Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

سَأَلَ زُرَارَةُ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَمَّا يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ فَقَالاَ «مَا خَرَجَ مِنْ طَرَفَيْكَ اَلْأَسْفَلَيْنِ اَلذَّكَرِ وَ اَلدُّبُرِ مِنْ غَائِطٍ أَوْ بَوْلٍ أَوْ مَنِيٍّ أَوْ رِيحٍ وَ اَلنَّوْمُ حَتَّى يُذْهِبَ اَلْعَقْلَ.

Zurarah ibn A'yan asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) and Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about what nullifies wudu (ablution). They said: "Anything that exits from your two lower openings, the front (urethra) and the back (anus), such as excrement, urine, semen, or wind, as well as sleep that causes a loss of consciousness, invalidates wudu”.

ولا ينقض الوضوء ما سوى ذلك من القئ والقلس والرعاف والحجامة والدماميل والجروح والقروح، ولا يوجب الاستنجاء.

And the ablution is not invalidated by anything other, such as; vomiting, regurgitation, nosebleeds, cupping, abscesses, wounds, and sores, do not nullify ablution nor necessitate istinja (cleansing of private parts).

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَيْسَ فِي حَبِّ اَلْقَرْعِ وَ اَلدِّيدَانِ اَلصِّغَارِ وُضُوءٌ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْقَمْلِ». وهذا إذا لم يكن فيه ثفل، فإذا كان فيه ثفل ففيه الاستنجاء والوضوء.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "There is no ablution required in the instance of taenia worms (or ticks and small worms), they are regarded like lice, and this applies if they do not have any waste matter, However, if there is waste matter, then istinja (cleansing of the private parts) and ablution are required.”

وكلما خرج من الطرفين من دم وقيح ومذي ووذي وغير ذلك فلا وضوء فيه ولا استنجاء ما لم يخرج بول أو غائط أو ريح أو مني.

Anything that exits from the two lower openings (other than stool, urine, wind, or semen) such as blood, pus, pre-seminal fluid, or other discharges does not require ablution or istinja, unless it is urine, stool, wind, or semen.

وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ لِلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَجِدُ اَلرِّيحَ فِي بَطْنِي حَتَّى أَظُنَّ أَنَّهَا قَدْ خَرَجَتْ فَقَالَ «لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ وُضُوءٌ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ اَلصَّوْتَ أَوْ تَجِدَ اَلرِّيحَ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ يَجْلِسُ بَيْنَ أَلْيَتَيِ اَلرَّجُلِ فَيُحْدِثُ لِيُشَكِّكَهُ.

Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: 'I feel wind in my stomach to the extent that I think it has exited.' Imam (a.s) said: 'You do not need to perform ablution unless you hear a sound or perceive the smell.' Imam (a.s) then added: 'Indeed, Satan sits between a man's buttocks and causes him to think he has passed wind to make him doubt.'.

وَ سَأَلَ زُرَارَةُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُقَلِّمُ أَظَافِيرَهُ وَ يَجُزُّ شَارِبَهُ وَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ شَعْرِ لِحْيَتِهِ وَ رَأْسِهِ هَلْ يَنْقُضُ ذَلِكَ اَلْوُضُوءَ فَقَالَ «يَا زُرَارَةُ كُلُّ هَذَا سُنَّةٌ وَ اَلْوُضُوءُ فَرِيضَةٌ وَ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ اَلسُّنَّةِ يَنْقُضُ اَلْفَرِيضَةَ وَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيَزِيدُهُ تَطْهِيراً.

Zurarah asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a man who trims his nails, clips his mustache, and cuts some of the hair from his beard and head. Does that nullify his ablution? Imam (a.s) said: 'O’ Zurarah, all of this is Sunnah (recommended practice), while ablution is an obligation (fardh). None of the Sunnah practices invalidate an obligation. In fact, such practices increase one's purity.'.

وَ سَأَلَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَأْخُذُ مِنْ أَظَافِيرِهِ وَ شَارِبِهِ أَ يَمْسَحُهُ بِالْمَاءِ فَقَالَ «لاَ هُوَ طَهُورٌ.

Ismail ibn Jaber asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who trims his nails and mustache: should he wipe them with water afterward? Imam (a.s) said: 'No, he is already pure.'.

وَ سُئِلَ عَنْ إِنْشَادِ اَلشِّعْرِ هَلْ يَنْقُضُ اَلْوُضُوءَ فَقَالَ لاَ.

(Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s)) was asked whether reciting poetry nullifies ablution? Imam (a.s) said: 'No.'

وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُخْفِقُ رَأْسَهُ وَ هُوَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ قَائِماً أَوْ رَاكِعاً قَالَ «لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ وُضُوءٌ.

Sama'a ibn Mehran asked him about a man who nods off while standing or bowing in prayer. Imam (a.s) said: 'He does not need to perform ablution.'.

وَ سُئِلَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَرْقُدُ وَ هُوَ قَاعِدٌ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ وُضُوءٌ فَقَالَ «لاَ وُضُوءَ عَلَيْهِ مَا دَامَ قَاعِداً إِنْ لَمْ يَنْفَرِجْ.

Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) was asked about a man who falls asleep while sitting: does he need to perform ablution? Imam (a.s) said: 'He does not need to perform ablution as long as he remains seated and does not slump over.'.

وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَيْسَ فِي اَلْقُبْلَةِ وَ لاَ اَلْمُبَاشَرَةِ وَ لاَ مَسِّ اَلْفَرْجِ وُضُوءٌ.

Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) said: 'There is no need for ablution after kissing, touching intimately, or touching the private parts.'

وَ رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ - «إِذَا كَانَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَقْطُرُ مِنْهُ اَلْبَوْلُ وَ اَلدَّمُ إِذَا كَانَ حِينَ اَلصَّلاَةِ اِتَّخَذَ كِيساً وَ جَعَلَ فِيهِ قُطْناً ثُمَّ عَلَّقَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ أَدْخَلَ ذَكَرَهُ فِيهِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ اَلصَّلاَتَيْنِ اَلظُّهْرِ وَ اَلْعَصْرِ يُؤَخِّرُ اَلظُّهْرَ وَ يُعَجِّلُ اَلْعَصْرَ بِأَذَانٍ وَ إِقَامَتَيْنِ وَ يُؤَخِّرُ اَلْمَغْرِبَ وَ يُعَجِّلُ اَلْعِشَاءَ بِأَذَانٍ وَ إِقَامَتَيْنِ وَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي اَلصُّبْحِ.

Hariz narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) that He said: 'If a man has a condition where urine or blood drips from him, then at the time of prayer, he should use a pouch filled with cotton, attach it, and place his private part inside it. Then he should pray, combining the Dhuhr and Asr prayers by delaying Dhuhr and advancing Asr with one call to prayer (adhan) and two calls to commence (iqamah). Similarly, he should delay Maghrib and advance Isha with one adhan and two iqamah. He should do the same for Fajr.'.

وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَالَ ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ وَ قَامَ إِلَى اَلصَّلاَةِ فَوَجَدَ بَلَلاً قَالَ «لاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ يَتَوَضَّأُ.

Abdullah ibn Abi Ya'fur asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who urinates, performs ablution, then stands for prayer and finds wetness. Imam (a.s) said: 'There is nothing upon him, and he does not need to perform ablution again.'.

وَ رَوَى غَيْرُهُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَبُولُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَنْجِي ثُمَّ يَرَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَلَلاً «أَنَّهُ إِذَا بَالَ فَخَرَطَ مَا بَيْنَ اَلْمَقْعَدَةِ وَ اَلْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ غَمَزَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ اِسْتَنْجَى فَإِنْ سَالَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ اَلسُّوقَ فَلاَ يُبَالِي.

Another narration (by Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) ) states: In the case of a man who urinates, performs istinja (cleansing of private parts), and then notices wetness afterward: 'If he, after urinating, presses the area between the anus and the testicles three times and massages it, then performs istinja, he need not worry even if wetness flows down to his thighs.'.

وإذا مس الرجل باطن دبره أو باطن إحليله فعليه أن يعيد الوضوء، وإن كان في الصلاة قطع الصلاة وتوضأ وأعاد الصلاة، وإن فتح إحليله أعاد الوضوء والصلاة. ومن احتقن أو حمل شيافة [قذرا] فليس عليه إعادة الوضوء وإن خرج ذلك منه إلا أن يكون مختلطا بالثفل فعليه الاستنجاء والوضوء.

If a man touches the inner part of his anus or the inner part of his urethra, he must repeat his ablution; if he does so during prayer, he should interrupt the prayer, perform ablution, and repeat the prayer. Additionally, if he opens his urethra, he must redo his ablution and prayer. However, if someone uses an enema or carries something impure [such as filth], he is not required to redo his ablution even if it exits from him, unless it is mixed with feces, in which case he must perform istinja (cleaning the private parts) and redo the ablution.