Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ اَلسِّمْطِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَقَعُ عَلَى أُخْتِهِ قَالَ "يُضْرَبُ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّيْفِ بَلَغَتْ مِنْهُ مَا بَلَغَتْ فَإِنْ عَاشَ خُلِّدَ فِي اَلْحَبْسِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ".

Safwan ibn Mihran narrated from Amir ibn al-Simt, from Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (a.s) regarding a man who commits intercourse with his sister. Imam (a.s) said: "He is struck with a sword, and whatever injury it causes will be his fate. If he survives, he is to be imprisoned for life until he dies."

وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: فِي رَجُلٍ أَمَرَ عَبْدَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ رَجُلاً فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ "هَلْ عَبْدُ اَلرَّجُلِ إِلاَّ كَسَوْطِهِ وَ سَيْفِهِ فَقُتِلَ اَلسَّيِّدُ وَ اُسْتُودِعَ اَلْعَبْدُ اَلسِّجْنَ ".

Al-Sakuni narrated through his chain of transmission that Commander of the Faithful (a.s) said regarding a man who ordered his slave to kill another man, and the slave carried out the order: (Imam (a.s) said) "Is not the slave like his master's whip or sword?" Therefore, the master was executed, and the slave was imprisoned.

وَ رُفِعَ ثَلاَثَةُ نَفَرٍ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَمَّا وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمْ أَمْسَكَ رَجُلاً وَ أَقْبَلَ اَلْآخَرُ فَقَتَلَهُ وَ اَلثَّالِثُ فِي اَلرُّؤْيَةِ يَرَاهُمْ فَقَضَى عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اَلَّذِي فِي اَلرُّؤْيَةِ أَنْ تُسْمَلَ عَيْنَاهُ وَ قَضَى فِي اَلَّذِي أَمْسَكَ أَنْ يُحْبَسَ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ كَمَا أَمْسَكَهُ وَ قَضَى فِي اَلَّذِي قَتَلَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ.

Three men were brought before Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s). One of them had restrained a man, the second came and killed him, and the third stood watching the act. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) ruled: "The one who stood watching should have his eyes gouged out, The one who restrained the victim should be imprisoned until he dies, just as he had restrained the victim, and the one who committed the murder should be executed."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ أَنَّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ يُخَلَّدُ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ إِلاَّ ثَلاَثَةٌ اَلَّذِي يُمْسِكُ عَلَى اَلْمَوْتِ يَحْفَظُهُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ اَلْمُرْتَدَّةُ عَنِ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ وَ اَلسَّارِقُ بَعْدَ قَطْعِ اَلْيَدِ وَ اَلرِّجْلِ ".

In the narration of Hammad from Hariz, Abu Abdillah (a.s) said: "No one is sentenced to life imprisonment except for three: the one who is held for murder and is kept until he is executed, the woman who apostasizes from Islam, and the thief after his hand and foot have been amputated."

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ اَلْمَحْبُوسِينَ فِي اَلدَّيْنِ، يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ إِلَى اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ يَوْمَ اَلْعِيدِ إِلَى اَلْعِيدِ فَيُرْسِلَ مَعَهُمْ فَإِذَا قَضَوُا اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ اَلْعِيدَ رَدَّهُمْ إِلَى اَلسِّجْنِ".

Abdullah ibn Sinan narrated from Abu Abdillah (a.s) that he said: "It is the duty of the Imam to bring out those imprisoned for debt on Fridays and for Eid prayers. He should send someone to accompany them, and once they have completed the prayer and the Eid rituals, they should be returned to prison."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "يَجِبُ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَحْبِسَ اَلْفُسَّاقَ مِنَ اَلْعُلَمَاءِ وَ اَلْجُهَّالَ مِنَ اَلْأَطِبَّاءِ وَ اَلْمَفَالِيسَ مِنَ اَلْأَكْرِيَاءِ" وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "حَبْسُ اَلْإِمَامِ بَعْدَ اَلْحَدِّ ظُلْمٌ".

In the narration of Ahmad ibn Abi Abdillah al-Barqi, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "It is obligatory upon the Imam to imprison the corrupt among the scholars, the ignorant among the physicians, and the bankrupt among those who rent out property." And Imam (a.s) also said: "Imprisonment by the Imam after the implementation of the legal punishment is oppression."