Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4556 - رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً مُدْرِكَةً وَ لَمْ تَحِضْ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى مَضَى لَهَا سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ لَيْسَ بِهَا حَبَلٌ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ مِثْلُهَا تَحِيضُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ كِبَرٍ فَهَذَا عَيْبٌ تُرَدُّ مِنْهُ".

Hadith.4556 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Malik ibn Atiyyah, from Dawud ibn Farqad, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: I asked him about a man who purchased a mature bondwoman who had not menstruated while with him for six months, and there was no sign of pregnancy. Imam (as) said: "If it is customary for someone like her to menstruate, and her condition is not due to old age, then this is a defect for which she can be returned."

4557 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّيْقَلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُ وَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً ثُمَّ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَبْرِئَ رَحِمَهَا قَالَ "بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اَللَّهَ وَ لاَ يَعُودُ" قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ بَاعَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَمْ يَسْتَبْرِئْ رَحِمَهَا ثُمَّ بَاعَهَا اَلثَّانِي مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَمْ يَسْتَبْرِئْ رَحِمَهَا، فَاسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا عِنْدَ اَلثَّالِثِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اَلْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ اَلْحَجَرُ".

Hadith.4557 - Aban ibn Uthman narrated from Al-Hasan al-Sayqal, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: I heard him being asked about a man who purchased a bondwoman and had relations with her before observing an istibra' (waiting period) to ensure she was not pregnant. Imam (as) said: "What he did was wrong. He should seek forgiveness from Allah (swt) and not repeat it." Then it was said: "What if he sold her to another man, who also had relations with her without observing an istibra'? Then the second man sold her to a third man, who also had relations with her without observing an istibra', and it later became clear that she was pregnant while with the third man?" Abu Abdillah (as) said: "The child belongs to the [current] owner of the bed (al-firash), and for the adulterer (al-ahir), there is nothing but loss (al-hajar)."

4558 - وَ رَوَى وَهْبُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "مَنِ اِتَّخَذَ مِنَ اَلْإِمَاءِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَنْكِحُ أَوْ يُنْكِحُ فَالْإِثْمُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ بَغَيْنَ".

Hadith.4558 - Wahb ibn Wahb narrated from Jafar ibn Muhammad, from his father (as), who said: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Whoever acquires more bondwomen than he can marry or give in marriage, then the sin is upon him if they commit immorality."

4559 - وَ رَوَى هَارُونُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "يَحْرُمُ مِنَ اَلْإِمَاءِ عَشْرٌ لاَ تَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ اَلْأُمِّ وَ اَلاِبْنَةِ وَ لاَ بَيْنَ اَلْأُخْتَيْنِ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ مِنْ غَيْرِكَ حَتَّى تَضَعَ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ عَمَّتُكَ مِنَ اَلرَّضَاعَةِ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ خَالَتُكَ مِنَ اَلرَّضَاعَةِ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ أُخْتُكَ مِنَ اَلرَّضَاعَةِ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ اِبْنَةُ أَخِيكَ مِنَ اَلرَّضَاعَةِ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّةٍ وَ لاَ أَمَتَكَ وَ لَكَ فِيهَا شَرِيكٌ ".

Hadith.4559 - Harun ibn Muslim narrated from Masadah ibn Ziyad, who said: Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Ten categories of bondwomen are prohibited: You may not combine between a mother and her daughter. You may not combine between two sisters. You may not take your bondwoman if she is pregnant by another until she delivers. You may not take your bondwoman if she is your paternal aunt through breastfeeding. You may not take your bondwoman if she is your maternal aunt through breastfeeding. You may not take your bondwoman if she is your sister through breastfeeding. You may not take your bondwoman if she is the daughter of your brother through breastfeeding. You may not take your bondwoman if she has a husband. You may not take your bondwoman if she is in her waiting period (iddah). You may not take your bondwoman if you share ownership of her with another."

4560 - وَ رَوَى دَاوُدُ بْنُ اَلْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْعَبَّاسِ اَلْبَقْبَاقِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَتَزَوَّجُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْأَمَةَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِ أَهْلِهَا قَالَ "هُوَ زِنًى إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: ۝ فَانْكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ ۝ ".

Hadith.4560 - Dawud ibn al-Husayn narrated from Abu al-Abbas al-Baqbaq, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as): "Can a man marry a bondwoman without the knowledge of her owners?" Imam (as) said: "That is considered fornication. Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'Then marry them with the permission of their owners' (Surah An-Nisa, 4:25)."

4561 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَنَّ اَلْوَلَدَ لاَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مَالِ وَالِدِهِ شَيْئاً وَ يَأْخُذُ اَلْوَالِدُ مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ اِبْنِهِ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اَلاِبْنُ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا".

Hadith.4561 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: In the book of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), it is written: "A child cannot take anything from the wealth of his father, but a father may take whatever he wishes from the wealth of his child. Additionally, a father is permitted to have relations with the bondwoman of his son, provided that the son has not had relations with her."

4562 - وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: "لاَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ اِبْنَتِهِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهَا".

Hadith.4562 - And in another narration: "It is not permissible for a man to have relations with the bondwoman of his daughter except with her permission."

4563 - وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ اَلْحَجَّاجِ وَ حَفْصُ بْنُ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ اَلْجَارِيَةُ أَ فَتَحِلَّ لاِبْنِهِ قَالَ "مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ جِمَاعٌ أَوْ مُبَاشَرَةٌ كَالْجِمَاعِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ".

Hadith.4563 - Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj and Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who owns a bondwoman-does she become permissible for his son? Imam (as) said: "As long as there has been no intercourse or intimate contact similar to intercourse, then there is no harm."

4564 - وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "كَانَ لِأَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جَارِيَتَانِ تَقُومَانِ عَلَيْهِ فَوَهَبَ لِي إِحْدَاهُمَا".

Hadith.4564 - Imam (as) said: "My father (as) had two bondwomans who served him, and he gifted one of them to me."

4565 - : وَ سُئِلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ مَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنَ اَلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ "حُرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ أَرْبَعَ إِمَاءٍ".

Hadith.4565 - Imam (as) was asked about what is permissible for a male slave in terms of women. Imam (as) said: "Two free women or four bondwomen."

4566 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ وَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهَا فَبَاعَهَا فَأُعْتِقَتْ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَوَلَدَتْ اِبْنَةً هَلْ تَصْلُحُ اِبْنَتُهَا لِمَوْلاَهَا اَلْأَوَّلِ قَالَ "هِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ ".

Hadith.4566 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: I asked him about a man who had a bondwoman with whom he had relations. He then sold her, and she was later freed and married, giving birth to a daughter. Is her daughter permissible for her former master? Imam (as) said: "She is forbidden to him."

4567 - وَ قَالَ: فِي جَارِيَةٍ لِرَجُلٍ وَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهَا فَأَسْقَطَتْ سِقْطاً مِنْهُ بَعْدَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ "هِيَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ".

Hadith.4567 - Imam (as) said regarding a bondwoman who belonged to a man and with whom he had relations, and she miscarried his child after three months: "She is considered Umm Walad (the mother of his child)."

4568 - قَالَ: وَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ تَزَوَّجَتْ عَبْداً عَلَى أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ ثُمَّ عَلِمَتْ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُ مَمْلُوكٌ قَالَ "هِيَ أَمْلَكُ بِنَفْسِهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهَا أَقَرَّتْ بِهِ وَ أَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ لَمْ تُقِمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ اَلْعَبْدُ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا اَلصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اِسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَالنِّكَاحُ بَاطِلٌ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّتْ مَعَهُ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهَا أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ فَهُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِهَا".

Hadith.4568 - I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a free woman who married a man thinking he was free, but later discovered that he was a slave. Imam (as) said: "She has authority over herself. After learning the truth, if she wishes, she may stay with him and accept him, or if she wishes, she may leave him. If the slave had consummated the marriage with her, then she is entitled to the dowry for what was made lawful to him from her. However, if he had not consummated the marriage, then the marriage is invalid. But if she chooses to remain with him after learning that he is a slave, then he has the right to keep her as his wife."

4569 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَعْدَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ مَمْلُوكَةً لَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ حُرٍّ عَلَى أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَعَجَّلَ لَهُ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ عَنْهُ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ سَيِّدَهَا بَاعَهَا بَعْدُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ لِمَنْ تَكُونُ اَلْمِائَتَانِ اَلْمُؤَخَّرَتَانِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَوْفَاهَا بَقِيَّةَ اَلْمَهْرِ حَتَّى بَاعَهَا فَلاَ شَيْءَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ لِغَيْرِهِ وَ إِذَا بَاعَهَا اَلسَّيِّدُ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنَ اَلزَّوْجِ اَلْحُرِّ إِذَا كَانَ يَعْرِفُ هَذَا اَلْأَمْرَ".

Hadith.4569 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Sadan ibn Muslim, from Abu Basir, from one of the Imams (peace be upon them), regarding a man who married his bondwoman to a free man for a dowry of four hundred dirhams. He paid two hundred dirhams in advance and delayed the payment of the remaining two hundred dirhams. The husband then consummated the marriage with her. Later, her master sold her to another man. Who is responsible for the remaining two hundred dirhams? Imam (as) said: "If the husband did not pay the remainder of the dowry before she was sold, then neither he nor anyone else owes it. And when her master sold her, she became separated from the free husband, provided he was aware of this ruling."

4570 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ لِرَجُلٍ أَبَقَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَى أَرْضاً فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ مِنْ رَهْطِ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ وَ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ اِمْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ اَلْأَرْضِ فَأَوْلَدَهَا أَوْلاَداً وَ أَنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ فِي يَدِهِ مَالاً وَ ضَيْعَةً وَ وَلَدَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ بَعْدُ أَتَى تِلْكَ اَلْأَرْضَ فَأَخَذَ اَلْعَبْدَ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي يَدِهِ وَ أَذْعَنَ لَهُ اَلْعَبْدُ بِالرِّقِّ فَقَالَ "أَمَّا اَلْعَبْدُ فَعَبْدُهُ وَ أَمَّا اَلْمَالُ وَ اَلضَّيْعَةُ فَإِنَّهُ لِوَلَدِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ لاَ يَرِثُ عَبْدٌ حُرّاً" قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَرْأَةِ يَوْمَ مَاتَتْ وَلَدٌ وَ لاَ وَارِثٌ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ اَلْمَالُ وَ اَلضَّيْعَةُ اَلَّتِي تَرَكَتْهَا فِي يَدِ اَلْعَبْدِ فَقَالَ "يَكُونُ جَمِيعُ مَا تَرَكَتْ لِإِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ خَاصَّةً".

Hadith.4570 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Alaa, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a slave belonging to a man who fled and went to another land. There, he claimed to be a free man from a certain tribe and married a woman from that land, fathered children with her, and then she died, leaving behind wealth, property, and her children in his care. Later, his master came to that land, reclaimed the slave and all that was in his possession, and the slave admitted to being his property. Imam (as) said: "As for the slave, he belongs to his master. However, the wealth and property belong to the children of the deceased woman. A slave does not inherit from a free person." I said: "May I be your ransom! What if the woman had no children or heirs when she died? Who would the wealth and property belong to?" Imam (as) said: "All that she left behind would belong exclusively to the Imam of the Muslims."

4571 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَكَمٍ اَلْأَعْمَى وَ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ اَلسَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَذِنَ لِغُلاَمِهِ فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ أَبَقَ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ فَجَاءَتِ اِمْرَأَةُ اَلْعَبْدِ تَطْلُبُ نَفَقَتَهَا مِنْ مَوْلَى اَلْعَبْدِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ لَهَا عَلَى مَوْلَى اَلْعَبْدِ نَفَقَةٌ وَ قَدْ بَانَتْ عِصْمَتُهَا مِنْهُ لِأَنَّ إِبَاقَ اَلْعَبْدِ طَلاَقُ اِمْرَأَتِهِ وَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْمُرْتَدِّ عَنِ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ هُوَ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَوْلاَهُ أَ تَرْجِعُ اِمْرَأَتُهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ اِنْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ فَلاَ سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ فَهِيَ اِمْرَأَتُهُ عَلَى اَلنِّكَاحِ اَلْأَوَّلِ".

Hadith.4571 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hakam al-Ama and Hisham ibn Salim, from Ammar al-Sabati, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who permitted his slave to marry a free woman. The slave then fled from his master, and the wife of the slave came seeking maintenance from the master of the slave. Imam (as) said: "She has no right to maintenance from the master of the slave, and her marriage bond with the slave is severed, because the slave's escape is considered a divorce, and he is like one who has apostatized from Islam." I asked: "If the slave returns to his master, does his wife return to him?" Imam (as) said: "If her waiting period (iddah) has ended and she has married another husband, then he has no claim over her. However, if she has not married another, she remains his wife based on the original marriage contract."

4572 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ أَمْكَنَتْ مِنْ نَفْسِهَا عَبْداً لَهَا فَنَكَحَهَا "أَنْ تُضْرَبَ مِائَةً وَ يُضْرَبَ اَلْعَبْدُ خَمْسِينَ جَلْدَةً وَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ بِصُغْرٍ مِنْهَا" وَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا عَبْداً مُدْرِكاً بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ".

Hadith.4572 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled in the case of a woman who allowed her slave to have relations with her and married him: She is to be given one hundred lashes, and the slave is to be given fifty lashes. The slave is then to be sold in a manner that ensures he is distanced from her (bi-sughrin minha). It is forbidden for any Muslim to sell her a mature slave after that incident."

4573 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي عَبْدٍ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ زَوَّجَهُ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ اَلْآخَرُ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ عَلِمَ بِهِ بَعْدُ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ "لِلَّذِي لَمْ يَعْلَمْ وَ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِذَا عَلِمَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ عَلَى نِكَاحِهِ".

Hadith.4573 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdul-Aziz, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a slave jointly owned by two men - one of them married him off without the knowledge of the other. Later, the second owner found out about the marriage. Imam (as) said: "The one who was unaware and did not give permission has the right to annul the marriage when he learns about it. However, if he wishes, he may allow the marriage to remain valid."

4574 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ يُزَوِّجُ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ اِمْرَأَةً حُرَّةً عَلَى مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ بَاعَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ "يُعْطِيهَا سَيِّدُهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ نِصْفَ مَا فَرَضَ لَهَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ دَيْنٍ اِسْتَدَانَهُ بِإِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ".

Hadith.4574 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu al-Hasan (as) regarding a man who married his slave to a free woman for a dowry of one hundred dirhams. Then, before the slave consummated the marriage with her, the master sold him. Imam (as) said: "The master must give her half of the agreed dowry from the price he received for selling the slave. This is treated as a debt that the slave incurred with the permission of his master."

4575 - وَ سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَحَلَّتْ لِزَوْجِهَا جَارِيَتَهَا فَقَالَ "ذَلِكَ لَهُ" قَالَ فَإِنْ خَافَ أَنْ تَكُونَ تَمْزَحُ قَالَ "فَإِنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا تَمْزَحُ فَلاَ".

Hadith.4575 - Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Bazi asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about a woman who permitted her husband to have relations with her bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "That is permissible for him." He then asked: "What if he fears that she might be joking?" Imam (as) said: "If he knows that she is joking, then it is not permissible."

4576 - وَ رَوَى جَمِيلٌ عَنْ فُضَيْلٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِنَا رَوَى عَنْكَ أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ إِذَا أَحَلَّ اَلرَّجُلُ لِأَخِيهِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ فَرْجَ جَارِيَتِهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ حَلاَلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ "نَعَمْ يَا فُضَيْلُ " قُلْتُ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ نَفِيسَةٌ وَ هِيَ بِكْرٌ أَحَلَّ لِأَخٍ لَهُ مَا دُونَ اَلْفَرْجِ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَفْتَضَّهَا قَالَ "لاَ لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلاَّ مَا أَحَلَّ لَهُ مِنْهَا وَ لَوْ أَحَلَّ لَهُ قُبْلَةً مِنْهَا لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ هُوَ أَحَلَّ لَهُ مَا دُونَ اَلْفَرْجِ فَغَلَبَتْهُ اَلشَّهْوَةُ فَاقْتَضَّهَا قَالَ "لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ ذَلِكَ" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَ يَكُونُ زَانِياً قَالَ "لاَ وَ لَكِنْ يَكُونُ خَائِناً وَ يَغْرَمُ لِصَاحِبِهَا عُشْرَ قِيمَتِهَا".

Hadith.4576 - Jamil narrated from Fudayl, who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "May I be your ransom! Some of our companions have narrated from you that you said if a man permits his believing brother to have relations with his bondwoman, then she is lawful for him." Imam (as) said: "Yes, O Fudayl." I asked: "What do you say about a man who has a precious bondwoman who is a virgin, and he permits his brother to enjoy her, but only in ways other than intercourse? Is it permissible for him to deflower her?" Imam (as) said: "No, he is only allowed what has been made lawful for him. Even if he permitted him only to kiss her, nothing beyond that would be lawful for him." I asked: "What if he permitted him everything except intercourse, but his desire overcame him, and he deflowered her?" Imam (as) said: "He should not do that." I asked: "If he did, would he be considered a fornicator?" Imam (as) said: "No, but he would be a betrayer and must compensate the owner of the bondwoman with one-tenth of her value."

4577 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ ضُرَيْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُحِلُّ لِأَخِيهِ جَارِيَتَهُ وَ هِيَ تَخْرُجُ فِي حَوَائِجِهِ قَالَ "هِيَ لَهُ حَلاَلٌ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ مَا يَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ "هُوَ لِمَوْلَى اَلْجَارِيَةِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ حِينَ أَحَلَّهَا لَهُ أَنَّهَا إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ مِنِّي فَهُوَ حُرٌّ فَإِنْ كَانَ فَعَلَ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ" قُلْتُ فَيَمْلِكُ وَلَدَهُ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ اِشْتَرَاهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ".

Hadith.4577 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj, from Durays ibn Abdul-Malik, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a man who permits his brother to have relations with his bondwoman, and she goes out to fulfill his needs. Imam (as) said: "She is lawful for him." I asked: "What if she gives birth to a child? What should be done with the child?" Imam (as) said: "The child belongs to the owner of the bondwoman unless he stipulated at the time he permitted her that if she gives birth to a child from him, then the child is free. If he made such a condition, then the child is free." I asked: "Can he own his child?" Imam (as) said: "If he has wealth, he can purchase the child at its value."

4578 - وَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ اَلْفَرَّاءُ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يُحِلُّ لِأَخِيهِ جَارِيَتَهُ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ فَقَالَ "لِيَضُمَّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدَهُ وَ لْيَرُدَّ عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ جَارِيَتَهُ" قُلْتُ لَهُ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ "إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَذِنَ لَهُ وَ لاَ يَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ".

Hadith.4578 - Sulayman al-Farra' narrated from Hariz, from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who permits his brother to have relations with his bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." I asked: "What if she gives birth to a child?" Imam (as) said: "Let him take his child and return the bondwoman to her owner." I said: "But what if he did not permit him to do that?" Imam (as) said: "By granting permission, he has implicitly allowed it, and he cannot guarantee that such an outcome would not occur."

4579 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ دَبَّرَاهَا جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ أَحَدُهُمَا فَرْجَهَا لِشَرِيكِهِ قَالَ "هِيَ حَلاَلٌ لَهُ وَ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَدْ صَارَ نِصْفُهَا حُرّاً مِنْ قِبَلِ اَلَّذِي مَاتَ وَ نِصْفُهَا مُدَبَّراً" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَرَادَ اَلْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ "لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَثْبُتَ عِتْقُهَا وَ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِرِضاً مِنْهَا مَتَى مَا أَرَادَ" قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ صَارَ نِصْفُهَا حُرّاً وَ قَدْ مَلَكَتْ نِصْفَ رَقَبَتِهَا وَ اَلنِّصْفُ اَلْآخَرُ لِلْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا قَالَ "بَلَى" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ هِيَ جَعَلَتْ مَوْلاَهَا فِي حِلٍّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا قَالَ "لاَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ" قُلْتُ لَهُ لِمَ لاَ يَجُوزُ لَهَا ذَلِكَ وَ كَيْفَ أَجَزْتَ لِلَّذِي كَانَ لَهُ نِصْفُهَا حِينَ أَحَلَّ فَرْجَهَا لِشَرِيكِهِ فِيهَا قَالَ "لِأَنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ لاَ تَهَبُ فَرْجَهَا وَ لاَ تُعِيرُهُ وَ لاَ تُحِلُّهُ وَ لَكِنْ لَهَا مِنْ نَفْسِهَا يَوْمٌ وَ لِلَّذِي دَبَّرَهَا يَوْمٌ فَإِنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا مُتْعَةً بِشَيْءٍ فِي ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمِ اَلَّذِي تَمْلِكُ فِيهِ نَفْسَهَا فَلْيَتَمَتَّعْ مِنْهَا بِشَيْءٍ قَلَّ أَوْ كَثُرَ".

Hadith.4579 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a bondwoman jointly owned by two men, who both designated her as mudabbar (set to be freed after their death). Then, one of them permitted his partner to have relations with her. Imam (as) said: "She is lawful for him. If either of them dies before the other, then half of her becomes free from the one who died, and the other half remains mudabbar." I asked: "What if the surviving partner wishes to have relations with her? Is that permissible?" Imam (as) said: "No, unless her freedom is fully established, and then he marries her with her consent whenever he wishes." I asked: "Hasn't half of her already become free, making her the owner of half of herself, while the other half belongs to the surviving partner?" Imam (as) said: "Yes." I asked: "What if she permits her master to have relations with her?" Imam (as) said: "That is not permissible for him." I asked: "Why is it not permissible for her to do that, while you allowed the first owner to permit his partner to have relations with her?" Imam (as) said: "Because a woman cannot gift, lend, or permit her private parts. However, she has authority over herself for the day that she owns her freedom, and the one who designated her as mudabbar has authority over her for his day. If he wishes to marry her temporarily (mutah) for something, whether small or large, on the day that she owns her freedom, he may do so."

4580 - : وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْحُرِّ يَتَزَوَّجُ بِأَمَةِ قَوْمٍ اَلْوُلْدُ مَمَالِيكُ أَوْ أَحْرَارٌ قَالَ "اَلْوُلْدُ أَحْرَارٌ" ثُمَّ قَالَ "إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُ وَالِدَيْهِ حُرّاً فَالْوَلَدُ حُرٌّ".

Hadith.4580 - Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a free man who marries a bondwoman belonging to a people. Are the children considered slaves or free? Imam (as) said: "The children are free." Then Imam (as) added: "If one of the parents is free, the child is free."

4581 - وَ رَوَى جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِأَمَةٍ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ قَالَ "يَلْحَقُ اَلْوَلَدُ بِأَبِيهِ" قُلْتُ فَعَبْدٌ تَزَوَّجَ حُرَّةً قَالَ "يَلْحَقُ اَلْوَلَدُ بِأُمِّهِ".

Hadith.4581 - Jamil ibn Darraj narrated that he asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who married a bondwoman, and she gave birth to a child. Imam (as) said: "The child is attributed to his father." I asked: "What about a slave who marries a free woman?" Imam (as) said: "The child is attributed to his mother."