Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

قال الشيخ السعيد الفقيه أبو جعفر محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن موسى بن بابويه القمي مصنف هذا الكتاب رحمة الله عليه: إن الله تبارك وتعالى يقول: " وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ طَهُورًۭا. ويقول عز وجل: " وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۢ بِقَدَرٍۢ فَأَسْكَنَّـٰهُ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ ذَهَابٍۭ بِهِۦ لَقَـٰدِرُونَ. ويقول عز وجل: " وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِ. فأصل الماء كله من السماء وهو طهور كله، وماء البحر طهور، وماء البئر طهور.

The virtuous scholar, jurist Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hussain ibn Musa ibn Babawayh al-Qummi, the author of this book, may God have mercy on him, said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, says: 'And We sent down from the sky pure water' (Surah Al Furqan 25:48). And He, Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And We sent down from the sky water in due measure, and We settled it in the earth, and indeed We are able to take it away' (Surah Al Mu'minun 23:18). And He, Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And He sent down upon you water from the sky to purify you with it' (Surah Al-Anfal 8:11). Therefore, all water originates from the sky, and all of it is purifying. Sea water is pure, and well water is pure."

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كُلُّ مَاءٍ طَاهِرٌ إِلاَّ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ قَذِرٌ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "All water is pure except for that which you know to be impure."

وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْمَاءُ يُطَهِّرُ وَ لاَ يُطَهَّرُ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Water purifies, but is not purified itself”.

فمتى وجدت ماء ولم تعلم فيه نجاسة فتوضأ منه واشرب، وإن وجدت فيه ما ينجسه فلا تتوضأ منه ولا تشرب إلا في حال الاضطرار فتشرب منه ولا تتوضأ منه وتيمم إلا أن يكون الماء كرا فلا بأس بأن تتوضأ منه وتشرب، وقع فيه شئ أو لم يقع، ما لم يتغير ريح الماء، فإن تغير فلا تشربه ولا تتوض منه. والكر ما يكون ثلاثة أشبار طولا، في عرض ثلاثة أشبار، في عمق ثلاثة أشبار. وبالوزن ألف ومائتا رطل بالمدني

So when you find water and are unsure of its impurity, you may perform ablution from it and drink. However, if you find something (within it) that contaminates it, do not perform ablution or drink from it unless in a state of necessity. In that case, you may drink from it but not perform ablution, but instead perform Tayammum unless the water is abundant, in which case it is permissible to both perform ablution and drink from it - regardless of whether something has fallen into it or not, as long as the smell of the water has not changed. If it has changed, do not drink from it or perform ablution with it. Measure of one Kurr is three spans long, three spans wide, and three spans deep. It is weighing one thousand two hundred Ratl in Madina terms.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا كَانَ اَلْمَاءُ قَدْرَ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ وَ اَلْقُلَّتَانِ جَرَّتَانِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s), said: "If the water is the amount of two qullas, nothing can make it impure, and two qullas are (equal to) two jars”.

ولا بأس بالوضوء والغسل من الجنابة والاستياك بماء الورد والماء الذي تسخنه الشمس لا تتوضأ به، ولا تغتسل به من الجنابة، ولا تعجن به لأنه يورث البرص. ولا بأس بأن يتوضأ الرجل بالماء الحميم الحار. ولا يفسد الماء إلا ما كانت له نفس سائلة. وكل ما وقع في الماء مما ليس له دم فلا بأس باستعماله والوضوء منه مات فيه أو لم يمت. فإن كان معك إناءان فوقع في أحدهما ما ينجس الماء ولم تعلم في أيهما وقع فأهرقهما جميعا وتيمم. ولو أن ميزابين سالا: ميزاب بول وميزاب ماء فاختلطا ثم أصاب ثوبك منه لم يكن به بأس.

There is no harm in performing ablution, washing after major impurity (ghusl), or using rose water for cleansing. However, do not use water heated by the sun for ablution, washing after major impurity, or kneading dough, as it is said to cause leprosy. There is no harm in performing ablution with hot water. Water is only corrupted (rendered impure) by substances that have a flowing soul (i.e., those that bleed). Any object that falls into water and does not have blood may still be used for ablution and other uses, regardless of whether it died in the water or not. If you have two containers and something that makes water impure falls into one of them, but you do not know which, pour out both and perform tayammum (dry ablution). If water from two drainpipes flows down, one with urine and the other with pure water, and they mix and get on your clothes, there is no harm.

وَ سَأَلَ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلسَّطْحِ يُبَالُ عَلَيْهِ فَتُصِيبُهُ اَلسَّمَاءُ فَيَكِفُ فَيُصِيبُ اَلثَّوْبَ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ مَا أَصَابَهُ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ.

Hisham ibn Salim asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man urinating on a roof, then rain falls on it causing water to drip onto clothes. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm in it as long as the water that hits it is more than the urine”.

وَ سُئِلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ طِينِ اَلْمَطَرِ يُصِيبُ اَلثَّوْبَ فِيهِ اَلْبَوْلُ وَ اَلْعَذِرَةُ وَ اَلدَّمُ فَقَالَ «طِينُ اَلْمَطَرِ لاَ يُنَجِّسُ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about rain-soaked mud that gets on clothes, which may contain urine, feces, and blood. Imam (a.s) said: "Rain-soaked mud does not make (the clothes) impure”.

وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْبَيْتِ يُبَالُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ وَ يُغْتَسَلُ مِنَ اَلْجَنَابَةِ ثُمَّ يُصِيبُهُ اَلْمَطَرُ أَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ مَائِهِ فَيُتَوَضَّأَ بِهِ لِلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ «إِذَا جَرَى فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother, Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a roof where people urinate and perform ritual washing after major impurity (ghusl), and then it rains. He asked: "Can the water that flows from it be used for ablution (wudu) for prayer?" Imam (a.s) said: "If it flows, there is no harm in it."

وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُرُّ فِي مَاءِ اَلْمَطَرِ وَ قَدْ صُبَّ فِيهِ خَمْرٌ فَأَصَابَ ثَوْبَهُ هَلْ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْسِلَهُ فَقَالَ «لاَ يَغْسِلُ ثَوْبَهُ وَ لاَ رِجْلَهُ وَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Ali ibn Ja'far asked Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) was asked about a man who walks through rainwater into which wine has been poured in and it gets on his clothes. Should he wash it before praying in those clothes? Imam (a.s) said: "He does not need to wash his clothes or his feet, and he may pray in them, and there is no harm in it."

وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارٌ اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْقَيْءِ يُصِيبُ اَلثَّوْبَ فَلاَ يُغْسَلُ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Ammar al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about vomit that gets on clothing and is not washed off. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm in it."

وقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَجْتَرُّ فَسُؤْرُهُ حَلاَلٌ وَ لُعَابُهُ حَلاَلٌ.

The Messenger of Allah (saws), said: "Everything that chews the cud—its leftover water and saliva are permissible."

وأَتَى أَهْلُ اَلْبَادِيَةِ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ إِنَّ حِيَاضَنَا هَذِهِ تَرِدُهَا اَلسِّبَاعُ وَ اَلْكِلاَبُ وَ اَلْبَهَائِمُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ «لَهَا مَا أَخَذَتْ أَفْوَاهُهَا وَ لَكُمْ سَائِرُ ذَلِكَ.

The people of the desert came to the Messenger of Allah (saws) and said: "O’ Messenger of Allah (saws), our water reservoirs are frequented by wild animals, dogs, and livestock." He (saws) said to them: "What they take with their mouths is for them, and the rest is for you”.

وإن شرب من الماء دابة أو حمار أو بغل أو شاة أو بقرة أو بعير فلا بأس باستعماله والوضوء منه. فإن وقع وزغ في إناء فيه ماء أهريق ذلك الماء. وإن ولغ فيه كلب أو شرب منه أهريق الماء وغسل الإناء ثلاث مرات: مرة بالتراب ومرتين بالماء ثم يجفف. وأما الماء الآجن فيجب التنزه عنه إلا أن يكون لا يوجد غيره. ولا بأس بالوضوء بماء يشرب منه السنور، ولا بأس بشربه.

If a beast, donkey, mule, sheep, cow, or camel drinks from water, there is no harm in using it and performing ablution with it. However, if a lizard falls into a vessel of water, the water should be poured out. If a dog licks the vessel or drinks from it, the water should be poured out, and the vessel washed three times: once with earth and twice with water, then dried. As for stagnant water with an unpleasant odor, it is best to avoid it, unless no other water is available. There is no harm in performing ablution with water from which a cat has drunk, and there is no harm in drinking it.

وقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنِّي لاَ أَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ طَعَامٍ طَعِمَ مِنْهُ اَلسِّنَّوْرُ وَ لاَ مِنْ شَرَابٍ شَرِبَ مِنْهُ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "I do not refrain from food that a cat has tasted, nor from drink that it has sipped."

ولا يجوز الوضوء بسؤر اليهودي والنصراني وولد الزنا والمشرك وكل من خالف الاسلام، وأشد من ذلك سؤر الناصب. وماء الحمام سبيله سبيل الماء الجاري إذا كانت له مادة.

It is not permissible to perform ablution with the leftover water of a Jew, a Christian, someone born out of wedlock, a polytheist, or anyone who opposes Islam. Even more prohibited is the leftover water of a nasibi (one hostile to the family of the Prophet). The water of a public bath is treated like flowing water if it has a continuous source.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلْمَاءِ اَلَّذِي تَبُولُ فِيهِ اَلدَّوَابُّ وَ تَلَغُ فِيهِ اَلْكِلاَبُ وَ يَغْتَسِلُ فِيهِ اَلْجُنُبُ «إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ قَدْرَ كُرٍّ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Regarding water into which animals urinate, dogs drink, or someone performs ghusl (ritual washing after major impurity): "If it reaches the amount of a kurr (a specific measure), then nothing can make it impure”.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كَانَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذَا أَصَابَ أَحَدَهُمْ قَطْرَةُ بَوْلٍ قَرَضُوا لُحُومَهُمْ بِالْمَقَارِيضِ وَ قَدْ وَسَّعَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ بِأَوْسَعِ مَا بَيْنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ وَ اَلْأَرْضِ وَ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اَلْمَاءَ طَهُوراً فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ تَكُونُونَ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The Children of Israel, if a drop of urine touched them, they would cut away the affected flesh with scissors. But Allah (swt), Mighty and Exalted, has granted you vast leniency—wider than the space between the heavens and the earth—and has made water purifying for you. So, consider how you conduct yourselves (at removing impurities)”.

فإن دخلت حية في حب ماء وخرجت منه صب من الماء ثلاث أكف، و استعمل الباقي، وقليله وكثيره بمنزلة واحدة. ولا بأس بأن يستقى الماء بحبل أتخذ من شعر الخنزير.

If a snake enters a water container and then exits, pour out three handfuls of the water and use the rest; a small or large amount of water is treated the same. There is also no harm in drawing water with a rope made from pig hair.

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ جِلْدِ اَلْخِنْزِيرِ يُجْعَلُ دَلْواً يُسْتَقَى بِهِ اَلْمَاءُ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about the use of pig skin to make a bucket for drawing water. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm in it”.

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ جُلُودِ اَلْمَيْتَةِ يُجْعَلُ فِيهَا اَللَّبَنُ وَ اَلْمَاءُ وَ اَلسَّمْنُ مَا تَرَى فِيهِ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَجْعَلَ فِيهَا مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ مَاءٍ أَوْ لَبَنٍ أَوْ سَمْنٍ وَ تَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْهُ وَ تَشْرَبَ وَ لَكِنْ لاَ تُصَلِّ فِيهَا.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about the skins of dead animals used to hold milk, water, or clarified butter. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm in putting whatever you like in them—water, milk, or clarified butter—and using it for ablution and drinking. However, do not pray in it (i.e., in clothes made from it)”.

لا بأس بالوضوء بفضل الجنب والحائض ما لم يوجد غيره، وإن توضأ رجل من الماء المتغير أو اغتسل أو غسل ثوبه فعليه إعادة الوضوء والغسل والصلاة وغسل الثوب وكل آنية صب فيها ذلك الماء. فإن دخل رجل الحمام ولم يكن عنده ما يغرف به ويداه قذرتان ضرب يده في الماء وقال: بسم الله وهذا مما قال الله عز وجل: " كُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍۢ ۚ. وكذلك الجنب إذا انتهى إلى الماء القليل فالطريق ولم يكن معه إناء يغرف به ويداه قذرتان يفعل مثل ذلك

It is permissible to perform ablution with the leftover water of someone in a state of major impurity (junub) or a menstruating woman, if no other water is available. If a man performs ablution or washing with impure water or washes his clothes with it, he must repeat the ablution, washing, prayer, and the washing of the clothes, as well as any vessel into which the water was poured. If someone enters a public bath without a clean scoop and his hands are impure, he may dip his hand in the water while saying, "In the name of Allah (swt)." This aligns with what Allah (swt), the Mighty and Exalted, says: "And He has not placed upon you in the religion any hardship" (Surah Al Hajj 22:78). Similarly, if a person in a state of major impurity (junub) reaches a small amount of water on the road without a clean container to draw it and has impure hands, he should do the same.

وَ سُئِلَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ فَضْلِ وَضُوءِ جَمَاعَةِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَوْ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ رَكْوٍ أَبْيَضَ مُخَمَّرٍ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَلْ مِنْ فَضْلِ وَضُوءِ جَمَاعَةِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ دِينِكُمْ إِلَى اَللَّهِ اَلْحَنِيفِيَّةُ اَلسَّمْحَةُ اَلسَّهْلَةُ.

Ameerul Momineen Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) was asked: "Is it better to perform ablution from the leftover water of a group of Muslims, or from a covered white jug?" Imam (a.s) said: "No, rather from the leftover water of the group of Muslims, for the most beloved aspect of your religion to Allah (swt) is the tolerant and agreeable monotheism."

فإن اجتمع مسلم مع ذمي في الحمام اغتسل المسلم من الحوض قبل الذمي. ولا يجوز التطهير بغسالة الحمام لأنه يجتمع في غسالة اليهودي والمجوسي والنصراني والمبغض لآل محمد عليهم السلام وهو أشرهم.

If a Muslim and a dhimmi (non-Muslim under protection) are together in a public bath, the Muslim should wash from the pool before the dhimmi. It is not permissible to purify with leftover water of the public bath, as it includes the washings of Jews, Zoroastrians, Christians, and those who harbor enmity toward the family of Muhammad (a.s), the last of whom are the worst of them.

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مُجْتَمَعِ اَلْمَاءِ فِي اَلْحَمَّامِ مِنْ غُسَالَةِ اَلنَّاسِ يُصِيبُ اَلثَّوْبَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) was asked about the collected water in a public bath from people’s washings, which may get onto clothes. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm in it”.

ولا بأس بالوضوء بالماء المستعمل، وكان النبي صلى الله عليه وآله إذا توضأ أخذ الناس ما يسقط من وضوئه فيتوضؤوا به. والماء الذي يتوضأ به الرجل في شئ نظيف فلا بأس أن يأخذه غيره فيتوضأ به، فأما الماء الذي يغسل به الثوب أو يغتسل به من الجنابة أو تزال به نجاسة فلا يتوضأ به.

There is also no harm in performing ablution with used water. When The Prophet (saws) performed ablution, people would take the leftover water from his ablution to perform their own. If a person performs ablution in a clean vessel, there is no harm in someone else using that water for ablution. However, water used to wash clothes, to wash after major impurity (ghusl), or to remove impurities should not be used for ablution.

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مَاءٍ شَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ دَجَاجَةٌ فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ فِي مِنْقَارِهَا قَذَرٌ لَمْ يُتَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ وَ لَمْ تَشْرَبْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْلَمْ فِي مِنْقَارِهَا قَذَرٌ تَوَضَّأْ مِنْهُ وَ اِشْرَبْ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about water from which a chicken had drunk. Imam (a.s) said: "If there is known dirt on its beak, do not perform ablution with it or drink from it. But if there is no known dirt on its beak, you may perform ablution with it and drink from it."

وكل ما أكل لحمه فلا بأس بالوضوء والشرب من ماء شرب منه، ولا بأس بالوضوء من ماء شرب منه باز أو صقر أو عقاب ما لم ير في منقاره دم، فان رئي في منقاره دم لم يتوضأ منه ولم يشرب. فإن رعف رجل فامتخط فصار ذلك الدم قطرا صغارا فأصاب إناءه ولم يستبن ذلك في الماء فلا بأس بالوضوء منه، وإن كان شئ بين فيه لم يجز الوضوء منه. والدجاجة والطير وأشباههما إذا وطئ شئ منها العذرة ثم دخل الماء فلا يجوز الوضوء منه إلا أن يكون الماء كرا. فإن سقط في راوية ماء فأرة أو جرذ أو صعوة ميتة فتفسخ فيها لم يجز شربه ولا الوضوء منه، وإن كان غير متفسخ فلا بأس بشربه والوضوء منه وتطرح الميتة إذا خرجت طرية، وكذلك الجرة وحب الماء والقربة وأشباه ذلك من أوعية الماء. فإن وقعت فارة أو غيرها من الدواب في بئر ماء فماتت فعجن من مائها فلا بأس بأكل ذلك الخبز إذا أصابته النار

Any animal whose meat is lawful to eat does not render water impure by drinking from it, so ablution and drinking from it are permitted. Ablution with water from which a hawk, falcon, or eagle has drunk is also permissible, provided there is no visible blood on its beak. If blood is seen on its beak, do not use the water for ablution or drinking. If a person has a nosebleed, and a few small drops of blood fall into their container without visibly affecting the water, ablution from it is allowed. However, if the blood is clearly noticeable in the water, it is not permissible to use it for ablution. If a chicken, bird, or similar animal steps on dung and then enters water, ablution with that water is not allowed unless it is a large quantity (kurr). If a dead mouse, rat, or small bird falls into a water container and decays, it is not permitted to drink from or use that water for ablution. If the animal has not decayed, there is no harm in drinking from or using the water for ablution; simply remove the dead animal if it is still fresh. This applies to containers like jars, water pitchers, or skins. If a mouse or similar animal falls into a well and dies, and bread is kneaded with that well’s water, it is permissible to eat the bread if it has been baked in fire.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَكَلَتِ اَلنَّارُ مَا فِيهِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The fire consumes what is within it."

فإن وقعت فارة في خابية فيها سمن أو زيت أو عسل وكان جامدا أخذت الفارة مع ما حولها واستعمل الباقي وأكل، وكذلك إذا وقعت في الدقيق وأشباهه، فإن وقعت الفارة في دهن غير جامد فلا بأس أن يستصبح به، فإن وقعت فارة في حب دهن فأخرجت منه قبل أن تموت فلا بأس بأن يدهن منه ويباع من مسلم.

If a mouse falls into a container of solidified fat, oil, or honey, remove the mouse along with some of the surrounding substance, and the rest can be used and eaten. The same applies if a mouse falls into flour or similar substances. However, if a mouse falls into liquid oil, it is permissible to use that oil as a fuel for lighting. If a mouse falls into a container of oil but is removed before it dies, it is permissible to use that oil for anointing or to sell it to a Muslim.

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ بِئْرٍ اُسْتُقِيَ مِنْهَا فَتُوُضِّئَ بِهِ وَ غُسِلَ بِهِ اَلثِّيَابُ وَ عُجِنَ بِهِ ثُمَّ عُلِمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهَا مَيْتَةٌ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ وَ لاَ يُغْسَلُ اَلثَّوْبُ مِنْهُ وَ لاَ تُعَادُ مِنْهُ اَلصَّلاَةُ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a well from which water was drawn for ablution, washing clothes, and kneading dough, and then it was discovered that there was a dead animal in it. Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm, and the clothes do not need to be washed again, nor does the prayer need to be repeated”.

والفأرة والكلب إذا أكلا من الخبز أو شماه فإنه يترك ما شماه ويؤكل ما بقي. ولا بأس بالوضوء من الحياض التي يبال فيها إذا غلب لون الماء البول، وإن غلب لون البول الماء فلا يتوضأ منها. ولا يجوز التوضؤ باللبن لان الوضوء إنما هو بالماء أو الصعيد. ولا بأس بالتوضؤ بالنبيذ لان النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قد توضأ به وكان ذلك ماء قد نبذت فيه تميرات وكان صافيا فوقها فتوضأ به، فإذا غير التمر لون الماء لم يجز الوضوء به والنبيذ الذي يتوضأ وأحل شربه هو الذي ينبذ بالغداة ويشرب بالعشي، أو ينبذ بالعشي ويشرب بالغداة. فإن اغتسل الرجل في وهدة وخشي أن يرجع ما ينصب عنه إلى الماء الذي يغتسل منه أخذ كفا وصبه أمامه وكفا عن يمينه وكفا عن يساره وكفا من خلفه واغتسل منه. فإن انتضح على ثياب الرجل أو على بدنه من الماء الذي يستنجى به فلا بأس بذلك. فإن ترشش من يده في الاناء أو انصب في الأرض فوقع في الاناء فلا بأس به وكذلك في الاغتسال من الجنابة. وإن وقعت ميتة في ماء جار فلا بأس بالوضوء من الجانب الذي ليس فيه الميتة.

If a mouse or dog has eaten or sniffed a piece of bread, set aside the part that was sniffed or eaten and consume the rest. There is no harm in performing ablution with water from reservoirs in which urine has been introduced if the color of the water overpowers the urine. However, if the urine overpowers the water, it should not be used for ablution. It is not permissible to perform ablution with milk, as ablution should be done with water or clean earth (tayammum). It is permissible to perform ablution with nabidh (a drink), as The Prophet (saws) performed ablution with it. This was water in which a few dates were soaked, leaving a clear liquid on top. If the dates change the color of the water, it should not be used for ablution. The type of nabidh allowed for ablution and drinking is one in which dates are soaked in the morning and drunk in the evening, or soaked in the evening and drunk in the morning. If a person performs ghusl (ritual washing) in a low area and fears that water will flow back into the area from which they are washing, they should pour one handful of water in front of them, one to their right, one to their left, and one behind them, then proceed with the washing. If water splashes onto a person’s clothes or body from the water used for cleansing (istinja), there is no harm (for ablution). If water splashes from one’s hand into a container or spills onto the ground and then falls into the container, there is no harm. The same applies during ghusl from major impurity. If a dead animal falls into flowing water, there is no harm in performing ablution from the side of the water that is free of the dead animal.

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَاءِ اَلسَّاكِنِ تَكُونُ فِيهِ اَلْجِيفَةُ قَالَ «يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنَ اَلْجَانِبِ اَلْآخَرِ وَ لاَ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ جَانِبِ اَلْجِيفَةِ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about stagnant water that contains a dead animal. Imam (a.s) said: "Perform ablution from the other side and not from the side where the dead animal is".

وَ سُئِلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ غَدِيرٍ فِيهِ جِيفَةٌ فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ اَلْمَاءُ قَاهِراً لَهَا لاَ تُوجَدُ اَلرِّيحُ مِنْهُ فَتَوَضَّأْ وَ اِغْتَسِلْ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a pond with a dead animal in it. Imam (a.s) said: "If the water overpowers it so that no odor is detectable, then perform ablution and ghusl with it”.

ومن أجنب في سفر [ه] فلم يجد إلا الثلج فلا بأس بأن يغتسل به، ولا بأس بأن يتوضأ به أيضا يدلك به جلده. ولا بأس أن يغرف الجنب الماء من الحب بيده. وإن اغتسل الجنب فنزا الماء من الأرض فوقع في الاناء، أو سال من بدنه في الاناء فلا بأس به. ولا بأس بأن يغتسل الرجل والمرأة من إناء واحد، ولكن تغتسل بفضله ولا يغتسل بفضلها. وأكبر ما يقع في البئر الانسان فيموت فيها فينزح منها سبعون دلوا وأصغر ما يقع فيها الصعوة فينزح منها دلو واحد، وفيما بين الانسان والصعوة على قدر ما يقع فيها، فإن وقع فيها فارة ولم تتفسخ ينزح منها دلو واحد، وإذا انفسخت فسبع دلاء وإن وقع فيها حمار ينزح منها كر من ماء، وإن وقع فيها كلب نزح منها ثلاثون دلوا إلى أربعين دلوا، وإن وقع فيها سنور نزح منها سبعة دلاء، وإن وقع فيها دجاجة أو حمامة نزح منها سبعة دلاء وإن وقع فيها بعير أو ثور أو صب فيها خمر نزح الماء كله، وإن قطر فيها قطرات من دم استقي منها دلاء، وإن بال فيها رجل استقى منها أربعون دلوا، وان فيها صبي قد اكل الطعام استقى منها ثلاث دلاء، وإن كان رضيعا استقى منها دلو واحد، فإن وقع في البئر زبيل من عذرة رطبة أو يابسة أو زبيل من سرقين فلا بأس بالوضوء منها ولا ينزح منها شئ هذا إذا كانت في زبيل ولم ينزل منه شئ في البئر، ومتى وقعت في البئر عذرة استقي منها عشرة دلاء فإن ذابت فيها استقي انها أربعون دلوا إلى خمسين دلوا. والبئر إذا كان إلى جانبها كنيف فإن كانت الأرض صلبة فينبغي أن يكون بينهما خمسة أذرع وإن كانت رخوة فسبعة أذرع

If one becomes ritually impure (junub) while traveling and only has snow, it is permissible to perform ghusl with it, as well as ablution by rubbing it on the skin. It is also permissible for a person in a state of major impurity to scoop water from a container with his hand. If he performs ghusl and water splashes from the ground into a container, or runs from his body into a container, there is no harm in it. It is also permissible for a man and woman to perform ghusl from the same container, but She should use his leftover water, and he should not use hers. The most significant impurity that may fall into a well is a human who dies in it, requiring seventy buckets of water to be drawn. The smallest is a small bird, requiring one bucket. For other cases, the amount depends on the item: If a mouse falls in and does not decay, draw one bucket; if decayed, draw seven (and discard). If a donkey falls in, draw a kurr (large quantity) of water (and discard). If a dog falls in, draw thirty to forty buckets (and discard). If a cat falls in, draw seven buckets (and discard). If a chicken or pigeon falls in, draw seven buckets (and discard). If a camel, cow, or wine is poured in, the entire well’s water must be drawn out (and discard). If a few drops of blood fall in, a few buckets are sufficient (and discard). If a man urinates in the well, forty buckets should be drawn (and discard). If a child who has eaten solid food urinates, draw three buckets; if an infant, draw one bucket (and discard). If a basket of fresh or dry feces or manure falls in, there is no harm in using the well for ablution, provided no contents spilled into the water. If feces fall in directly, draw ten buckets ; if it dissolves, draw forty to fifty buckets needs to be drawn from it. If a well is near a cesspit, the distance should be five arm-lengths if the ground is solid, or seven if it is soft.

وَقَالَ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَيْسَ يُكْرَهُ مِنْ قُرْبٍ وَ لاَ بُعْدِ بِئْرٌ يُغْتَسَلُ مِنْهَا وَ يُتَوَضَّأُ مَا لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرِ اَلْمَاءُ.

Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (a.s) said: "A well from which water is used for ghusl (ritual washing) and ablution is not disliked, whether it is near or far, as long as the water does not change (in smell, color, or taste)”.

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نَزَلْنَا فِي دَارٍ فِيهَا بِئْرٌ إِلَى جَنْبِهَا بَالُوعَةٌ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلاَّ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ذِرَاعَيْنِ فَامْتَنَعُوا مِنَ اَلْوُضُوءِ مِنْهَا فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ فَقَالَ «تَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهَا فَإِنَّ لِتِلْكَ اَلْبَالُوعَةِ مَجَارِيَ تُصَبُّ فِي وَادٍ يَنْصَبُّ فِي اَلْبَحْرِ.

It was narrated from Abu Basir that Imam (a.s) said: "We stayed in a house with a well beside a drain, with only about two arm-lengths between them. The people refrained from performing ablution from it, which caused them difficulty. So we went to Abu Abdullah (a.s) and informed him. Imam (a.s) said: 'Perform ablution from it, for that drain has channels that flow into a valley, which leads to the sea.'".

ومتى وقع في البئر شئ فتغير ريح الماء وجب أن ينزح الماء كله، وإن كان كثيرا وصعب نزحه فالواجب أن يتكارى عليه أربعة رجال يستقون منها على التراوح من الغدوة إلى الليل. وأما ماء الحمآت فإن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله نما نهى أن يستشفى بها ولم ينه عن التوضؤ بها وهي المياه الحارة التي تكون في الجبال يشم منها رائحة الكبريت.

If something falls into a well and changes the smell of the water, all the water must be drawn out. If the amount is large and difficult to draw, it is obligatory to hire four men to draw from it in turns from morning until evening. As for water from sulfur springs, The Prophet (saws) forbade using it for medicinal purposes but did not prohibit ablution with it. These are the hot waters found in the mountains that have a sulfur smell.

وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّهَا مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ.»

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: ""Indeed, it (hot water) is from the heat of Hell."

وإن قطر خمر أو نبيذ في عجين فقد فسد فلا بأس ببيعه من اليهود والنصارى بعد أن يبين لهم والفقاع مثل ذلك.

If wine or nabidh (fermented drink) falls into dough, it becomes impure and spoiled. However, it is permissible to sell it to Jews and Christians after informing them of the impurity. The same rule applies to fuqqa‘ (a type of fermented drink).

وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَجِدُ فِي إِنَائِهِ فَأْرَةً وَ قَدْ تَوَضَّأَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ اَلْإِنَاءِ مِرَاراً وَ اِغْتَسَلَ مِنْهُ أَوْ غَسَلَ ثِيَابَهُ وَ قَدْ كَانَتِ اَلْفَأْرَةُ مُنْسَلِخَةً فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ رَآهَا فِي اَلْإِنَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأَ أَوْ يَغْسِلَ ثِيَابَهُ ثُمَّ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا رَآهَا فِي اَلْإِنَاءِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ ثِيَابَهُ وَ يَغْسِلَ كُلَّ مَا أَصَابَهُ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَاءُ وَ يُعِيدَ اَلْوُضُوءَ وَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا رَآهَا بَعْدَ مَا فَرَغَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ فِعْلِهِ فَلاَ يَمَسَّ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ شَيْئاً وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّهُ لاَ يَعْلَمُ مَتَى سَقَطَتْ فِيهِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ إِنَّمَا سَقَطَتْ فِيهِ تِلْكَ اَلسَّاعَةَ اَلَّتِي رَآهَا.

Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who finds a dead mouse in his container after having used it multiple times for ablution, ghusl (ritual washing), or washing his clothes. The mouse was already decayed. Imam (a.s) said: "If he saw it in the container before performing ablution, ghusl, or washing his clothes, and still used the water afterward, then he must wash his clothes, wash everything that came into contact with that water, and repeat his ablution and prayer. However, if he only noticed the mouse after he had finished, then he should avoid using the water, but he is not required to repeat anything, as he does not know when it fell into the container." Imam (a.s) said: "It is possible that it only fell into the container at the moment he saw it."

وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْجُنُبِ هَلْ يُجْزِيهِ عَنْ غُسْلِ اَلْجَنَابَةِ أَنْ يَقُومَ فِي اَلْمَطَرِ حَتَّى يُغْسَلَ رَأْسُهُ وَ جَسَدُهُ وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى مَاءٍ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ «إِذَا غَسَلَهُ اِغْتِسَالَهُ بِالْمَاءِ أَجْزَأَهُ ذَلِكَ.

Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a man in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) : Would it suffice for him to stand in the rain until his head and body are washed, if he also has access to other water? Imam (a.s) said: "If the rain washes him completely as it would with water for ghusl, then that suffices."

وَ رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «لاَ بَأْسَ بِسُؤْرِ اَلْفَأْرَةِ إِذَا شَرِبَتْ مِنَ اَلْإِنَاءِ أَنْ تَشْرَبَ مِنْهُ أَوْ تَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْهُ.

Ishaq ibn Ammar reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) that Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) used to say: "There is no harm in using the leftover water from which a mouse has drunk, for drinking or performing ablution."

والوزغة إذ وقعت في البئر نزح منها ثلاث دلاء. وإذا ذبح رجل طيرا مثل دجاجة أو حمامة فوقع بدمه في البئر نزح منها دلاء.

If a lizard falls into a well, three buckets should be drawn from it. If a man slaughters a bird, such as a chicken or a pigeon, and its blood falls into a well, a few buckets should be drawn from the well (and discarded).

وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ذَبَحَ شَاةً فَاضْطَرَبَتْ فَوَقَعَتْ فِي بِئْرِ مَاءٍ وَ أَوْدَاجُهَا تَشْخُبُ دَماً هَلْ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ تِلْكَ اَلْبِئْرِ قَالَ «يُنْزَحُ مِنْهَا مَا بَيْنَ ثَلاَثِينَ دَلْواً إِلَى أَرْبَعِينَ دَلْواً ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا.

Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a man who slaughtered a sheep, which then convulsed and fell into a well while its veins were still bleeding. He asked if one could perform ablution from that well. Imam (a.s) said: "Between thirty and forty buckets should be drawn from it, and then it may be used for ablution."

وَ سَأَلَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عُثَيْمٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: بِئْرُ مَاءٍ فِي مَائِهَا رِيحٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا قِطَعُ جُلُودٍ فَقَالَ «لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ لِأَنَّ اَلْوَزَغَ رُبَّمَا طَرَحَ جِلْدَهُ إِنَّمَا يَكْفِيكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ دَلْوٌ وَاحِدٌ.

Ya'qub ibn 'Uthaym asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a well of water that had a smell, and pieces of skin were coming out of it. Imam (a.s) said: "It is nothing (to worry about) because a lizard may sometimes shed its skin. Drawing one bucket is sufficient for that."

وَ سَأَلَ جَابِرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ اَلْجُعْفِيُّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلسَّامِّ أَبْرَصَ يَقَعُ فِي اَلْبِئْرِ فَقَالَ «لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ حَرِّكِ اَلْمَاءَ بِالدَّلْوِ.

Jabir ibn Yazid al-Ju'fi about a gecko falling into a well. Imam (a.s) said: "It is nothing (to worry about); stir the water with a bucket."

وَ سَأَلَهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عُثَيْمٍ عَنْ سَامِّ أَبْرَصَ وَجَدْنَاهُ فِي اَلْبِئْرِ قَدْ تَفَسَّخَ فَقَالَ «إِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَنْزَحَ مِنْهَا سَبْعَةَ دِلاَءٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ فَثِيَابُنَا قَدْ صَلَّيْنَا فِيهَا نَغْسِلُهَا وَ نُعِيدُ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَالَ لاَ.

Yaqub ibn Uthaym asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a gecko that was found decayed in a well. Imam (a.s) said: "You only need to draw seven buckets from it." Ya'qub then asked: "Our clothes that we prayed in—do we need to wash them and repeat the prayer?" Imam (a.s) said: "No."

والعظاية إذا وقعت في اللبن حرم اللبن ويقال: إن فيها السم. وإن وقعت شاة وما أشبهها في بئر ينزح منها تسعة دلاء إلى عشرة دلاء.

And if a lizard falls into milk, the milk becomes forbidden for consumption, as it is said that it contains poison. If a sheep or a similar animal falls into a well, nine to ten buckets should be drawn (and discarded).

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كَانَتْ فِي اَلْمَدِينَةِ بِئْرٌ فِي وَسَطِ مَزْبَلَةٍ فَكَانَتِ اَلرِّيحُ تَهُبُّ فَتُلْقِي فِيهَا اَلْقَذَرَ وَ كَانَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "There was a well in Medina in the middle of a garbage dump. The wind would blow filth into it, yet The Prophet (saws) used to perform ablution from it."

وَ سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْبِئْرِ تَقَعُ فِيهَا اَلْمَيْتَةُ فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا رِيحٌ نُزِحَ مِنْهَا عِشْرُونَ دَلْواً.

Muhammad ibn Muslim asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a dead animal that falls into a well. Imam (a.s) said: "If it has an odor, twenty buckets should be drawn from it."

وَ سَأَلَ كُرْدَوَيْهِ اَلْهَمْدَانِيُّ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ بِئْرٍ يَدْخُلُهَا مَاءُ اَلطَّرِيقِ فِيهِ اَلْبَوْلُ وَ اَلْعَذِرَةُ وَ أَبْوَالُ اَلدَّوَابِّ وَ أَرْوَاثُهَا وَ خُرْءُ اَلْكِلاَبِ فَقَالَ «يُنْزَحُ مِنْهَا ثَلاَثُونَ دَلْواً وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مُبْخِرَةً».

Kurdawiyah al-Hamdani asked Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a well into which water from the road flows, containing urine, feces, animal urine and droppings, and dog excrement. Imam (a.s) said: "Thirty buckets should be drawn from it, especially if it has a bad odor”.

ولا يجوز أن يبول الرجل في ماء راكد، فأما الماء الجاري فلا بأس أن يبول فيه ولكن يتخوف عليه من الشيطان. وقد روي " أن البول في الماء الراكد يورث النسيان.

It is not permissible for a man to urinate in stagnant water. However, there is no harm in urinating in flowing water, though it is advised to be cautious of potential harm from the devil. It is also narrated that urinating in stagnant water causes forgetfulness.