رُوِيَ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لَيْسَ اَلْحُكْرَةُ إِلاَّ فِي اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ وَ اَلتَّمْرِ وَ اَلزَّبِيبِ وَ اَلسَّمْنِ وَ اَلزَّيْتِ ".
It is narrated from Ghiyath bin Ibrahim, who reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s): "Hoarding (Ihtikar) applies only to wheat, barley, dates, raisins, ghee, and oil."
وَ مَرَّ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِالْمُحْتَكِرِينَ فَأَمَرَ بِحُكْرَتِهِمْ أَنْ تُخْرَجَ إِلَى بُطُونِ اَلْأَسْوَاقِ وَ حَيْثُ يَنْظُرُ اَلنَّاسُ إِلَيْهَا فَقِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَوْ قَوَّمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ حَتَّى عُرِفَ اَلْغَضَبُ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَ قَالَ "أَنَا أُقَوِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّمَا اَلسِّعْرُ إِلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَرْفَعُهُ إِذَا شَاءَ وَ يَخْفِضُهُ إِذَا شَاءَ".
The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, once passed by some hoarders and commanded that their hoarded goods be brought out into the marketplaces where people could see them. Someone then suggested to the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family: "Would you set a price for them?" At this, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, became angry, and his anger was apparent on his face. Prophet (saws) said: "Am I to set prices for them? Indeed, pricing is in the hands of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic. He raises it when He wills and lowers it when He wills."
وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلْحُكْرَةِ فَقَالَ "إِنَّمَا اَلْحُكْرَةُ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ طَعَاماً وَ لَيْسَ فِي اَلْمِصْرِ غَيْرُهُ فَتَحْتَكِرَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي اَلْمِصْرِ طَعَامٌ أَوْ مَتَاعٌ غَيْرُهُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ تَلْتَمِسَ بِسِلْعَتِكَ اَلْفَضْلَ".
Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, who reported from Abu Abdullah (a.s), that Imam (a.s) was asked about hoarding (ḥukrah). Imam (a.s) said: "Hoarding is when you purchase food, and there is no other food available in the town, and then you hoard it. However, if there is other food or goods available in the town, then there is no harm in seeking profit through your merchandise."
وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ اَلْحَنَّاطِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "مَا عَمَلُكَ" فَقُلْتُ حَنَّاطٌ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى نَفَاقٍ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى كَسَادٍ فَحَبَسْتُهُ قَالَ "فَمَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ فِيهِ" قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ مُحْتَكِرٌ قَالَ "يَبِيعُهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ" قُلْتُ مَا أَبِيعُ أَنَا مِنْ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ جُزْءاً فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ وَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ اَلطَّعَامُ اَلْمَدِينَةَ اِشْتَرَاهُ كُلَّهُ فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهِ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ "يَا حَكِيمَ بْنَ حِزَامٍ إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَحْتَكِرَ" ".
Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Salamah al-Hannat, who said that Abu Abdullah (a.s), asked: "What is your occupation?" I replied: "I am a wheat seller, and sometimes I arrive during a time of demand, and sometimes I arrive during a time of stagnation, so I hold onto it." Imam (a.s) asked: "What do the people around you say about this?" I said: "They say I am a hoarder." Imam (a.s) then asked: "Do others besides you sell it?" I said: "I sell only a small portion compared to the whole market." Imam (a.s) replied: "There is no harm in that. This issue arose with a man from Quraysh named Hakim ibn Hizam. Whenever food entered Medina, he would buy all of it. The Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, passed by him and said: 'O Hakim ibn Hizam, beware of hoarding.'"
وَ رَوَى اَلنَّضْرُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي تُجَّارٍ قَدِمُوا أَرْضاً وَ اِشْتَرَكُوا عَلَى أَنْ لاَ يَبِيعُوا بَيْعَهُمْ إِلاَّ بِمَا أَحَبُّوا قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ".
Al-Nadr narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan that Abu Abdullah (a.s), said regarding merchants who arrived at a land and agreed among themselves not to sell their goods except at a price they desired: "There is no harm in that."
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "لاَ يَحْتَكِرُ اَلطَّعَامَ إِلاَّ خَاطِئٌ".
The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: "No one hoards food except a sinner."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلاَّدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ حَبْسِ اَلطَّعَامِ سَنَةً قَالَ "أَنَا أَفْعَلُهُ".
It is narrated from Mu'ammar ibn Khallad that a man asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (a.s), about storing food for a year. Imam (a.s) replied: "I do it."
يَعْنِي إِحْرَازَ الْقُوتِ.
This refers to securing provisions for sustenance.
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "اَلْجَالِبُ مَرْزُوقٌ وَ اَلْمُحْتَكِرُ مَلْعُونٌ".
The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: "The one who brings goods to the market is blessed with sustenance, and the hoarder is cursed."
وَ نَهَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْحُكْرَةِ فِي اَلْأَمْصَارِ".
Commander of the Faithful (a.s), peace be upon him, forbade hoarding in the cities.
وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اَلْحُكْرَةُ فِي اَلْخِصْبِ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً وَ فِي اَلشِّدَّةِ وَ اَلْبَلاَءِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فِي اَلْخِصْبِ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ وَ مَا زَادَ فِي اَلْعُسْرَةِ فَوْقَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ ".
Al-Sakooni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), peace be upon him, who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, stated: "Hoarding during times of abundance is permitted for forty days, and during hardship and distress, for three days. Anything beyond forty days in times of abundance makes its owner accursed, and anything beyond three days in times of difficulty makes its owner accursed."
وَ رَوَى أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ اَلْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "مَنْ بَاعَ اَلطَّعَامَ نُزِعَتْ مِنْهُ اَلرَّحْمَةُ ".
Abu Ishaq narrated from Al-Harith, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, who said: "Whoever hoards food, mercy is removed from him."
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "كِيلُوا طَعَامَكُمْ فَإِنَّ اَلْبَرَكَةَ فِي اَلطَّعَامِ اَلْمَكِيلِ ".
The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: "Measure your food, for indeed, the blessing is in the measured food."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ اَلثُّمَالِيِّ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ غَلاَءُ اَلسِّعْرِ فَقَالَ "وَ مَا عَلَيَّ مِنْ غَلاَئِهِ إِنْ غَلاَ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ رَخُصَ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ".
It is narrated from Abu Hamzah al-Thumali that he said: Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (a.s) was informed about the rise in prices. Imam (a.s) said: "What concern is it to me if prices rise? It is upon Him (swt), and if they fall, it is upon Him (swt)."
وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اِشْتَرُوا وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَالِياً فَإِنَّ اَلرِّزْقَ يَنْزِلُ مَعَ اَلشِّرَاءِ".
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Buy, even if it is expensive, for indeed sustenance descends with purchasing."
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: إِنِّي أَرٰاكُمْ بِخَيْرٍ فَقَالَ "كَانَ سِعْرُهُمْ رَخِيصاً".
It is narrated that Imam (a.s), peace be upon him, said regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Indeed, I see you in prosperity" (Surah Hud 11:84) Imam (a.s) said: "Their prices were low."
وَ قِيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لَوْ سَعَّرْتَ لَنَا سِعْراً فَإِنَّ اَلْأَسْعَارَ تَزِيدُ وَ تَنْقُصُ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "مَا كُنْتُ لِأَلْقَى اَللَّهَ تَعَالَى بِبِدْعَةٍ لَمْ يُحَدِّثْ إِلَيَّ فِيهَا شَيْئاً فَدَعُوا عِبَادَ اَللَّهِ يَأْكُلُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَ إِذَا اُسْتُنْصِحْتُمْ فَانْصَحُوا".
It was said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family: "Would you set a fixed price for us, for prices rise and fall?" The Prophet (saws) replied: "I would not meet Allah (swt), the Exalted, with an innovation about which He (swt) has revealed nothing to me. So leave the servants of Allah (swt) to benefit from one another. And if you are consulted for advice, then give sincere advice."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ اَلثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى وَكَّلَ بِالسِّعْرِ مَلَكاً يُدَبِّرُهُ بِأَمْرِهِ".
It is narrated by Abu Hamzah Al-Thumali, that Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (a.s), who said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, has appointed an angel to regulate prices by His command."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "يَا أَبَا اَلصَّبَّاحِ شِرَاءُ اَلدَّقِيقِ ذُلٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ اَلْحِنْطَةِ عِزٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ اَلْخُبْزِ فَقْرٌ فَتَعَوَّذُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنَ اَلْفَقْرِ ".
It is narrated from Abu Al-Sabbah Al-Kinani that Abu Abdullah (a.s), said: "O Abu Al-Sabbah! Buying flour is humiliation, buying wheat is honor, and buying bread is poverty. So seek refuge with Allah (swt) from poverty."
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَ هِيَ تُحْصِي اَلْخُبْزَ فَقَالَ "يَا حُمَيْرَاءُ لاَ تُحْصِينَ فَيُحْصَى عَلَيْكِ".
It is reported that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, entered upon Aisha while she was counting pieces of bread. Prophet (saws) said: "O Humaira, do not count, lest it be counted against you."
وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ تُمَانِعُوا قَرْضَ اَلْخَمِيرِ وَ اَلْخُبْزِ فَإِنَّ مَنْعَهُمَا يُورِثُ اَلْفَقْرَ".
Al-Sakooni reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: "Do not withhold lending leavened dough and bread, for withholding them causes poverty."
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "عَلاَمَةُ رِضَا اَللَّهِ فِي خَلْقِهِ عَدْلُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ رُخْصُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ وَ عَلاَمَةُ غَضَبِ اَللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ جَوْرُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ غَلاَءُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ".
The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "The sign of Allah's (swt) pleasure with His (swt) creation is the justice of their ruler and the affordability of their prices, and the sign of Allah's (swt) anger upon His (swt) creation is the oppression of their ruler and the high cost of their prices."
