 The Cleansing Quality of Water

The Quantity of Water that Always Remains Clean

The Case of a Small Quantity of Water, the Water with a Dead Body in it and its use by a Man to Wash His Dirty Hand in it

The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)

A Well near a Cesspool

Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk

Taking Wudu’ with the Water from Which a Woman during Her Hayd (menses), People After Having Carnal Relations, a Jew, a Christian or a Person Hostile toward ’A’immah Has Drunk (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 4-6 of this chapter.)

A Man Places His Hand in the Water before Washing, the Limit of Washing Hands Because of Carnal Relations, Urination, Feces and Sleeping

Mixing of Rain Water with Urine, with Water Used for Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Carnal Relations, Touching of One’s Cloth with Water Used for Washing Because of Urine

Water of Bath Houses and Water Heated by the Sun’s Rays

Places Not Desirable to Use as a Lavatory

Expressions to Say When Entering a Lavatory and When Coming Out

Draining Urine, Washing and If One Does Not Find Water

The Quantity of Water Required for Wudu’, Showers and One Who Is Excessive in the Use of Water for Wudu’

Brushing One’s Teeth

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils

Description of Wudu’

The Area of the Face and Hands to be Washed for Wudu’

Wiping of Head and Feet

Wiping Over the Shoes

Bandages and Wounds

Facing Doubts about Wudu’ Forgetting or Mixing Proper Order

Matters that Invalidate or Do not Invalidate Wudu’

One’s Stepping over Feces or Other Such Things

Certain Fluid, Which Is Other than Urine and Semen

Kinds of Ghusl (bath)

Matters Covered by Ghusl (bath)

Necessity of Ghusl (bath) on Friday

Description of Ghusl (bath), Wudu’ Before or Thereafter and a Man’s Ghusl (bath) in an Improper Place, Expressions to Say During Taking Ghusl (bath) and Moving a Ring During Ghusl (bath)

Reason Necessitating Ghusl (bath) for Men and Women

Wet Dreams of Men and Women

Finding Fluid Coming Out after Ghusl (bath)

One after Carnal Relations Eats, Drinks, Reads, Enters a Masjid, Dyes Hair, Uses Fragrance and So On

One after Carnal Relation Sweats in His Clothes, Clothes Touch His Wet Body

Semen or Al-Madhiy Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine of Animals and Their Dung

Clothes Come in Contact with Blood and Pus

Dogs Touching Clothes, Body and So On

Description of Tayammum

When Tayammum Is Necessary and Finding Water Thereafter

One’s having Little Water on a Journey but Is Afraid of Facing Thirst

One’s Experiencing Carnal Relations and Having Only Ice

Taking Tayammum with Clay

Bandages, Injuries, One’s Suffering from Smallpox and or Experiencing Carnal Relations

Rare Ahadith about Wudu’

Chapters on Hayd (menses)

Minimum and Maximum Duration of Hayd

Women’s Experiencing Hayd After or Before Their Date of Hayd

Women Observe Yellowish Blood Before or After Hayd (menses)

First Time Hayd (menses)

Examining if Hayd (menses) has Ended or Not

Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Hayd and the Kind of Water Needed

Women Find Blood after Sexual Relation

Comprehensive Instructions About Hayd (menses) and Istihadah (irregular menses)

Signs for Differentiating Between Blood of Hayd and Istihadah

Differentiating Among Blood of Hayd, Virginity or a Wound

Pregnant Woman Finds Blood

Blood Because of Childbirth

Blood Discharge after a Woman’s Experiencing Discharge-Free Period after Childbirth and Blood Discharge before Birth or after Childbirth

Matters Necessary for Women during Hayd at the Times of Salah (prayer)

Women Find Hayd Blood after the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) Before Performing It Or Become Clean Before the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) But Are Too Lazy for Ghusl (bath)

Women Feel Hayd during Salah (Prayer)

Women Must Make-up-for Fasting Because of Hayd but Not Salah (Prayer) 

Women’s Reading the Holy Quran During Hayd or Child-birth 

Women during Hayd Can Pick up Things from a Masjid but Must Not Leave Anything Therein

Women’s Hayd (menses) Stops, Comes Again and the Time of Menopause

Women’s Using Medicine to Have Hayd (menses) after It Stops 

Using Dye during Hayd (menses) 

Washing Clothes of Women during Hayd 

Women During Hayd Pick up Prayer Rug or Water 

Causes of Death and that Believing People May Die by any Manner of Dying 

The Reward for a Person Suffering from Illness 

Another Section on the Same Subject 

The Limits of Complaints 

A Patient’s Giving Permission to His Visitors 

How Often a Patient Should Be Visited, How Long the Duration of Visitation Should Be and Complete Visit 

The Limit of a Sudden Death 

The Virtue (Reward) of Visiting a Patient 

Dictations to a Dying Person

Difficulty in Dying (If Dying Becomes Difficult and the Agony of Death Intense) 

Facing the Dying Person Toward Qiblah

A Believing Person Is Not Caused to Die Against His Will

Things that Believers and Unbelievers See in Dying Conditions

Taking out of the Souls of Believing and Unbelievers

Burial Should Take Place Immediately

Rare Ahadith

Women during Hayd Nurse a Patient (The following chapters are about rules of washing a dead body for burial, shrouding and other matters of burial, and are best explained in the form of fatwa. Consult current fatwa about them.)

Washing a Dead Body

Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding

Shrouding a Deceased Women

Undesirability of Perfuming the Shroud or Warming Water for Washing Dead Bodies

The Desirable Pieces of Shroud and the Undesirable Ones

The Amount of Water Needed for Ghusl (bath) of a Deceased Person

The Two Fresh Al-Jaridah (Twigs of Palm Tree)

Persons Dead Without Shower Due to Carnal Relations Hayd or Child Birth Reasons

Chapter 26- Dead Woman with a Baby Moving Inside Her

Cutting of Nails and Hairs of Dead Person Undesirable

Things Coming Out of a Dead Body after Ghusl (bath)

Washing of Persons of opposite Gender

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مِنْ فِقْهِ الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَرْتَادَ مَوْضِعاً لِبَوْلِهِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from af-Nawfafiy from af-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ’It is of proper understanding (of law) for a man to search for and prepare a place for urination.’” 

2ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ (عَلَيْهِما الْسَّلام) أَيْنَ يَتَوَضَّأُ الْغُرَبَاءُ قَالَ يَتَّقِي شُطُوطَ الأنْهَارِ وَالطُّرُقَ النَّافِذَةَ وَتَحْتَ الأشْجَارِ الْمُثْمِرَةِ وَمَوَاضِعَ اللَّعْنِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَأَيْنَ مَوَاضِعُ اللَّعْنِ قَالَ أَبْوَابُ الدُّورِ.

2. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Asim ibn Humayd who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man asked Ali ibn Al-Husayn (a.s.), ‘Where should outsiders take Wudu’?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘They should avoid places like the banks of the canals, open roads, under fruit-bearing trees and places that may subject one to public condemnation.’ Someone asked, ‘What kind of places are such?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One example is the front portions of the doors of houses.’” 

3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بِإِسْنَادِهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) مَا حَدُّ الْغَائِطِ قَالَ لاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ وَلاَ تَسْتَدْبِرْهَا وَلاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الرِّيحَ وَلاَ تَسْتَدْبِرْهَا. وَرُوِيَ أَيْضاً فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ لاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّمْسَ وَلاَ الْقَمَرَ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya through the chain of his narrators in a marfu‘ manner has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), was asked about (one’s condition) when defecating. He (the Imam) said, ‘One should not face the direction of al-Ka‘bah, turn one’s back toward al-Ka‘bah, face the direction from which wind blows or turn one’s back to such direction.’” It is narrated in another Hadith that one should not face toward the sun or moon (when using the toilet). 

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ نَهَى النَّبِيُّ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنْ يُطَمِّحَ الرَّجُلُ بِبَوْلِهِ مِنَ السَّطْحِ أَوْ مِنَ الشَّيْ‏ءِ الْمُرْتَفِعِ فِي الْهَوَاءِ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy prophet prohibited one’s allowing his urine to sprinkle from rooftops or high places in the air.” 

5ـ عَلِيُّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَائِمٌ وَهُوَ غُلاَمٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَا غُلاَمُ أَيْنَ يَضَعُ الْغَرِيبُ بِبَلَدِكُمْ فَقَالَ اجْتَنِبْ أَفْنِيَةَ الْمَسَاجِدِ وَشُطُوطَ الأنْهَارِ وَمَسَاقِطَ الثِّمَارِ وَمَنَازِلَ النُّزَّالِ وَلاَ تَسْتَقْبِلِ الْقِبْلَةَ بِغَائِطٍ وَلاَ بَوْلٍ وَارْفَعْ ثَوْبَكَ وَضَعْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated in a marfu‘ manner the following: “Once, abu Hanifah came out of a meeting with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.). Abu al-Hassan, Musa, a young boy at that time, was standing in the meeting place. Abu Hanifah asked him, ‘O young man, where does an outsider relieve himself of nature’s demand in your town?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘You must avoid the courtyard of a Masjid, banks of canals, places where fruits fall from trees and people’s rest areas. Do not face the direction of al-Ka‘bah, when defecating or urinating and keep your clothes away (from pollution). Thereafter relieve yourself wherever you like.’” 

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَرْخِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) ثَلاَثُ خِصَالٍ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ فَعَلَهُنَّ الْمُتَغَوِّطُ فِي ظِلِّ النُّزَّالِ وَالْمَانِعُ الْمَاءَ الْمُنْتَابَ وَسَادُّ الطَّرِيقِ الْمَسْلُوكِ. 

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Salih ibn ‘Uqbah from Ibrahim al-Karkhiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Three characteristics subject one to condemnation: Defecating in the shadows which are used as rest areas, obstructing people from reaching water for public use or public road.” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 3

Book 1, Chapter 11