Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ صَلاَةَ إِلاَّ بِطَهُورٍ.

Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) said: "There is no prayer without purification”.

وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ اَلْأَحْبَارِ أُقْعِدَ فِي قَبْرِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّا جَالِدُوكَ مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ مِنْ عَذَابِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ لاَ أُطِيقُهَا فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا بِهِ حَتَّى رَدُّوهُ إِلَى وَاحِدَةٍ فَقَالَ لاَ أُطِيقُهَا فَقَالُوا لاَ بُدَّ مِنْهَا قَالَ فَبِمَا تَجْلِدُونِيهَا قَالُوا نَجْلِدُكَ بِأَنَّكَ صَلَّيْتَ يَوْماً بِغَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ وَ مَرَرْتَ عَلَى ضَعِيفٍ فَلَمْ تَنْصُرْهُ فَجَلَدُوهُ جَلْدَةً مِنْ عَذَابِ اَللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَامْتَلَأَ قَبْرُهُ نَاراً.

(Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) ) narrated: "A certain man from among the scholars was placed in his grave, and it was said to him: 'We will strike you with one hundred lashes from the punishment of Allah (swt), Mighty and Majestic.' He replied: 'I cannot bear it.' They continued to reduce the punishment, until it was brought down to one lash. He said: 'I still cannot bear it.' They replied: 'It is unavoidable.' He asked: 'Why will you lash me?' They said: 'We will lash you because one day you prayed without wudu (ablution), and because you passed by a weak person and did not help him.' So they lashed him once with a punishment from Allah (swt) the Exalted, and his grave was filled with fire."

وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «ثَمَانِيَةٌ لاَ يَقْبَلُ اَللَّهُ لَهُمْ صَلاَةً اَلْعَبْدُ اَلْآبِقُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَوْلاَهُ وَ اَلنَّاشِزُ عَنْ زَوْجِهَا وَ هُوَ عَلَيْهَا سَاخِطٌ وَ مَانِعُ اَلزَّكَاةِ وَ إِمَامُ قَوْمٍ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ وَ هُمْ لَهُ كَارِهُونَ وَ تَارِكُ اَلْوُضُوءِ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ اَلْمُدْرِكَةُ تُصَلِّي بِغَيْرِ خِمَارٍ وَ اَلزِّبِّينُ وَ هُوَ اَلَّذِي يُدَافِعُ اَلْبَوْلَ وَ اَلْغَائِطَ وَ اَلسَّكْرَانُ.

The Prophet, said: "Allah (swt) does not accept the prayer of eight types of people: The runaway servant until he returns to his master, The rebellious wife whose husband is displeased with her, The one who withholds zakat, The Imam whom people dislike to pray behind, The one who neglects wudu, The mature (of age) woman who prays without a head covering, The one who prays while suppressing the urge to urinate or defecate (Zabeen), And the one who is intoxicated."

وتارك الوضوء ناسيا متى ذكر فعليه أن يتوضأ ويعيد الصلاة.

If someone forgets to perform wudu and remembers later, they must perform wudu and repeat the prayer.

وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «وُضِعَ عَنْ أُمَّتِي تِسْعَةُ أَشْيَاءَ اَلسَّهْوُ وَ اَلْخَطَأُ وَ اَلنِّسْيَانُ وَ مَا أُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ وَ مَا لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ وَ مَا لاَ يُطِيقُونَ وَ اَلطِّيَرَةُ وَ اَلْحَسَدُ وَ اَلتَّفَكُّرُ فِي اَلْوَسْوَسَةِ فِي اَلْخَلْقِ مَا لَمْ يَنْطِقِ اَلْإِنْسَانُ بِشَفَةٍ.

The Prophet (saws) said: "Nine things have been lifted from my community: mistakes, errors, forgetfulness, what they are compelled to do, what they do not know, what they cannot endure, superstitions, envy (if not acted upon), and thoughts of doubt in creation as long as a person does not express them verbally."

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَبْقَى مِنْ وَجْهِهِ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ مَوْضِعٌ لَمْ يُصِبْهُ اَلْمَاءُ فَقَالَ «يُجْزِيهِ أَنْ يَبُلَّهُ مِنْ بَعْضِ جَسَدِهِ.

Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) was asked about a man who, while performing wudu, misses a small area on his face that the water does not reach. Imam (a.s) said: "It suffices for him to moisten it with water from another part of his body."

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنْ نَسِيتَ مَسْحَ رَأْسِكَ فَامْسَحْ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى رِجْلَيْكَ مِنْ بِلَّةِ وَضُوئِكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَقِيَ فِي يَدِكَ مِنْ نَدَاوَةِ وَضُوئِكَ شَيْءٌ فَخُذْ مِمَّا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ فِي لِحْيَتِكَ وَ اِمْسَحْ بِهِ رَأْسَكَ وَ رِجْلَيْكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ لِحْيَةٌ فَخُذْ مِنْ حَاجِبَيْكَ وَ أَشْفَارِ عَيْنَيْكَ وَ اِمْسَحْ بِهِ رَأْسَكَ وَ رِجْلَيْكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْ بِلَّةِ وَضُوئِكَ شَيْءٌ أَعَدْتَ اَلْوُضُوءَ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "If you forget to wipe your head, then wipe it and your feet with the remaining moisture from your wudu. If there is no moisture left in your hands from the wudu, then take what remains in your beard and wipe your head and feet with it. If you do not have a beard, then take from your eyebrows and the lashes of your eyes and wipe your head and feet with that. If there is no moisture left from your wudu, then repeat the wudu."

وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ نَسِيَ مَسْحَ رَأْسِهِ قَالَ «فَلْيَمْسَحْ» قَالَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ «فَلْيَمْسَحْ رَأْسَهُ مِنْ بَلَلِ لِحْيَتِهِ.

Abu Basir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) regarding a man who forgets to wipe his head during wudu. Imam (a.s) said: "Then let him wipe it." Abu Basir asked: "What if he does not remember until he has started the prayer?" Imam (a.s) said: "Then let him wipe his head with the moisture from his beard”.

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ زَيْدٍ اَلشَّحَّامِ وَ اَلْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ تَوَضَّأَ فَنَسِيَ أَنْ يَمْسَحَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ «فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ فَلْيَمْسَحْ بِرَأْسِهِ وَ لْيُعِدِ اَلصَّلاَةَ.

In the narration of Zayd al-Shahham and al-Mufaddal ibn Salih, narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s), concerning a man who performs wudu but forgets to wipe his head until he has started the prayer, Imam (a.s) said: "Let him leave, wipe his head, and repeat the prayer."

ومن شك في شئ من وضوئه وهو قاعد على حال الوضوء فليعد، ومن قام عن مكانه ثم شك في شئ من وضوئه فلا يلتفت إلى الشك إلا أن يستيقن، ومن شك في الوضوء وهو على يقين من الحدث فليتوضأ، ومن شك في الحدث وكان على يقين من الوضوء فلا ينقض اليقين بالشك إلا أن يستيقن، ومن كان على يقين من الوضوء والحدث ولا يدري أيهما أسبق فليتوضأ.

For anyone who doubts something in their wudu while still seated in the place of wudu, they should redo it. However, if they have already left the place and then doubt something about the wudu, they should disregard the doubt unless they are certain. If a person is certain of a state of ritual impurity (hadath) but doubts whether they performed wudu, they should perform wudu. Conversely, if one is certain of wudu but doubts an act that would invalidate it, they should not negate their certainty due to doubt unless they are certain. If one is sure of both wudu and impurity but does not know which came first, they should perform wudu.