Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى جَمِيلٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي مُحْرِمٍ قَتَلَ نَعَامَةً قَالَ «عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً فَإِنْ كَانَتْ قِيمَةُ اَلْبَدَنَةِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ قِيمَةُ اَلْبَدَنَةِ أَقَلَّ مِنْ إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ إِلاَّ قِيمَةُ اَلْبَدَنَةِ.

Jamil narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim and Zurara, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), regarding a person in the state of ihram who killed an ostrich. Imam (a.s) said: "They must offer a camel. If they cannot find one, they must feed sixty needy people. If the value of the camel exceeds the cost of feeding sixty needy people, they do not need to provide more than the feeding of sixty needy people. If the value of the camel is less than the cost of feeding sixty needy people, they are only required to pay the value of the camel."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ اَلرَّقِّيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ وَاجِبَةٌ فِي فِدَاءٍ فَقَالَ «إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ فَسَبْعُ شِيَاهٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ صَامَ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً، بِمَكَّةَ أَوْ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Dawud al-Raqqi, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), regarding a man upon whom a camel is obligatory as expiation. Imam (a.s) said: "If he cannot find a camel, then seven sheep. If he cannot afford that, he should fast for eighteen days, either in Mecca or at his place of residence."

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ نَعَامَةً أَوْ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ قَالَ «عَلَيْهِ بَدَنَةٌ» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ قَالَ «يُطْعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى مَا يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ مَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ «فَلْيَصُمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَصَابَ بَقَرَةً مَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ «عَلَيْهِ بَقَرَةٌ» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ قَالَ «فَلْيُطْعِمْ ثَلاَثِينَ مِسْكِيناً» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى مَا يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ «فَلْيَصُمْ تِسْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَصَابَ ظَبْياً مَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ «عَلَيْهِ شَاةٌ» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ قَالَ «فَعَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ «فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ.

Abdullah ibn Muskan narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a person in the state of ihram who hunted an ostrich or a wild donkey. Imam (a.s) said: "They must offer a camel." I asked: "What if they cannot afford it?" Imam (a.s) said: "They should feed sixty needy people." I asked: "What if they cannot afford to feed anyone?" Imam (a.s) said: "They must fast for eighteen days." I then asked: "What if they hunted a cow?" Imam (a.s) said: "They must offer a cow." I asked: "What if they cannot afford it?" Imam (a.s) said: "They should feed thirty needy people." I asked: "What if they cannot afford to feed anyone?" Imam (a.s) said: "They must fast for nine days." I then asked: "What if they hunted a gazelle?" Imam (a.s) said: "They must offer a sheep." I asked: "What if they cannot afford it?" Imam (a.s) said: "They must feed ten needy people." I asked: "What if they cannot afford to feed anyone?" Imam (a.s) said: "They must fast for three days."

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ رَمَى صَيْداً وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَكَسَرَ يَدَهُ أَوْ رِجْلَهُ فَذَهَبَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَلاَ يَدْرِي مَا صَنَعَ قَالَ «عَلَيْهِ فِدَاؤُهُ» قُلْتُ فَإِنْ رَآهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَدْ رَعَى وَ مَشَى قَالَ «عَلَيْهِ رُبُعُ قِيمَتِهِ.

Ibn Muskan narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man in the state of ihram who shot at game, breaking its leg or hand, and it ran off so that he did not know what happened to it. Imam (a.s) said: "He must pay its full expiation." I asked: "What if he later sees it grazing and walking?" Imam (a.s) said: "He must pay a quarter of its value."

وَ رَوَى اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ أَصَابَ أَرْنَباً أَوْ ثَعْلَباً قَالَ «فِي اَلْأَرْنَبِ دَمُ شَاةٍ ».

Al-Bazanti narrated from Abu al-Hasan (a.s), who said: I asked him about a person in the state of ihram who hunted a rabbit or a fox. Imam (a.s) said: "For the rabbit, the expiation is the sacrifice of a sheep."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْأَرْنَبِ يُصِيبُهُ اَلْمُحْرِمُ فَقَالَ «شَاةٌ هَدْياً بَالِغَ اَلْكَعْبَةِ ».

In the narration of Ibn Muskan from al-Halabi, he said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a rabbit hunted by a person in the state of ihram. Imam (a.s) said: "A sheep must be offered as a sacrifice, to be delivered to the Kaaba."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْبَزَنْطِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ فَقَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مُحْرِمٍ قَتَلَ ثَعْلَباً قَالَ «عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ» فَقُلْتُ فَأَرْنَباً فَقَالَ «مِثْلُ مَا فِي اَلثَّعْلَبِ ».

In the narration of Al-Bazanti from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu Basir, he said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a person in the state of ihram who killed a fox. Imam (a.s) said: "They must offer a blood sacrifice." I asked: "What about a rabbit?" Imam (a.s) said: "The same as for the fox."

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ حَمَامَةً مِنْ حَمَامِ اَلْحَرَمِ وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فَقَالَ «إِنْ قَتَلَهَا وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فِي اَلْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ شَاةٌ وَ قِيمَةُ اَلْحَمَامَةِ دِرْهَمٌ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَهَا فِي اَلْحَرَمِ وَ هُوَ غَيْرُ مُحْرِمٍ فَعَلَيْهِ قِيمَتُهَا وَ هُوَ دِرْهَمٌ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ أَوْ يَشْتَرِي بِهِ طَعَاماً لِحَمَامِ اَلْحَرَمِ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَهَا وَ هُوَ مُحْرِمٌ فِي غَيْرِ اَلْحَرَمِ فَعَلَيْهِ دَمُ شَاةٍ ».

Muhammad ibn al-Fudhayl narrated: I asked Abu al-Hasan (a.s) about a man who killed a pigeon from the pigeons of the Sacred Sanctuary while he was in the state of ihram. Imam (a.s) said: "If he killed it while he was in the state of ihram and in the Haram, he must offer a sheep, and the value of the pigeon is one dirham. If he killed it in the Haram while not in the state of ihram, he must pay its value, which is one dirham, to be given as charity or used to buy food for the pigeons of the Haram. If he killed it while in the state of ihram but outside the Haram, he must offer the sacrifice of a sheep."

فإن قتل فرخا وهو محرم في غير الحرم فعليه حمل قد فطم، وليس عليه قيمته لأنه ليس في الحرم. ويذبح الفداء إن شاء في منزله بمكة وإن شاء بالحزورة بين الصفا والمروة قريبا من موضع النخاسين وهو معروف. فإن قتله وهو محرم في الحرم فعليه حمل وقيمة الفرخ نصف درهم، وفي البيضة ربع درهم. وفي القطاة حمل قد فطم من اللبن ورعى من الشجر. وإذا أصاب المحرم بيض نعام ذبح عن كل بيضة شاة بقدر عدد البيض، فإن لم يجد شاة فعليه صيام ثلاثة أيام، فإن لم يقدر فإطعام عشرة مساكين. وإذا وطئ بيض نعام ففدغها وهو محرم وفيها أفراخ تتحرك فعليه أن يرسل فحولة من البدن على الإناث بقدر عدد البيض فما لقح وسلم حتى ينتج فهو هدي لبيت الله الحرام، فإن لم ينتج شيئا فليس عليه شئ. وإن وطئ بيض قطاة فشدخه فعليه أن يرسل فحولة من الغنم على عددها من الإناث بقدر عدد البيض فما سلم فهو هدي لبيت الله الحرام.

If he killed a fledgling while in the state of ihram outside the Haram, he must offer a weaned lamb as expiation, but there is no obligation to pay its value because it was not in the Haram. The expiation may be slaughtered either at his place of residence in Mecca or at al-Hazwara, near the Safa and Marwa, close to the marketplace known as the slave-traders' place. If he killed the fledgling while in the state of ihram and in the Haram, he must offer a lamb and pay the value of the fledgling, which is half a dirham. For an egg, the expiation is a quarter of a dirham. Regarding the sandgrouse (al-qata), the expiation is a weaned lamb that has been suckled and grazed on vegetation. If a person in the state of ihram damages ostrich eggs, they must sacrifice a sheep for each egg, equivalent to the number of eggs. If they cannot find a sheep, they must fast for three days. If they are unable to fast, they must feed ten needy individuals. If someone in the state of ihram steps on ostrich eggs and crushes them, and the eggs contain moving embryos, they must release an equivalent number of male camels onto female camels so that they mate. Whatever offspring result and survive must be offered as sacrificial animals for the House of Allah (swt) in the Haram. If no offspring are produced, there is no obligation upon them. If someone steps on sandgrouse eggs and crushes them, they must release an equivalent number of male sheep onto female sheep matching the number of eggs. Whatever offspring result and survive must be offered as sacrificial animals for the House of Allah (swt) in the Haram.

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَا وَطِئْتَ أَوْ وَطِئَهُ بَعِيرُكَ وَ أَنْتَ مُحْرِمٌ فَعَلَيْكَ فِدَاؤُهُ».

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Whatever you step on or your camel steps on while you are in the state of ihram, you must pay its expiation."

وإذا قتل المحرم الصيد فعليه جزاؤه ويتصدق بالصيد على مسكين، فإن عاد فقتل صيدا آخر متعمدا فليس عليه جزاؤه وهو ممن ينتقم الله منه والنقمة في الآخرة وهو قول الله عز وجل: " عفى الله عما سلف ومن عاد فينتقم الله منه "، فإذا أصاب الصيد ثم عاد خطأ فعليه كلما عاد كفارة. وكلما أتاه المحرم بجهالة فليس عليه شئ إلا الصيد فإن عليه فداؤه، فان تعمد كان عليه فداؤه وأثمه. ولا بأس أن يصيد المحرم السمك ويأكل طريه ومالحه ويتزوده، فإن قتل جرادة فعليه تمرة، وتمرة خير من جرادة فإن كان كثيرا فعليه دم شاة.

If a person in the state of ihram kills game, they must pay the compensation and give the game as charity to a needy person. However, if they intentionally kill another animal after the first, there is no expiation for it, and they are among those whom Allah (swt) will punish. This punishment is reserved for the Hereafter, as Allah (swt) says: 'Allah (swt) has pardoned what is past; but if anyone repeats it, Allah (swt) will take vengeance on him' (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:95). If they unintentionally kill game again, they must pay expiation every time they repeat it. For anything a person in the state of ihram does out of ignorance, there is no penalty upon them, except for killing game, for which expiation is required. If it is done intentionally, they must pay the expiation and bear the sin as well. There is no harm in a person in the state of ihram catching fish, eating it fresh or salted, or taking it as provision. If they kill a locust, they must give a date as expiation, as a date is better than a locust. If the locusts are many, they must sacrifice a sheep.

وَ مَرَّ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى اَلنَّاسِ وَ هُمْ يَأْكُلُونَ جَرَاداً فَقَالَ «سُبْحَانَ اَللَّهِ وَ أَنْتُمْ مُحْرِمُونَ» قَالُوا إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَ اَلْبَحْرِ قَالَ «فَارْمُسُوهُ فِي اَلْمَاءِ إِذَنْ».

Abu Ja'far (a.s) passed by a group of people eating locusts and said: "Glory be to Allah (swt)! And you are in the state of ihram?" They said, "It is from the sea." Imam (a.s) replied: "Then return it to the water."

والجراد لا يأكله المحرم. ولا يأكله الحلال في الحرم. فإن قتل عظاية فعليه أن يتصدق بكف من طعام. وإن قتل زنبورا خطأ فلا شئ عليه، وإن كان عمدا فعليه أن يتصدق بكف من طعام. وإن أصاب المحرم صيدا خارجا من الحرم فذبحه ثم أدخله الحرم مذبوحا وأهدى إلى رجل محل فلا بأس أن يأكله إنما الفداء على الذي أصابه.

A person in the state of ihram may not eat locusts, nor may anyone eat locusts within the Haram. If someone kills a lizard, they must give a handful of food as charity. If someone kills a wasp unintentionally, there is no penalty. However, if they kill it intentionally, they must give a handful of food as charity. If a person in the state of ihram hunts game outside the Haram, slaughters it, then brings it into the Haram and gifts it to a person who is not in ihram, there is no harm in the recipient eating it. The expiation, however, remains upon the one who hunted the game.

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمُحْرِمِ يُصِيبُ اَلصَّيْدَ فَيَفْدِيهِ يَطْعَمُهُ أَوْ يَطْرَحُهُ قَالَ «إِذاً يَكُونَ عَلَيْهِ فِدَاءٌ آخَرُ» قِيلَ فَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ «يَدْفِنُهُ ».

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a person in the state of ihram who hunts game and pays its expiation: Should they eat it or discard it? Imam (a.s) said: "If they eat it, then another expiation becomes obligatory upon them." They asked: "What should they do with it then?" Imam (a.s) replied: "They should bury it."

وكل من وجب عليه فداء شئ أصابه وهو محرم فإن كان حاجا نحر هديه الذي يجب عليه بمنى، وإن كان معتمرا نحره بمكة قبالة الكعبة. وإذا اضطر المحرم إلى الصيد وميتة فإنه يأكل الصيد ويفدي، وإن [كان] أكل الميتة فلا بأس إلا:

For anyone upon whom expiation is obligatory for something they did while in the state of ihram: If they are performing Hajj, they must slaughter their offering in Mina. If they are performing Umrah, they must slaughter it in Mecca near the Kaaba. If a person in the state of ihram is compelled to choose between eating hunted game or carrion, they should eat the game and pay the expiation. If they eat the carrion, there is no harm upon them.

أَنَّ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّانِيَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «يَذْبَحُ اَلصَّيْدَ وَ يَأْكُلُهُ وَ يَفْدِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ اَلْمَيْتَةِ ».

Abu Ja'far al-Thani, Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (a.s) said: "Slaughtering the game, eating it, and paying the expiation is more beloved to me than eating carrion."

وَ رَوَى يُوسُفُ اَلطَّاطَرِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ صَيْدٌ أَكَلَهُ قَوْمٌ مُحْرِمُونَ قَالَ «عَلَيْهِمْ شَاةٌ شَاةٌ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلَّذِي ذَبَحَهُ إِلاَّ شَاةٌ ».

Yusuf al-Tatari narrated: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s), "What is the ruling if a group of people in the state of ihram eat game?" Imam (a.s) said: "Each of them must offer a sheep, and the one who slaughtered it is only required to offer one sheep."

وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْمٍ حُجَّاجٍ مُحْرِمِينَ أَصَابُوا أَفْرَاخَ نَعَامٍ فَأَكَلُوا جَمِيعاً قَالَ «عَلَيْهِمْ مَكَانَ كُلِّ فَرْخٍ أَكَلُوهُ بَدَنَةٌ يَشْتَرِكُونَ فِيهَا جَمِيعاً فَيَشْتَرُونَهَا عَلَى عَدَدِ اَلْفِرَاخِ وَ عَلَى عَدَدِ اَلرِّجَالِ ».

Ali ibn Ri'ab narrated from Aban ibn Taghlib, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), regarding a group of pilgrims in the state of ihram who hunted and ate ostrich chicks together. Imam (a.s) said: "For each chick they ate, they must collectively offer a camel. They should purchase a camel for each chick based on the number of chicks and the number of people involved."

وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ وَ بُكَيْرٌ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي مُحْرِمَيْنِ أَصَابَا صَيْداً فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا اَلْفِدَاءُ ».

Zurara and Bukayr narrated from one of the Imams (a.s) regarding two people in the state of ihram who hunted game. Imam (a.s) said: "Each of them must individually pay the expiation."

وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ قَوْمٍ مُحْرِمِينَ اِشْتَرَوْا صَيْداً فَاشْتَرَكُوا فِيهِ فَقَالَتِ اِمْرَأَةٌ رَفِيقَةٌ لَهُمُ اِجْعَلُوا لِي مِنْهُ بِدِرْهَمٍ فَجَعَلُوا لَهَا فَقَالَ «عَلَى كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ شَاةٌ ».

Abu Basir asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a group of people in the state of ihram who purchased game and shared it among themselves. A woman who was their companion said, "Give me a portion of it for one dirham," and they did so. Imam (a.s) said: "Each of them must offer a sheep as expiation."

وَ قَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ، « أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ اَلْبَحْرِ وَ طَعٰامُهُ مَتٰاعاً لَكُمْ وَ لِلسَّيّٰارَةِ » وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «هُوَ مَلِيحُهُ اَلَّذِي تَأْكُلُونَ» وَ قَالَ «فَصْلُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا كُلُّ طَيْرٍ يَكُونُ فِي اَلْآجَامِ يَبِيضُ فِي اَلْبَرِّ وَ يُفْرِخُ فِي اَلْبَرِّ فَهُوَ صَيْدُ اَلْبَرِّ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَيْرٍ يَكُونُ فِي اَلْبَرِّ وَ يَبِيضُ فِي اَلْبَحْرِ وَ يُفْرِخُ فِي اَلْبَحْرِ فَهُوَ مِنْ صَيْدِ اَلْبَحْرِ ».

Allah (swt), the Exalted, says: "Lawful to you is the game of the sea and its food as provision for you and for travelers" (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:96). Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Its 'food' refers to salted fish that you eat." Imam (a.s) also said: "The distinction between them is as follows: any bird that resides in thickets, lays its eggs on land, and hatches its young on land is considered land game. Any bird that resides on land but lays its eggs in the sea and hatches its young in the sea is considered sea game."

وَ اَلْمُحْرِمُ لاَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى اَلصَّيْدِ فَإِنْ دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقُتِلَ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْفِدَاءُ ».

A person in the state of ihram must not guide others to game. If they do guide someone to game and it is killed, they are obligated to pay the expiation.