Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3876 - رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلشِّرَاءِ مِنْ أَرْضِ اَلْيَهُودِيِّ وَ اَلنَّصْرَانِيِّ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ وَ قَدْ ظَهَرَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ فَخَارَجَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ تَكُونَ اَلْأَرْضُ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ يَعْمَلُونَ فِيهَا وَ يَعْمُرُونَهَا وَ مَا بَأْسٌ لَوِ اِشْتَرَيْتَ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً وَ أَيُّمَا قَوْمٍ أَحْيَوْا شَيْئاً مِنَ اَلْأَرْضِ فَعَمَرُوهُ فَهُمْ أَحَقُّ بِهِ وَ هُوَ لَهُمْ".

Hadith.3876 - Al-Ala' narrated from Muhammad bin Muslim who said: I asked him about purchasing land from Jews and Christians. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) conquered Khaybar and made an agreement with them that the land would remain in their hands, they would work on it and cultivate it. So, there is no harm if you purchase something from it. And any people who revive and develop a piece of land, they have the right to it, and it belongs to them."

3877 - وَ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "مَنْ غَرَسَ شَجَراً بَدْءاً أَوْ حَفَرَ وَادِياً لَمْ يَسْبِقْهُ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ أَوْ أَحْيَا أَرْضاً مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ قَضَاءً مِنَ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ رَسُولِهِ ".

Hadith.3877 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever plants a tree from the beginning, or digs a valley that no one has preceded him in, or revives dead land, then it belongs to him, this is a decree from Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious, and His Messenger."

3878 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْوَشَّاءِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْضاً جُرْبَاناً مَعْلُومَةً بِمِائَةِ كُرٍّ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ مِنَ اَلْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ "حَرَامٌ " قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنِ اِشْتَرَى مِنْهُ اَلْأَرْضَ بِكَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَ حِنْطَةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ".

Hadith.3878 - It is narrated from Al-Hasan bin Ali Al-Washsha' who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who purchased a specified number of plots of land from another man for one hundred kurr, with the condition that he would give him the payment from the yield of the land. Imam (as) said: "This is forbidden." I said: "May I be your ransom, what if he purchases the land with a specified measure and with wheat from elsewhere?" Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."

3879 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ اَلشَّامِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "لاَ يَشْتَرِي مِنْ أَرَاضِي أَهْلِ اَلسَّوَادِ شَيْئاً إِلاَّ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ ذِمَّةٌ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ فَيْءٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ".

Hadith.3879 - It is narrated from Abu Al-Rabi' Al-Shami, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: "Do not purchase anything from the lands of the Sawad except from those who have a covenant, for it is a spoils (fay') for the Muslims."

3880 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سُئِلَ وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَحْيَا أَرْضاً مَوَاتاً فَكَرَى فِيهَا نَهَراً وَ بَنَى بُيُوتاً وَ غَرَسَ نَخْلاً وَ شَجَراً فَقَالَ "هِيَ لَهُ وَ لَهُ أَجْرُ بُيُوتِهَا وَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا اَلْعُشْرُ فِيمَا سَقَتِ اَلسَّمَاءُ أَوْ سَيْلُ وَادٍ أَوْ عَيْنٌ وَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا سَقَتِ اَلدَّوَالِي وَ اَلْغَرْبُ نِصْفُ اَلْعُشْرِ".

Hadith.3880 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Abdullah bin Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: Imam (as) was asked, while I was present, about a man who revived dead land, dug a canal in it, built houses, and planted palm trees and other trees. Imam (as) said: "It belongs to him, and he is entitled to the rent of its houses. However, he must pay a tenth (ʿushr) of what is watered by rain, a valley stream, or a spring. As for what is watered by buckets or water-lifting devices, he must pay half of a tenth (nisfu al-ʿushr)."

3881 - وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَارَعَ مُسْلِماً أَوْ مُعَاهَداً فَأَنْفَقَ فِيهِ نَفَقَةً ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ فِي بَيْعِهِ أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ "يَشْتَرِيهِ بِالْوَرِقِ فَإِنَّ أَصْلَهُ طَعَامٌ".

Hadith.3881 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who entered into a farming partnership with a Muslim or a covenant holder (Mu'ahid) and spent on it, but then decided to sell it. Imam (as) said: "He may sell it for silver coins, for its origin is food."

3882 - وَ - سَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانٍ : عَنِ اَلنُّزُولِ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْخَرَاجِ فَقَالَ "ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ".

Hadith.3882 - Abdullah bin Sinan asked him about staying with the people who pay land tax (Ahl al-Kharaj). Imam (as) said: "Three days."

3883 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ اَلثَّانِيَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ دَارٍ كَانَتْ لاِمْرَأَةٍ وَ كَانَ لَهَا اِبْنٌ وَ اِبْنَةٌ فَغَابَ اَلاِبْنُ فِي اَلْبَحْرِ وَ مَاتَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ فَادَّعَتِ اِبْنَتُهَا أَنَّ أُمَّهَا كَانَتْ صَيَّرَتْ تِلْكَ اَلدَّارَ لَهَا وَ بَاعَتْ أَشْقَاصاً مِنْهَا وَ بَقِيَتْ فِي اَلدَّارِ قِطْعَةٌ إِلَى جَنْبِ دَارِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ إِخْوَانِنَا فَهُوَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا لِغَيْبَةِ اَلاِبْنِ وَ مَا يَتَخَوَّفُ مِنْ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ شِرَاؤُهَا وَ لَيْسَ يُعْرَفُ لِلاِبْنِ خَبَرٌ قَالَ "وَ مُنْذُ كَمْ غَابَ" قُلْتُ مُنْذُ سِنِينَ كَثِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ "يَنْتَظِرُ بِهِ غَيْبَةَ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِي".

Hadith.3883 - It is narrated from Ali bin Mahziyar who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as) about a house that belonged to a woman who had a son and a daughter. The son went missing at sea, and the woman died. The daughter claimed that her mother had transferred the ownership of the house to her and sold portions of it, leaving a remaining portion beside the house of one of our brothers. This brother was reluctant to purchase it due to the absence of the son and the concern that buying it might not be permissible, as there was no news about the son. Imam (as) asked: "How long has he been missing?" I said: "For many years." Imam (as) said: "He should wait for the son's absence for ten years, and then he may purchase it."

3884 - وَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلصَّفَّارُ رَحِمَهُ اَللَّهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْتاً فِي دَارٍ لَهُ بِجَمِيعِ حُقُوقِهِ وَ فَوْقَهُ بَيْتٌ آخَرُ هَلْ يَدْخُلُ اَلْبَيْتُ اَلْأَعْلَى فِي حُقُوقِ اَلْبَيْتِ اَلْأَسْفَلِ أَمْ لاَ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلاَّ مَا اِشْتَرَاهُ بِاسْمِهِ وَ مَوْضِعِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ".

Hadith.3884 - Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, wrote to Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan bin Ali (as) regarding a man who purchased a house in a property with all its rights, and there was another house above it. He asked whether the upper house is included in the rights of the lower house or not. Imam (as) responded: "He is entitled only to what he purchased by its name and specified location, if Allah (swt) wills."

3885 - وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِرَجُلَيْنِ اِشْهَدَا أَنَّ جَمِيعَ اَلدَّارِ اَلَّتِي لَهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا بِحُدُودِهَا كُلِّهَا لِفُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا لَهُ فِي اَلدَّارِ مِنَ اَلْمَتَاعِ وَ اَلْبَيِّنَةُ لاَ تَعْرِفُ اَلْمَتَاعَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يَصْلُحُ إِذَا أَحَاطَ اَلشِّرَاءُ بِجَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ".

Hadith.3885 - He wrote to Imam (as) regarding a man who said to two witnesses, "Bear witness that the entire house which he owns in such-and-such a location, with all its boundaries, belongs to so-and-so, along with all the belongings he has in the house." However, the witnesses did not know what the belongings were. Imam (as) responded: "It is valid if the purchase encompasses all of that, if Allah (swt) wills."

3886 - وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ قِطَاعُ أَرَضِينَ فَحَضَرَهُ اَلْخُرُوجُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَ اَلْقَرْيَةُ عَلَى مَرَاحِلَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ اَلْمُقَامِ مَا يَأْتِي بِحُدُودِ أَرْضِهِ وَ عَرَّفَ حُدُودَ اَلْقَرْيَةِ اَلْأَرْبَعَةَ فَقَالَ لِلشُّهُودِ اِشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ بِعْتُ مِنْ فُلاَنٍ يَعْنِي اَلْمُشْتَرِيَ جَمِيعَ اَلْقَرْيَةِ اَلَّتِي حَدٌّ مِنْهَا كَذَا وَ اَلثَّانِي وَ اَلثَّالِثُ وَ اَلرَّابِعُ وَ إِنَّمَا لَهُ فِي هَذِهِ اَلْقَرْيَةِ قِطَاعُ أَرَضِينَ فَهَلْ يَصْلُحُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي ذَلِكَ وَ إِنَّمَا لَهُ بَعْضُ هَذِهِ اَلْقَرْيَةِ وَ قَدْ أَقَرَّ لَهُ بِكُلِّهَا فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لاَ يَجُوزُ بَيْعُ مَا لَيْسَ يَمْلِكُ وَ قَدْ وَجَبَ اَلشِّرَاءُ مِنَ اَلْبَائِعِ عَلَى مَا يَمْلِكُ ".

Hadith.3886 - He wrote to Imam (as) regarding a man who owned several plots of land and was preparing to leave for Mecca. The village was several stages away from his residence, and he did not have enough time to specify the boundaries of his land. Instead, he identified the four boundaries of the entire village and said to the witnesses, "Bear witness that I have sold to so-and-so (the buyer) the entire village, with its specified boundaries." However, in reality, he only owned some plots of land within that village. The question was whether this sale was valid for the buyer, given that the seller acknowledged ownership of the whole village. Imam (as) responded: "It is not permissible to sell what one does not own. However, the purchase is valid for the portion that the seller actually owns."

3887 - وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ يُشْهِدُهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَاعَ ضَيْعَةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ وَ هِيَ قِطَاعُ أَرَضِينَ وَ لَمْ يُعَرِّفِ اَلْحُدُودَ فِي وَقْتِ مَا أَشْهَدَهُ وَ قَالَ إِذَا أَتَوْكَ بِالْحُدُودِ فَاشْهَدْ بِهَا هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لاَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "نَعَمْ يَجُوزُ وَ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ".

Hadith.3887 - He wrote to Imam (as) regarding a man who made another person a witness that he had sold an estate to another man. The estate consisted of several plots of land, but the boundaries were not specified at the time the witness was called. The seller then said: "When they bring you the boundaries, testify to them." The question was whether it was permissible for the witness to testify in such a case. Imam (as) responded: "Yes, it is permissible, and all praise is due to Allah (swt)."

3888 - وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَى اَلْحُدُودِ إِذَا جَاءَ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ اَلْقَرْيَةِ فَشَهِدُوا أَنَّ حُدُودَ هَذِهِ اَلضَّيْعَةِ اَلَّتِي بَاعَهَا اَلرَّجُلُ هِيَ هَذِهِ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ لِهَذَا اَلشَّاهِدِ اَلَّذِي أَشْهَدَهُ بِالضَّيْعَةِ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ اَلْحُدُودَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ بِالْحُدُودِ بِقَوْلِ هَؤُلاَءِ اَلَّذِينَ عَرَّفُوا هَذِهِ اَلضَّيْعَةَ وَ شَهِدُوا لَهُ أَمْ لاَ يَجُوزُ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا وَ قَدْ قَالَ لَهُمُ اَلْبَائِعُ اِشْهَدُوا بِالْحُدُودِ إِذَا أَتَوْكُمْ بِهَا فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ " لاَ تَشْهَدْ إِلاَّ عَلَى صَاحِبِ اَلشَّيْءِ وَ بِقَوْلِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ".

Hadith.3888 - He wrote to Imam (as) asking whether it is permissible for a witness, who was called to testify about the sale of an estate without specifying its boundaries, to later testify to the boundaries based on the statements of other people from the village who identified and confirmed the boundaries of the estate. The question was whether this witness, who initially testified to the sale, could now testify to the boundaries based on their statements. Imam (as) responded: "Do not testify except based on the statement of the owner of the property, if Allah (swt) wills."

3889 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ جَرَّاحٍ اَلْمَدَائِنِيِّ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ دَارٍ فِيهَا ثَلاَثَةُ أَبْيَاتٍ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُنَّ حَجْرٌ قَالَ "إِنَّمَا اَلْإِذْنُ عَلَى اَلْبُيُوتِ لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلدَّارِ إِذْنٌ".

Hadith.3889 - It is narrated from Jarrah Al-Mada'ini who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a house that contains three rooms, and these rooms do not have separate enclosures. Imam (as) said: "Permission is required for the rooms, but there is no need for permission regarding the house."