1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) إِذَا قُمْتُ لِلصَّلاَةِ أَقْرَأُ بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ فِي فَاتِحَةِ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَإِذَا قَرَأْتُ فَاتِحَةَ الْقُرْآنِ أَقْرَأُ بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ مَعَ السُّورَةِ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ’When I stand up for Salah (prayer) can I read, “In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful” in the beginning of the recitation?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’ I then asked, ‘When I complete reading al-Fatihah can I read “In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful” in the beginning of the chapter?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’”

2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ ابْتَدَأَ بِ بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ وَحْدَهُ فِي أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ فَلَمَّا صَارَ إِلَى غَيْرِ أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ السُّورَةِ تَرَكَهَا فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسِيُّ لَيْسَ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسٌ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ يُعِيدُهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ عَلَى رَغْمِ أَنْفِهِ يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسِيَّ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Yahya ibn abu ‘Imran al-Hamdaniy who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked. ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, what do you say about a man who says “In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful” in the beginning of ‘Umm al-Kitab, when performing Salah (prayer) alone. After completing ‘Umm al-Kitab he does not say it before the chapter (surah) and al-‘Abbasiy says that it is not harmful?’ He (the Imam) wrote with his own handwriting, ‘He reads it again, he reads it again twice to emphasise against al-‘Abbasiy.’” (Ahadith 1-2 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ فُرَاتِ بْنِ أَحْنَفَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ أَوَّلُ كُلِّ كِتَابٍ نَزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَلاَ تُبَالِي أَلاَّ تَسْتَعِيذَ وَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ سَتَرَتْكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالأرْضِ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan ibn Ali from ‘Abbad ibn Ya‘qub from ‘Amr ibn Mus’ab from Furat ibn Ahnaf who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘Every book that has come from the heavens begins with “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.’” When you read, ‘In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful’ it is then not an offense not to read: ‘I seek refuge with Allah against Satan, the condemned one.’ When you read, ‘In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful’, it protects you from things between the sky and earth.”

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) الْقِرَاءَةُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فِيهَا شَيْ‏ءٌ مُوَقَّتٌ قَالَ لاَ إِلاَّ الْجُمُعَةَ تَقْرَأُ فِيهَا الْجُمُعَةَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘Is there any temporary recitation in Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) replied, ‘No, except Friday in which you recite al-Jumu‘ah, and al-Munafiqun, (Chapters 62 and 63).’”

5ـ عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا كُنْتَ خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ فَقَرَأَ الْحَمْدَ وَفَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِهَا فَقُلْ أَنْتَ الْحَمْدُ لله رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَلاَ تَقُلْ آمِينَ.

5. Ali has narrated from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from Jamil who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If you are behind an Imam when he completes reading al-Hamd you say, ‘all praise belongs to Allah, Cherisher of the worlds,’ and do not say ‘Amen.’” (Ahadith 4-5 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ وَابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ لاَ يُكْتَبُ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَالدُّعَاءِ إِلاَّ مَا أَسْمَعَ نَفْسَهُ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah and ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Of recitations and prayers, only such recitations and prayers are counted which one has made his own self to hear.’”

7ـ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ حَسَنٍ الصَّيْقَلِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَ يُجْزِئُ عَنِّي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَحْدَهَا إِذَا كُنْتُ مُسْتَعْجِلاً أَوْ أَعْجَلَنِي شَيْ‏ءٌ فَقَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ.

7. Abu Dawud has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from Hassan al-Sayqaf who has said the foiiowing: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘Is it sufficient for me to read just al-Fatihah in an obligatory Salah (prayer) if I am in a hurry or something causes me to move quickly?’ He (the Imam) replied, ’It is not harmful.’”

8ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ الْجَمَّالِ قَالَ صَلَّى بِنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) الْمَغْرِبَ فَقَرَأَ بِالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from af-Husayn ibn abu Najran from Safwan al-Jammai who has said the foiiowing: “Abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once led us in al-Maghrib Salah (prayer) and recited al- Ma’udhatayn in two Rak’at.”

9ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ يَجُوزُ لِلْمَرِيضِ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَحْدَهَا وَيَجُوزُ لِلصَّحِيحِ فِي قَضَاءِ صَلاَةِ التَّطَوُّعِ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ.

9. Afi ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is permissible for one suffering from illness to recite just al-Fatihah in an obligatory Salah (prayer) as well as for one in good health in Qada’ (compensatory prayer) of optional Salah (prayer) missed during the day or night.’”

10ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّمَا يُكْرَهُ أَنْ يُجْمَعَ بَيْنَ السُّورَتَيْنِ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ فَأَمَّا النَّافِلَةُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is undesirable to recite two Surah (chapters) together in an obligatory Salah (prayer) but in an optional one it is not harmful.’” (Ahadith 7-11 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

11ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ يُكْرَهُ أَنْ يُقْرَأَ قُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ فِي نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya through the chain of his narrators has narrated who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that it is not desirable to recite all of Chapter 112 in one breath.”

12ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) لاَ تَقْرَأْ فِي الْمَكْتُوبَةِ بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ سُورَةٍ وَلاَ بِأَكْثَرَ.

12. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘You must not read less than a Surah (Chapter) in an obligatory Salah (prayer) or more.’”

13ـ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ الْجَمَّالِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) يَقُولُ صَلاَةُ الأوَّابِينَ الْخَمْسُونَ كُلُّهَا بِقُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ.

13. Abu Dawud has narrated from Ali ibn Mahziyar from through chain of his narrators from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘Salah (prayer) of repenting people with all fifty of them there is Chapter 112.’”

14ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ الْمَكْفُوفِ قَالَ سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ كَمْ يُقْرَأُ فِي الزَّوَالِ فَقَالَ ثَمَانِينَ آيَةً فَخَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا هَارُونَ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ شَيْخاً أَعْجَبَ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي سَأَلَنِي عَنْ شَيْ‏ءٍ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ وَلَمْ يَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ تَفْسِيرِهِ هَذَا الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ أَنَّهُ عَاقِلُهُمْ يَا أَبَا هَارُونَ إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ سَبْعُ آيَاتٍ وَقُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ ثَلاَثُ آيَاتٍ فَهَذِهِ عَشْرُ آيَاتٍ وَالزَّوَالَ ثَمَانُ رَكَعَاتٍ فَهَذِهِ ثَمَانُونَ آيَةً.

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Salih ibn ‘Uqbah from abu Harun al-Makfuf who has said the following: “A man once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when I was present, ‘How much one recites when it is Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One recites eighty verses.’ The man then left. He (the Imam) said, ‘O abu Harun, have you ever seen an old man more strange than this man who asked me about something which I answered but did not ask me about its explanation? This is a man about whom people of Iraq think, is the wisest among them. O abu Harun, al-Hamd has seven verses and 112 has three verses all together become ten verses. At noontime there are eight Rak‘at and this makes it eighty verses.”’ (According to ‘ A’immah Chapter 112 may consist of three verses).

15ـ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ يَقْرَأُ الرَّجُلُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ وَثَوْبُهُ عَلَى فِيهِ قَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا أَسْمَعَ أُذُنَيْهِ الْهَمْهَمَةَ.

15. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from al- Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ’Can one recite in Salah (prayer) with his clothes on his mouth? He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful if his ears can hear his humming.’”

16ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) يُجْزِئُكَ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ مَعَهُمْ مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ النَّفْسِ.

16. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Muhammad ibn abu Hamzah from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When performing Salah (prayer) with them (other people) it is sufficient to recite like speaking to one’s soul.’”

17ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ تَلْبِيَةُ الأخْرَسِ وَتَشَهُّدُهُ وَقِرَاءَتُهُ لِلْقُرْآنِ فِي الصَّلاَةِ تَحْرِيكُ لِسَانِهِ وَإِشَارَتُهُ بِإِصْبَعِهِ.

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The recitation of a speechless person in Talbiyah, Tashahhud and readings from al-Quran in Salah (prayer) is by moving his tongue and pointing with his finger.’”

18ـ وَعَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَنْسَى حَرْفاً مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَيَذْكُرُ وَهُوَ رَاكِعٌ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ فِي الرُّكُوعِ قَالَ لاَ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا سَجَدَ فَلْيَقْرَأْ.

18. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from ‘Amr ibn Sa’id al-Mada’iniy from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ibn Musa who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who forgets a letter of the recitation and remembers it in Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees); is it permissible for him to recite in Ruku‘? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible but he recites in Sujud (prostration).”’

19ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُبْدُوسٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّكَ كَتَبْتَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ تُعَلِّمُهُ أَنَّ أَفْضَلَ مَا تَقْرَأُ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ بِ إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ وَقُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ وَإِنَّ صَدْرِي لَيَضِيقُ بِقِرَاءَتِهِمَا فِي الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) لاَ يَضِيقَنَّ صَدْرُكَ بِهِمَا فَإِنَّ الْفَضْلَ وَالله فِيهِمَا.

19. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn ‘Ubdus from Muhammad ibn Zawiyah from abu Ali ibn Rashid who has said the following: “I said to abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, you have written to Muhammad ibn al-Faraj telling him that the most excellent recitation in obligatory Salah (prayer) are chapters 97 and 112 of the Holy Quran. I feel uneasy reciting them in morning Salah (prayer).’ The Imam said, ‘You should not feel uneasy to recite them, by Allah, excellence is in reciting these two chapters.’” (Ahadith 12-19 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

20ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ الْجَمَّالِ قَالَ صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَيَّاماً فَكَانَ إِذَا كَانَتْ صَلاَةٌ لاَ يُجْهَرُ فِيهَا جَهَرَ بِ بِسْمِ الله الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ وَكَانَ يَجْهَرُ فِي السُّورَتَيْنِ جَمِيعاً.

20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “I performed Salah (prayer) for many days in congregation led by abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and in Salah (prayer) which is not recited loudly, he would read Bismillah, (in the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful) aloud in both Surah (chapters).”

21ـ وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ وَلا تُخافِتْ بِها قَالَ الْمُخَافَتَةُ مَا دُونَ سَمْعِكَ وَالْجَهْرُ أَنْ تَرْفَعَ صَوْتَكَ شَدِيداً.

21. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama’ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Do not be loud in your Salah (prayer) nor very quiet.’ (17:110) He (the Imam) said, ‘Quiet is when you do not hear it, and loud is when you raise your voice very loud.’”

22ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ لاَ تَدَعْ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِقُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ وَقُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ فِي سَبْعِ مَوَاطِنَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ وَرَكْعَتَيِ الزَّوَالِ وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ صَلاَةِ اللَّيْلِ وَرَكْعَتَيِ الإِحْرَامِ وَالْفَجْرِ إِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ بِهَا وَرَكْعَتَيِ الطَّوَافِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّهُ يُبْدَأُ فِي هَذَا كُلِّهِ بِ قُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ وَفِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ بِ قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ إِلاَّ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَإِنَّهُ يُبْدَأُ بِ قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ ثُمَّ يُقْرَأُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ بِ قُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ.

22. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ’Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah who has said that narrated to him Mu’adh ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘You must not miss reading Surah (chapter) 112 and 109 in seven instances. Read them in the two Rak‘at before dawn, in the two Rak‘at at noontime, in the two Rak‘at after al-Maghrib, in the first two Rak‘at of the night Salah (prayer), the two Rak‘at for Ihram. Read them in the two Rak‘at of the morning if you begin the morning with them and the two Rak‘at for Tawaf.’” “In another Hadith it is said that in all of these Surah (Chapter) 112 is read first and in the second Rak‘at is Surah (Chapter) 109 except for the two Rak‘at before the morning in which Surah (Chapter) 109 is read first and in the second Rak‘at Surah (chapter) 112 is read.”

23ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ فَيَغْلَطُ قَالَ يَفْتَحُ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ.

23. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-’Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about a man who leads people in Salah (prayer) and makes a mistake. He (the Imam) said, ‘Those behind him open it up for him (help to correct him).”’

24ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي فِي مَوْضِعٍ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ قَالَ يَكُفُّ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي مَشْيِهِ حَتَّى يَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ.

24. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that a man may stand up in a certain place to perform Salah (prayer). He then wants to move forward. He in such case stops reading when he is walking forward, until he reaches the place that he wants, then reads.’”

25ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) الرَّجُلُ يَقُومُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ سُورَةً فَيَقْرَأُ قُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ وَقُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ فَقَالَ يُرْجَعُ مِنْ كُلِّ سُورَةٍ إِلاَّ مِنْ قُلْ هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ وَمِنْ قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ.

25. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from as ibn ‘Amir from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from al-Husayn ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Amr ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, that a man stands up for Salah (prayer), wants to read a Surah (chapter) and he reads Surah (chapter) 112 and Surah (chapter) 109. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can discontinue reading any Surah (chapter) except Surah (chapter) 112 and Surah (chapter) 109.’”

26ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ عَنْ صَابِرٍ مَوْلَى بَسَّامٍ قَالَ أَمَّنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الله فِي الصَّلاَةِ الْمَغْرِبِ فَقَرَأَ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هُمَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ.

26. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Dawud ibn Farqad from Sabir Mawla’ Bassam who has said the following: “Once, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, led us in al-Maghrib Salah (prayer). He read al-M‘udhatayn (chapters 113, 114) and said that they are of al-Quran.’”

27ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَلَى الإِمَامِ أَنْ يُسْمِعَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ وَإِنْ كَثُرُوا فَقَالَ لِيَقْرَأْ قِرَاءَةً وَسَطاً يَقُولُ الله تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى وَلا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاتِكَ وَلا تُخافِتْ بِها.

27. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘Is it necessary for an Imam to read so that people behind him can hear his reading even if they are many?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He reads moderately; Allah, most Blessed, most High, has said, “Do not be very loud in your Salah (prayer) nor very quiet.’”” (17:110)

28ـ عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الَّذِي لاَ يَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ قَالَ لاَ صَلاَةَ لَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِهَا فِي جَهْرٍ أَوْ إِخْفَاتٍ قُلْتُ أَيُّهُمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ إِذَا كَانَ خَائِفاً أَوْ مُسْتَعْجِلاً يَقْرَأُ بِسُورَةٍ أَوْ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ.

28. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from ‘Isa from Yunus from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about one who does not read al-Fatihah in his Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘His Salah (prayer) is not valid. He must begin with it (al-Fatihah) that which is read aloud or quietly.’ I then asked, ‘Which one is more beloved to you: if one is afraid or in a hurry, is it reading a Surah (chapter) or al-Fatihah of al-Kitab?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘al-Fatihah of al-Kitab is more beloved.’” (Ahadith 20-28 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)