must both engage in mutual cursing (lian), and they will be separated, and she will never be permissible for him again."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ أَمَتَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا إِذَا مَاتَ اَلزَّوْجُ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ فَمَاتَ اَلزَّوْجُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا مَاتَ اَلزَّوْجُ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ اَلْحُرَّةِ اَلْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ لاَ مِيرَاثَ لَهَا مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهَا إِنَّمَا صَارَتْ حُرَّةً بَعْدَ مَوْتِ اَلزَّوْجِ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Muhammad ibn Hakim who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a man who married off his female slave to another man and then told her, "When your husband dies, you will be free." The husband then died. Imam (a.s) said: "When the husband dies, she becomes free and must observe the waiting period (iddah) of a free woman whose husband has passed away. However, she does not inherit from him because she only became free after the husband's death."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ أُخِذَ مَعَ اِمْرَأَةٍ فِي بَيْتٍ فَأَقَرَّتْ أَنَّهَا اِمْرَأَتُهُ وَ أَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ "رُبَّ رَجُلٍ لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَأَجَزْتُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ رُبَّ رَجُلٍ لَوْ أُتِيتُ بِهِ لَضَرَبْتُهُ".

It was narrated from Abu Basir who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): "A man was found with a woman in a house, and she admitted that she was his wife, and he admitted that he was her husband." Imam (a.s) said: "There may be a man whom, if he were brought to me, I would approve of that for him, and there may be a man whom, if he were brought to me, I would have him beaten."

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُزَوِّجُ مَمْلُوكَتَهُ عَبْدَهُ أَ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا كَانَتْ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ تَرَاهُ مُنْكَشِفاً أَوْ يَرَاهَا عَلَى تِلْكَ اَلْحَالِ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَ قَالَ "قَدْ مَنَعَنِي أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ أُزَوِّجَ بَعْضَ غِلْمَانِي أَمَتِي لِذَلِكَ".

Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj narrated: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who marries his male slave to his female slave. Should she continue to serve him as she used to, seeing him uncovered or him seeing her in that state? Imam (a.s) disliked that and said: "My father (a.s) prevented me from marrying one of my male servants to my female servant for this very reason."

وَ سَأَلَ اَلْعَلاَءُ بْنُ رَزِينٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ جُمْهُورِ اَلنَّاسِ فَقَالَ "هُمُ اَلْيَوْمَ أَهْلُ هُدْنَةٍ تُرَدُّ ضَالَّتُهُمْ وَ تُؤَدَّى أَمَانَتُهُمْ وَ تُحْقَنُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَ تَجُوزُ مُنَاكَحَتُهُمْ وَ مُوَارَثَتُهُمْ فِي هَذَا اَلْحَالِ".

Al-Alaa ibn Razin asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about the the general masses (Jumhur al-Nas). Imam (a.s) said: "They are today considered people of truce. Their lost property is to be returned to them, their trusts are to be fulfilled, their blood is to be protected, and marriage with them and inheritance from them is permissible in this state."

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "مِنْ سَعَادَةِ اَلرَّجُلِ أَنْ لاَ تَحِيضَ اِبْنَتُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ".

The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Part of a man's happiness is that his daughter does not experience menstruation in his house."

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اَلشَّجَاعَةُ فِي أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ وَ اَلْبَاهُ فِي أَهْلِ بَرْبَرَ وَ اَلسَّخَاءُ وَ اَلْحَسَدُ فِي اَلْعَرَبِ فَتَخَيَّرُوا لِنُطَفِكُمْ".

Ibn Abi Umair narrated from Yahya ibn Imran from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: "Bravery is found among the people of Khurasan, physical vigor among the people of Barbar, and generosity and envy among the Arabs. Therefore, choose carefully where you place your seed."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "مَا كَثُرَ شَعْرُ رَجُلٍ قَطُّ إِلاَّ قَلَّتْ شَهْوَتُهُ".

In the narration of Isma'il ibn Abi Ziyad from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), it is reported that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "No man has ever had an abundance of hair without his desire becoming less."

وَ رَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ بْنِ اَلْمُهْتَدِي قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ أَخِي مَاتَ وَ تَزَوَّجْتُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ فَجَاءَ عَمِّي وَ اِدَّعَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ تَزَوَّجَهَا سِرّاً فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَنْكَرَتْ أَشَدَّ اَلْإِنْكَارِ وَ قَالَتْ مَا كَانَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ شَيْءٌ قَطُّ فَقَالَ "يَلْزَمُكَ إِقْرَارُهَا وَ يَلْزَمُهُ إِنْكَارُهَا".

Ibrahim ibn Hashim narrated from Abdul Aziz ibn al-Muhtadi who said: I asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (a.s): "May I be sacrificed for you! My brother passed away, and I married his wife. Then my uncle came and claimed that he had secretly married her. I asked her about this, and she strongly denied it, saying, 'There was never anything between me and him at all.'" Imam (a.s) replied: "Her acknowledgment is binding upon you, and her denial is binding upon him."

وَ رَوَى صَالِحُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَنْكِحُ جَارِيَةَ اِمْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَسْأَلُهَا أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ فِي حِلٍّ فَتَأْبَى فَيَقُولُ إِذاً لَأُطَلِّقَنَّكِ وَ يَجْتَنِبُ فِرَاشَهَا فَتَجْعَلُهُ فِي حِلٍّ قَالَ "هَذَا غَاصِبٌ فَأَيْنَ هُوَ عَنِ اَللُّطْفِ".

Salih ibn Uqbah narrated from Sulayman ibn Salih from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who was asked about a man who engages in intercourse with his wife's bondwoman and then asks his wife to pardon him, but she refuses. He then says: "If you do not pardon me, I will divorce you," and he avoids her bed until she pardons him. Imam (a.s) said: "This man is an oppressor. Where is his kindness?"

وَ رَوَى أَبُو اَلْعَبَّاسِ وَ عُبَيْدٌ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ كَانَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ مَمْلُوكٌ فَوَرِثَتْهُ وَ أَعْتَقَتْهُ هَلْ يَكُونَانِ عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا قَالَ "لاَ وَ لَكِنْ يُجَدِّدَانِ نِكَاحاً آخَرَ".

Abu al-Abbas and Ubayd narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding a woman who had a slave husband, then inherited him and freed him. They asked if they would remain in their marriage. Imam (a.s) said: "No, but they must renew their marriage contract."

وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِقَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ اَلصِّيٰامِ اَلرَّفَثُ إِلىٰ نِسٰائِكُمْ وَ اَلرَّفَثُ اَلْمُجَامَعَةُ".

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "It is recommended for a man to approach his wife on the first night of the month of Ramadan because of the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: 'It has been made lawful for you to be intimate with your wives during the nights of fasting' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187), and al-rafath means sexual intercourse."

وَ رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "أَ تَدْرِي مِنْ أَيْنَ صَارَ مُهُورُ اَلنِّسَاءِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ" قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ "إِنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ كَانَتْ فِي اَلْحَبَشَةِ فَخَطَبَهَا اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَسَاقَ عَنْهُ اَلنَّجَاشِيُّ أَرْبَعَةَ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ هَؤُلاَءِ يَأْخُذُونَ بِهِ فَأَمَّا اَلْأَصْلُ فَاثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشٌّ".

Hariz narrated from Muhammad ibn Ishaq who said: Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) said: "Do you know why the dowries of women became four thousand dirhams?" I said: "No." Imam (a.s) said: "Indeed, Umm Habibah, the daughter of Abu Sufyan, was in Abyssinia when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) proposed to her. The Negus (the king of Abyssinia) gave four thousand dirhams on his behalf as her dowry. Since then, people have followed this practice. However, the original dowry was twelve uqiyyah and a nash."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ: أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَرَّ عَلَى بَهِيمَةٍ وَ فَحْلٍ يَسْفَدُهَا عَلَى ظَهْرِ اَلطَّرِيقِ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ بِوَجْهِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ لِمَ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ "إِنَّهُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَصْنَعُوا مَا يَصْنَعُونَ وَ هُوَ مِنَ اَلْمُنْكَرِ إِلاَّ أَنْ تُوَارُوهُ حَيْثُ لاَ يَرَاهُ رَجُلٌ وَ لاَ اِمْرَأَةٌ".

In the narration of Al-Sakooni, it is reported that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) passed by an animal and a stud mating in the middle of the road, and Imam (a.s) turned his face away. It was said to him: "Why did you do that, O Commander of the Faithful (a.s)?" Imam (a.s) replied: "It is not appropriate for you to do what they do (i.e., allow such things publicly). It is among the unacceptable acts unless you conceal it where no man or woman can see it."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى اِمْرَأَةٍ فَرَفَعَ بَصَرَهُ إِلَى اَلسَّمَاءِ أَوْ غَمَّضَ بَصَرَهُ لَمْ يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْهِ بَصَرُهُ حَتَّى يُزَوِّجَهُ اَللَّهُ مِنَ اَلْحُورِ اَلْعِينِ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Whoever looks at a woman and then raises his gaze to the sky or lowers his eyes, his sight will not return to him until Allah (swt) marries him to a heavenly maiden (Hoor al-Ayn)."

وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: "لَمْ يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْهِ طَرْفُهُ حَتَّى يُعْقِبَهُ اَللَّهُ إِيمَاناً يَجِدُ طَعْمَهُ".

And in another narration: "His gaze will not return to him until Allah (swt) grants him faith, the sweetness of which he will experience."

قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "أَوَّلُ اَلنَّظْرَةِ لَكَ وَ اَلثَّانِيَةُ عَلَيْكَ وَ لاَ لَكَ وَ اَلثَّالِثَةُ فِيهَا اَلْهَلاَكُ".

Imam (a.s) said: "The first glance is for you, the second is against you and not for you, and the third in it is destruction."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ اَلرَّجُلُ إِلَى شَعْرِ أُمِّهِ أَوْ أُخْتِهِ أَوِ اِبْنَتِهِ".

In the narration of Al-Sakooni from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father (a.s), he said: "There is no harm for a man to look at the hair of his mother, his sister, or his daughter."