Al-Kāfi

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مِنْ فِقْهِ الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَرْتَادَ مَوْضِعاً لِبَوْلِهِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from af-Nawfafiy from af-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ’It is of proper understanding (of law) for a man to search for and prepare a place for urination.’”

2ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ (عَلَيْهِما الْسَّلام) أَيْنَ يَتَوَضَّأُ الْغُرَبَاءُ قَالَ يَتَّقِي شُطُوطَ الأنْهَارِ وَالطُّرُقَ النَّافِذَةَ وَتَحْتَ الأشْجَارِ الْمُثْمِرَةِ وَمَوَاضِعَ اللَّعْنِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَأَيْنَ مَوَاضِعُ اللَّعْنِ قَالَ أَبْوَابُ الدُّورِ.

2. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Asim ibn Humayd who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man asked Ali ibn Al-Husayn (a.s.), ‘Where should outsiders take Wudu’?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘They should avoid places like the banks of the canals, open roads, under fruit-bearing trees and places that may subject one to public condemnation.’ Someone asked, ‘What kind of places are such?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One example is the front portions of the doors of houses.’”

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) مَا حَدُّ الْغَائِطِ قَالَ لاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ وَلاَ تَسْتَدْبِرْهَا وَلاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الرِّيحَ وَلاَ تَسْتَدْبِرْهَا. وَرُوِيَ أَيْضاً فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ لاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّمْسَ وَلاَ الْقَمَرَ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya through the chain of his narrators in a marfu‘ manner has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), was asked about (one’s condition) when defecating. He (the Imam) said, ‘One should not face the direction of al-Ka‘bah, turn one’s back toward al-Ka‘bah, face the direction from which wind blows or turn one’s back to such direction.’” It is narrated in another Hadith that one should not face toward the sun or moon (when using the toilet).

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ نَهَى النَّبِيُّ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنْ يُطَمِّحَ الرَّجُلُ بِبَوْلِهِ مِنَ السَّطْحِ أَوْ مِنَ الشَّيْ‏ءِ الْمُرْتَفِعِ فِي الْهَوَاءِ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy prophet prohibited one’s allowing his urine to sprinkle from rooftops or high places in the air.”

5ـ عَلِيُّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَائِمٌ وَهُوَ غُلاَمٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَا غُلاَمُ أَيْنَ يَضَعُ الْغَرِيبُ بِبَلَدِكُمْ فَقَالَ اجْتَنِبْ أَفْنِيَةَ الْمَسَاجِدِ وَشُطُوطَ الأنْهَارِ وَمَسَاقِطَ الثِّمَارِ وَمَنَازِلَ النُّزَّالِ وَلاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ بِغَائِطٍ وَلاَ بَوْلٍ وَارْفَعْ ثَوْبَكَ وَضَعْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated in a marfu‘ manner the following: “Once, abu Hanifah came out of a meeting with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.). Abu al-Hassan, Musa, a young boy at that time, was standing in the meeting place. Abu Hanifah asked him, ‘O young man, where does an outsider relieve himself of nature’s demand in your town?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘You must avoid the courtyard of a Masjid, banks of canals, places where fruits fall from trees and people’s rest areas. Do not face the direction of al-Ka‘bah, when defecating or urinating and keep your clothes away (from pollution). Thereafter relieve yourself wherever you like.’”

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْخِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) ثَلاَثُ خِصَالٍ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ فَعَلَهُنَّ الْمُتَغَوِّطُ فِي ظِلِّ النُّزَّالِ وَالْمَانِعُ الْمَاءَ الْمُنْتَابَ وَسَادُّ الطَّرِيقِ الْمَسْلُوكِ.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Salih ibn ‘Uqbah from Ibrahim al-Karkhiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Three characteristics subject one to condemnation: Defecating in the shadows which are used as rest areas, obstructing people from reaching water for public use or public road.”