Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

سُئِلَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَمَّا يُخْرَجُ مِنَ اَلْبَحْرِ مِنَ اَللُّؤْلُؤِ وَ اَلْيَاقُوتِ وَ اَلزَّبَرْجَدِ وَ عَنْ مَعَادِنِ اَلذَّهَبِ وَ اَلْفِضَّةِ هَلْ فِيهَا زَكَاةٌ فَقَالَ «إِذَا بَلَغَ قِيمَتُهُ دِينَاراً فَفِيهِ اَلْخُمُسُ ».

Abu al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) was asked about what is extracted from the sea, such as pearls, rubies, and emeralds, and about mines of gold and silver: "Is there Zakat on them?" Imam (a.s) replied: "If their value reaches one dinar, then Khums (one-fifth) is due on them."

وَ سَأَلَ عُبَيْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْكَنْزِ كَمْ فِيهِ فَقَالَ «اَلْخُمُسُ» وَ عَنِ اَلْمَعَادِنِ كَمْ فِيهَا فَقَالَ «اَلْخُمُسُ» وَ عَنِ اَلرَّصَاصِ وَ اَلصُّفْرِ وَ اَلْحَدِيدِ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنَ اَلْمَعَادِنِ كَمْ فِيهَا فَقَالَ «يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا كَمَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ مَعَادِنِ اَلذَّهَبِ وَ اَلْفِضَّةِ ».

Ubaydullah ibn Ali al-Halabi asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about buried treasure: "How much is due on it?" Imam (a.s) replied: "The Khums (one-fifth)." He then asked about mines: "How much is due on them?" Imam (a.s) replied: "The Khums." He further asked about lead, brass, iron, and other mineral types: "How much is due on them?" The Imam (a.s) replied: "The same is taken from them as is taken from mines of gold and silver."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ اَلْخُمُسُ إِلاَّ فِي اَلْغَنَائِمِ خَاصَّةً ».

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) say: "Khums is only applicable to spoils of war specifically."

وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّا يَجِبُ فِيهِ اَلْخُمُسُ مِنَ اَلْكَنْزِ فَقَالَ «مَا تَجِبُ اَلزَّكَاةُ فِي مِثْلِهِ فَفِيهِ اَلْخُمُسُ ».

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr narrated from Abu al-Hasan Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (a.s): I asked him about what amount of a buried treasure (kanz) makes Khums obligatory. Imam (a.s) replied: "Whatever amount requires Zakat in its equivalent also requires Khums."

وَ سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمَلاَّحَةِ فَقَالَ «وَ مَا اَلْمَلاَّحَةُ» فَقُلْتُ أَرْضٌ سَبِخَةٌ مَالِحَةٌ يَجْتَمِعُ فِيهَا اَلْمَاءُ فَيَصِيرُ مِلْحاً فَقَالَ «مِثْلُ اَلْمَعْدِنِ فِيهِ اَلْخُمُسُ» قُلْتُ فَالْكِبْرِيتُ وَ اَلنِّفْطُ يُخْرَجُ مِنَ اَلْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ «هَذَا وَ أَشْبَاهُهُ فِيهِ اَلْخُمُسُ ».

Muhammad ibn Muslim asked Abu Ja’far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about salt flats. The Imam asked: "What are salt flats?" I replied: "They are salty, barren lands where water collects and turns into salt." The Imam (a.s) said: "It is like a mine; Khums is due on it." I asked: "What about sulfur and oil extracted from the earth?" Imam (a.s) replied: "These and similar things also require Khums."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ لَمَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْنَا اَلصَّدَقَةَ أَنْزَلَ لَنَا اَلْخُمُسَ فَالصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْنَا حَرَامٌ وَ اَلْخُمُسُ لَنَا فَرِيضَةٌ وَ اَلْكَرَامَةُ لَنَا حَلاَلٌ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), there is no god but Him, when He prohibited charity (Sadaqah) for us, He ordained Khums for us. Thus, charity is forbidden to us, Khums is an obligation for us, and gifts of honor are permissible for us."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَصْلَحَكَ اَللَّهُ مَا أَيْسَرُ مَا يَدْخُلُ بِهِ اَلْعَبْدُ اَلنَّارَ قَالَ «مَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْ مَالِ اَلْيَتِيمِ دِرْهَماً وَ نَحْنُ اَلْيَتِيمُ ».

It is narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Ja’far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) "May Allah (swt) keep you well, what is the simplest way for a person to enter the Fire?" Imam (a.s) replied: "Whoever consumes a dirham from the wealth of the orphan - and we are the orphan."

وَ سَأَلَ زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ مَالِكٍ اَلْجُعْفِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ « وَ اِعْلَمُوا أَنَّمٰا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلّٰهِ خُمُسَهُ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ وَ لِذِي اَلْقُرْبىٰ وَ اَلْيَتٰامىٰ وَ اَلْمَسٰاكِينِ وَ اِبْنِ اَلسَّبِيلِ » قَالَ «أَمَّا خُمُسُ اَللَّهِ فَلِلرَّسُولِ يَضَعُهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ وَ أَمَّا خُمُسُ اَلرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَلِأَقَارِبِهِ وَ خُمُسُ ذِي اَلْقُرْبَى فَهُمْ أَقْرِبَاؤُهُ وَ اَلْيَتَامَى يَتَامَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فَجَعَلَ هَذِهِ اَلْأَرْبَعَةَ اَلْأَسْهُمِ فِيهِمْ وَ أَمَّا اَلْمَسَاكِينُ وَ أَبْنَاءُ اَلسَّبِيلِ فَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ أَنَّا لاَ نَأْكُلُ اَلصَّدَقَةَ وَ لاَ تَحِلُّ لَنَا فَهِيَ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ وَ أَبْنَاءِ اَلسَّبِيلِ ».

Zakariya ibn Malik al-Ju'fi asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about the verse of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "And know that whatever you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah (swt), the Messenger, the near relatives, the orphans, the needy, and the traveler" (Surah Al-Anfal 8:41). The Imam (a.s) replied: "As for the share of Allah (swt), it is for the Messenger to spend in the way of Allah (swt). The share of the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, is for his relatives. The share of 'those near' is for his close family. The orphans are the orphans of his household, so these four shares are allocated to them. As for the needy and the travelers, you know that we do not eat from charity, nor is it permissible for us. Thus, it is for the needy and the travelers outside our family."

وَ فِي تَوْقِيعَاتِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْهَمَذَانِيِّ: «إِنَّ اَلْخُمُسَ بَعْدَ اَلْمَئُونَةِ».

In one of the writings of al-Ridha (Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha (a.s)) addressed to Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Hamadhani, it is stated: "Khums is due after deducting expenses."

وَ رَوَى أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ اَلْحَذَّاءُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا ذِمِّيٍّ اِشْتَرَى مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ أَرْضاً فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْخُمُسُ».

Abu Ubaydah al-Haddha’ narrated from Abu Ja’far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) who said: "Any non-Muslim under the protection of Islam (dhimmi) who buys land from a Muslim is obligated to pay Khums on it."

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَشَدَّ مَا فِيهِ اَلنَّاسُ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ أَنْ يَقُومَ صَاحِبُ اَلْخُمُسِ فَيَقُولَ يَا رَبِّ خُمُسِي وَ قَدْ طَيَّبْنَا ذَلِكَ لِشِيعَتِنَا لِتَطِيبَ وِلاَدَتُهُمْ أَوْ لِتَزْكُوَ وِلاَدَتُهُمْ ».

Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from one of them (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir or Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s)) who said: "The most severe situation for people on the Day of Resurrection will be when the rightful owner of Khums stands and says, 'O Lord (azj), where is my Khums?' We have made it permissible for our Shia so that their offspring may be purified or so that their lineage may be pure."

وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَصَبْتُ مَالاً أَغْمَضْتُ فِيهِ أَ فَلِي تَوْبَةٌ قَالَ «اِئْتِنِي بِخُمُسِهِ» فَأَتَاهُ بِخُمُسِهِ فَقَالَ «هُوَ لَكَ إِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ إِذَا تَابَ تَابَ مَالُهُ مَعَهُ.

A man came to Amir al-Mu'minin (Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s)) and said: "O Amir al-Mu'minin, I have acquired wealth through questionable means. Is there repentance for me?" The Imam (a.s) replied: "Bring me its Khums." The man brought him the Khums, and the Imam (a.s) said: "It is yours. When a person repents, his wealth repents with him."

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ هَؤُلاَءِ زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ أَوْ خُمُسَ غَنِيمَتِهِ أَوْ خُمُسَ مَا يَخْرُجُ لَهُ مِنَ اَلْمَعَادِنِ أَ يُحْسَبُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فِي زَكَاتِهِ وَ خُمُسِهِ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ».

Abu al-Hasan (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s)) was asked about a man from whom others take the Zakat of his wealth, the Khums of his spoils, or the Khums of what he extracts from the mines: "Is that counted for him as fulfilling his Zakat and Khums obligations?" The Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلثَّالِثِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّا نُؤْتَى بِالشَّيْءِ فَيُقَالُ هَذَا كَانَ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عِنْدَنَا فَكَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ «مَا كَانَ لِأَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِسَبَبِ اَلْإِمَامَةِ فَهُوَ لِي وَ مَا كَانَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ مِيرَاثٌ عَلَى كِتَابِ اَللَّهِ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ».

It is narrated from Abu Ali ibn Rashid, who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan al-Thalith (Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (a.s)) "We are sometimes brought something, and it is said, 'This belonged to Abu Ja'far (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Jawad (a.s)) and is now with us.' What should we do with it?" The Imam (a.s) replied: "Whatever belonged to my father (a.s) due to his position as the Imam is now mine. As for anything else, it is inheritance distributed according to the Book of Allah (swt) and the Sunnah of His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family."

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنِّي لآَخُذُ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمُ اَلدِّرْهَمَ وَ إِنِّي لَمِنْ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ اَلْمَدِينَةِ مَالاً مَا أُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ إِلاَّ أَنْ تُطَهَّرُوا ».

Abdullah ibn Bukayr narrated from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) who said: "I take a dirham from one of you, while I am among the wealthiest people in Medina. I do this only so that you may be purified."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ اَلْقَمَّاطِينَ فَقَالَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ تَقَعُ فِي أَيْدِينَا اَلْأَرْبَاحُ وَ اَلْأَمْوَالُ وَ تِجَارَاتٌ نَعْرِفُ أَنَّ حَقَّكَ فِيهَا ثَابِتٌ وَ إِنَّا عَنْ ذَلِكَ مُقَصِّرُونَ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «مَا أَنْصَفْنَاكُمْ إِنْ كَلَّفْنَاكُمْ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمَ ».

It is narrated from Yunus ibn Ya’qub, who said: I was with Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) when a man from among the merchants entered and said: "May I be your ransom! We come across profits, wealth, and trade, and we know that your right in them is established, yet we fall short in fulfilling that." The Imam (a.s) replied: "We would not be just to you if we demanded that of you today."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابٍ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْ مَأْكَلِهِ وَ مَشْرَبِهِ مِنَ اَلْخُمُسِ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِخَطِّهِ «مَنْ أَعْوَزَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ حَقِّي فَهُوَ فِي حِلٍّ ».

It is narrated from Ali ibn Mahziar, who said: I read in a letter from Abu Ja'far (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Jawad (a.s)) to a man who asked him for permission regarding his consumption of food and drink from the Khums: The Imam (a.s) wrote in his own handwriting: "Whoever is in need of any part of my right is granted permission."

وَ رَوَى أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ لاَ وَارِثَ لَهُ وَ لاَ مَوْلًى لَهُ فَقَالَ «هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةِ « يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفٰالِ » ».

Aban ibn Taghlib narrated from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) regarding a man who dies without any heirs or any master (to whom he is affiliated): The Imam (a.s) said: "He falls under the category mentioned in this verse: 'They ask you about the spoils (anfal)...' (Surah Al-Anfal 8:1)."

وَ رَوَى عَنْهُ دَاوُدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ اَلرَّقِّيُّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَلنَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ يَعِيشُونَ فِي فَضْلِ مَظْلِمَتِنَا إِلاَّ أَنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا شِيعَتِنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ».

It is narrated from Dawud ibn Kathir al-Riqqi that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Indeed, all people live off the remnants of the injustice done to us, except that we have made it permissible for our Shia."

وَ رَوَى حَفْصُ بْنُ اَلْبَخْتَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ جَبْرَئِيلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَرَى بِرِجْلِهِ خَمْسَةَ أَنْهَارٍ وَ لِسَانُ اَلْمَاءِ يَتْبَعُهُ، اَلْفُرَاتَ وَ دِجْلَةَ وَ نِيلَ مِصْرَ وَ مِهْرَانَ وَ نَهَرَ بَلْخٍ فَمَا سَقَتْ أَوْ سُقِيَ مِنْهَا فَلِلْإِمَامِ وَ اَلْبَحْرُ اَلْمُطِيفُ بِالدُّنْيَا».

Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari narrated from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) who said: "Archangel Jibril (a.s) struck the earth with his foot, creating five rivers, and the flow of water followed him: the Euphrates, the Tigris, the Nile of Egypt, the Mehran, and the river of Balkh. Whatever is irrigated by them or watered from them belongs to the Imam. This includes the encompassing ocean of the world."