 The Cleansing Quality of Water

The Quantity of Water that Always Remains Clean

The Case of a Small Quantity of Water, the Water with a Dead Body in it and its use by a Man to Wash His Dirty Hand in it

The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)

A Well near a Cesspool

Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk

Taking Wudu’ with the Water from Which a Woman during Her Hayd (menses), People After Having Carnal Relations, a Jew, a Christian or a Person Hostile toward ’A’immah Has Drunk (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 4-6 of this chapter.)

A Man Places His Hand in the Water before Washing, the Limit of Washing Hands Because of Carnal Relations, Urination, Feces and Sleeping

Mixing of Rain Water with Urine, with Water Used for Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Carnal Relations, Touching of One’s Cloth with Water Used for Washing Because of Urine

Water of Bath Houses and Water Heated by the Sun’s Rays

Places Not Desirable to Use as a Lavatory

Expressions to Say When Entering a Lavatory and When Coming Out

Draining Urine, Washing and If One Does Not Find Water

The Quantity of Water Required for Wudu’, Showers and One Who Is Excessive in the Use of Water for Wudu’

Brushing One’s Teeth

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils

Description of Wudu’

The Area of the Face and Hands to be Washed for Wudu’

Wiping of Head and Feet

Wiping Over the Shoes

Bandages and Wounds

Facing Doubts about Wudu’ Forgetting or Mixing Proper Order

Matters that Invalidate or Do not Invalidate Wudu’

One’s Stepping over Feces or Other Such Things

Certain Fluid, Which Is Other than Urine and Semen

Kinds of Ghusl (bath)

Matters Covered by Ghusl (bath)

Necessity of Ghusl (bath) on Friday

Description of Ghusl (bath), Wudu’ Before or Thereafter and a Man’s Ghusl (bath) in an Improper Place, Expressions to Say During Taking Ghusl (bath) and Moving a Ring During Ghusl (bath)

Reason Necessitating Ghusl (bath) for Men and Women

Wet Dreams of Men and Women

Finding Fluid Coming Out after Ghusl (bath)

One after Carnal Relations Eats, Drinks, Reads, Enters a Masjid, Dyes Hair, Uses Fragrance and So On

One after Carnal Relation Sweats in His Clothes, Clothes Touch His Wet Body

Semen or Al-Madhiy Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine of Animals and Their Dung

Clothes Come in Contact with Blood and Pus

Dogs Touching Clothes, Body and So On

Description of Tayammum

When Tayammum Is Necessary and Finding Water Thereafter

One’s having Little Water on a Journey but Is Afraid of Facing Thirst

One’s Experiencing Carnal Relations and Having Only Ice

Taking Tayammum with Clay

Bandages, Injuries, One’s Suffering from Smallpox and or Experiencing Carnal Relations

Rare Ahadith about Wudu’

Chapters on Hayd (menses)

Minimum and Maximum Duration of Hayd

Women’s Experiencing Hayd After or Before Their Date of Hayd

Women Observe Yellowish Blood Before or After Hayd (menses)

First Time Hayd (menses)

Examining if Hayd (menses) has Ended or Not

Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Hayd and the Kind of Water Needed

Women Find Blood after Sexual Relation

Comprehensive Instructions About Hayd (menses) and Istihadah (irregular menses)

Signs for Differentiating Between Blood of Hayd and Istihadah

Differentiating Among Blood of Hayd, Virginity or a Wound

Pregnant Woman Finds Blood

Blood Because of Childbirth

Blood Discharge after a Woman’s Experiencing Discharge-Free Period after Childbirth and Blood Discharge before Birth or after Childbirth

Matters Necessary for Women during Hayd at the Times of Salah (prayer)

Women Find Hayd Blood after the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) Before Performing It Or Become Clean Before the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) But Are Too Lazy for Ghusl (bath)

Women Feel Hayd during Salah (Prayer)

Women Must Make-up-for Fasting Because of Hayd but Not Salah (Prayer) 

Women’s Reading the Holy Quran During Hayd or Child-birth 

Women during Hayd Can Pick up Things from a Masjid but Must Not Leave Anything Therein

Women’s Hayd (menses) Stops, Comes Again and the Time of Menopause

Women’s Using Medicine to Have Hayd (menses) after It Stops 

Using Dye during Hayd (menses) 

Washing Clothes of Women during Hayd 

Women During Hayd Pick up Prayer Rug or Water 

Causes of Death and that Believing People May Die by any Manner of Dying 

The Reward for a Person Suffering from Illness 

Another Section on the Same Subject 

The Limits of Complaints 

A Patient’s Giving Permission to His Visitors 

How Often a Patient Should Be Visited, How Long the Duration of Visitation Should Be and Complete Visit 

The Limit of a Sudden Death 

The Virtue (Reward) of Visiting a Patient 

Dictations to a Dying Person

Difficulty in Dying (If Dying Becomes Difficult and the Agony of Death Intense) 

Facing the Dying Person Toward Qiblah

A Believing Person Is Not Caused to Die Against His Will

Things that Believers and Unbelievers See in Dying Conditions

Taking out of the Souls of Believing and Unbelievers

Burial Should Take Place Immediately

Rare Ahadith

Women during Hayd Nurse a Patient (The following chapters are about rules of washing a dead body for burial, shrouding and other matters of burial, and are best explained in the form of fatwa. Consult current fatwa about them.)

Washing a Dead Body

Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding

Shrouding a Deceased Women

Undesirability of Perfuming the Shroud or Warming Water for Washing Dead Bodies

The Desirable Pieces of Shroud and the Undesirable Ones

The Amount of Water Needed for Ghusl (bath) of a Deceased Person

The Two Fresh Al-Jaridah (Twigs of Palm Tree)

Persons Dead Without Shower Due to Carnal Relations Hayd or Child Birth Reasons

Chapter 26- Dead Woman with a Baby Moving Inside Her

Cutting of Nails and Hairs of Dead Person Undesirable

Things Coming Out of a Dead Body after Ghusl (bath)

Washing of Persons of opposite Gender

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَرْبَعَةٌ قَدْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمُ التَّمَامُ فِي السَّفَرِ كَانُوا أَوِ الْحَضَرِ الْمُكَارِي وَالْكَرِيُّ وَالرَّاعِي وَالاشْتِقَانُ لأَنَّهُ عَمَلُهُمْ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, Tour kinds of people are required to perform their Salah (prayer) as complete on a journey or when at home. Of such people are muleteers, al-kariy (workers of muleteers), shepherds and mailmen, because it is their work.’” “In another Hadith it is said that a muleteer performs his Salah (prayer) as reduced if his journey becomes condensed which means, completing two days, journey in one day.” 

2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما الْسَّلام) قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمَلاَّحِينَ فِي سَفِينَتِهِمْ تَقْصِيرٌ وَلاَ عَلَى الْمُكَارِي وَالْجَمَّالِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى الْمُكَارِي إِذَا جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ فَلْيُقَصِّرْ. قَالَ وَمَعْنَى جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ يَجْعَلُ مَنْزِلَيْنِ مَنْزِلاً.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “One of the two Imam (a.s.), has said, ‘Sailors when in their vessel are not required to perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced as well as muleteers and camel drivers.’ In another Hadith it is said that muleteers perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced when the journey becomes condensed, like walking two days of journey in one day.’” 

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى ضَيْعَتِهِ وَيُقِيمُ الْيَوْمَ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ وَالثَّلاَثَةَ أَ يُقَصِّرُ أَمْ يُتِمُّ قَالَ يُتِمُّ الصَّلاَةَ كُلَّمَا أَتَى ضَيْعَةً مِنْ ضِيَاعِهِ.

3. Muhammad ibn al-Hassan and others have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about a man who has a country estate where he goes and stays for one, two or three days. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) complete whenever he is there.’” 

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَيَّدُ الْيَوْمَ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ وَالثَّلاَثَةَ أَ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلاَةَ قَالَ لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُشَيِّعَ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ فِي الدِّينِ وَإِنَّ التَّصَيُّدَ مَسِيرٌ بَاطِلٌ لاَ تُقْصَرُ الصَّلاَةُ فِيهِ وَقَالَ يَقْصُرُ إِذَا شَيَّعَ أَخَاهُ. عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ مِثْلَهُ.

4. Muhammad ibn al-Hassan has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Asbat from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who goes hunting for one, two or three days. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot perform as reduced. However if one escorts one’s brother in belief, then it is permissible to do so. Hunting is a way of falsehood and Salah (prayer) is not performed as reduced.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When you escort your brother in religion you can perform your Salah (prayer) as reduced.’” “A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Barqiy from certain persons of his people from Ali ibn Asbat a similar Hadith. 

5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ الأعْرَابُ لاَ يُقَصِّرُونَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَنَازِلَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ.

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from his father from Sulayman ibn Ja‘far al- Ja‘fariy from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Arabs (desert dwellers) do not perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced because their homes are with them.’” 

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضِّيَاعُ بَعْضُهَا قَرِيبٌ مِنْ بَعْضٍ يَخْرُجُ فَيُقِيمُ فِيهَا يُتِمُّ أَوْ يُقَصِّرُ قَالَ يُتِمُّ.

6. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from Muhammad Ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al- Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has certain country estates which are near each other to which he goes and stays. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete.’” 

7ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فِي قَوْلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ باغٍ وَلا عادٍ قَالَ الْبَاغِي بَاغِي الصَّيْدِ وَالْعَادِي السَّارِقُ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا أَنْ يَأْكُلاَ الْمَيْتَةَ إِذَا اضْطُرَّا إِلَيْهَا هِيَ حَرَامٌ عَلَيْهِمَا لَيْسَ هِيَ عَلَيْهِمَا كَمَا هِيَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمَا أَنْ يُقَصِّرَا فِي الصَّلاَةِ.

7. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . one who is compelled and who is not a rebel or transgressor. . .’(2:168) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, This rebel is a rebel to hunt. The transgressor is a thief and they do have permission to eat dead animals when they are compelled; it is unlawful for them. It is not for them as it is for the Muslims and they must not perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced (when hunting or stealing)”’ 

8ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى الصَّيْدِ أَ يُقَصِّرُ أَمْ يُتِمُّ قَالَ يُتِمُّ لأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَسِيرِ حَقٍّ.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who goes for hunting. Can he perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete, because it is not a journey in the way of truth.’” 

9ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَلاَّحِينَ وَالأعْرَابِ هَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ تَقْصِيرٌ قَالَ لاَ بُيُوتُهُمْ مَعَهُمْ.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of sailors and desert dwelling Arabs. Can they perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they cannot do so because their homes are with them.’” 

10ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ الْقُمِّيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى الصَّيْدِ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ يُقَصِّرُ أَوْ يُتِمُّ فَقَالَ إِنْ خَرَجَ لِقُوتِهِ وَقُوتِ عِيَالِهِ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَلْيُقَصِّرْ وَإِنْ خَرَجَ لِطَلَبِ الْفُضُولِ فَلاَ وَلاَ كَرَامَةَ.

10. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Imran ibn Muhammad from ‘Imran al-Qummiy from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who goes hunting to a place which is one or two day’s journey away. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘If he goes to provide for his family, he is not required to fast, and performs his Salah (prayer) as reduced. If he goes in search for useless reasons then he cannot perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced and it is not honorable.’” 

11ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَزَّكٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لِي جِمَالاً وَلِي قُوَّامٌ عَلَيْهَا وَقَدْ أَخْرُجُ فِيهَا إِلَى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ لِرَغْبَةٍ فِي الْحَجِّ أَوْ فِي النَّدْرَةِ إِلَى بَعْضِ الْمَوَاضِعِ فَهَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيَّ التَّقْصِيرُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ وَالصِّيَامِ فَوَقَّعَ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) إِنْ كُنْتَ لاَ تَلْزَمُهَا وَلاَ تَخْرُجُ مَعَهَا فِي كُلِّ سَفَرٍ إِلاَّ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَعَلَيْكَ تَقْصِيرٌ وَفُطُورٌ. 

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far from Muhammad ibn Jazzak who has said the following: “I once wrote to him (the Imam) (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. I have a few camels and I have a caretaker for them. At certain times I go to them on the way to Makkah because of desire for Hajj or for al-Nadrah (rarely) in certain places. Is it necessary to perform my Salah (prayer) as complete and fast, or as reduced? He (the Imam) wrote in answer, ‘If you are not always with them and do not go on the journey with them all the time except the journey to Makkah, you must perform your Salah (prayer) as reduced and do not fast.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 3

Book 4, Chapter 80