Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا رَضِيَ صَاحِبُ اَلْحَقِّ بِيَمِينِ اَلْمُنْكِرِ لِحَقِّهِ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ فَحَلَفَ أَنْ لاَ حَقَّ لَهُ قِبَلَهُ ذَهَبَتِ اَلْيَمِينُ بِحَقِّ اَلْمُدَّعِي وَ لاَ دَعْوَى لَهُ" قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ عَادِلَةٌ قَالَ "نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ أَقَامَ بَعْدَ مَا اِسْتَحْلَفَهُ بِاللَّهِ خَمْسِينَ قَسَامَةً مَا كَانَ لَهُ حَقٌّ فَإِنَّ اَلْيَمِينَ قَدْ أَبْطَلَتْ كُلَّ مَا اِدَّعَاهُ قَبْلَهُ مِمَّا قَدِ اِسْتَحْلَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ".

Abdullah bin Abi Ya'fur narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: "If the claimant is satisfied with the oath of the defendant regarding his claim, and he requests the defendant to swear, and the defendant swears that there is no right due to the claimant upon him, then the oath nullifies the claimant's right, and he no longer has a claim." I said: "What if the claimant has a just and valid proof?" Imam (a.s) said: "Yes, even if he later presents fifty witnesses after having requested the defendant to swear by Allah (swt), he would have no right, for the oath has invalidated all previous claims for which he had requested the defendant to swear."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "مَنْ حَلَفَ لَكُمْ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى حَقٍّ فَصَدِّقُوهُ وَ مَنْ سَأَلَكُمْ بِاللَّهِ فَأَعْطُوهُ ذَهَبَتِ اَلْيَمِينُ بِدَعْوَى اَلْمُدَّعِي وَ لاَ دَعْوَى لَهُ".

The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Whoever swears to you by Allah (swt) regarding a right, then believe him, and whoever asks you in the name of Allah (swt), then give him. The oath is for the claimant, and there is no claim for him without it."

قَالَ مُصَنِّفُ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ مَتَى جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي يَحْلِفُ عَلَى حَقٍّ تَائِباً وَ حَمَلَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مَعَ مَا رَبِحَ فِيهِ فَعَلَى صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ رَأْسَ الْمَالِ وَ نِصْفَ الرِّبْحِ وَ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ نِصْفَ الرِّبْحِ لِأَنَّ هَذَا رَجُلٌ تَائِبٌ رَوَى ذَلِكَ مِسْمَعٌ أَبُو سَيَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ سَأَذْكُرُ الْحَدِيثَ بِلَفْظِهِ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ فِي بَابِ الْوَدِيعَةِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.

The compiler of this book, may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, commented: Whenever a man who had taken an oath on a right repents and returns what he owes, along with the profit he gained from it, the rightful owner should take back his principal amount and half of the profit, and return the other half of the profit to the repentant man, because he is a repentant person. This was narrated by Misma' Abu Sayyar from Abu Abdullah (a.s), and I will mention the full wording of this narration later in this book, in the chapter on deposits (al-wadi'ah), if Allah (swt), the Exalted, wills.