Foreword

Reward for the Monotheists and Gnostics

Divine Unity and‬‬ Negation of Anthropomorphism

The Definition of One, Divine Unity, and the Believer in Divine Unity

The Commentary of Chapter 112 the Unity [al-Tawhid]

The Meaning of Divine Unity and Divine Justice

The Mighty and High is Devoid of both Body and Image

The Blessed and Exalted is a Thing

What is Related Regarding the Vision

Omnipotence

Knowledge

Attributes of Essence and Attributes of Actions

The Commentary of verse 88 of Chapter 28 the Narrative [al-Qasas] Everything is perishable but He.

The Commentary of Verse 75 of Chapter 38 Sad O Iblis! What prevented you that you should do obeisance to him whom I created with My Two Hands?

The Commentary of Verse 42 of Chapter 68 Qalam - On the Day when there shall be a severe affliction, and they shall be called upon to make obeisance

The Commentary of Verse 35 of Chapter 24 the Light [al-Nur]

The Commentary of Verse 67 of Chapter 9 the Repentance [al-Tawbah] They have forsaken Allah, so He has forsaken them.

The Commentary of Verse 67 of Chapter 39 the Companies [al-Zumar] And the whole Earth shall be in His Grip on the Day of Resurrection and the Heavens rolled up in his Right Hand.

The Commentary of Verse 15 of Chapter 83 the Defrauders [al-Mutaffifin] Nay! Most surely they shall on that day be debarred from their Lord.

The Commentary of Verse 22 of Chapter 89 the Daybreak [al-Fajr] And your Lord comes and (also) the angels in ranks.

The Commentary of Verse 210 of Chapter 2 the Cow [al-Baqarah] They do not wait aught but that Allah should come to them in the shadow of clouds along with the angels.

Meaning of Scoffing, Mockery, Planning and Deception of Allah

The Meaning of Allah’s Side

The Meaning of the Waistband

Meaning of the Eye, the Ear, and the Tongue of Allah

The Meaning of Allah’s Hand is Tied Up

The Meaning of His Pleasure and His Anger

The Meaning of Allah’s Breathing of Spirit And I breathed into him of My Sprit.

Negation of Space, Time, Stillness, Motion, Descending, Ascending, and Transference from Allah

The Names of Allah, the Exalted,‬‬ and the Difference between their Meanings and the Meaning of the‬‬ Names of Creation

What is the Qur’an?

The Meaning of “In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful”

The Explanation of‬‬ the Letters of the Alphabet.

The Explanation of the Letters of the Alphabet According to Their Numerical Value

The Explanation of the Words of the Calls to Prayer

The Commentary of Guidance, Misguidance, Direction, and Forsaking is from Allah, the Exalted

The Refutation of the Dualists & the Atheists

There is no‬‬ god but the One God

The‬‬ Remembrance of Allah’s Greatness, Mighty be His Glory

The Subtlety of Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted

The Least Required for Recognizing Diving Unity

He, the Mighty and High, in not Recognized, Except by Himself.

The Assertion of the Emergence of the Universe

The Tradition of Dhi`lib.

The Tradition of Subakht, the Jewish Man

The Meaning of “Glory be to Allah” [Subhan Allah]

The Meaning of Allah is the Greatest [Allahu Akbar]

The Meaning of the First and the Last

the Most Compassionate is Firm on the Empyrean.

His Empyrean was on the Water

The Empyrean and Its‬‬ Description

The Empyrean was Created in Quarters

The Meaning of `His Knowledge Extend over the Heavens and the Earth’

Allah made the Nature of the Creation upon Divine Unity

The Appearance [Al-Bada’]

The Will and the Intent

Capability

The Trial and the Test

Privilege and Adversity

The Negation of Determinism and Relinquishment

Predestination, Divine Decree, Trials, Means of Sustenance Rates, and Restricted Powers

Children and Allah’s Justice Concerning Them

Allah only does what is best for His servants

Command, Prohibition, Promise and Threat

Recognition, Explanation, Evidence, and Guidance

A Session of al-Ridha (AS‬‬) with Theologians from Among the Rhetoricians and Various‬‬ Religions about Unity in the presence of al-Ma`mun

A Session of al-Ridha (AS) with Sulayman al-Marwazi, the Theologian of Khurasan, in‬‬ the Presece of al-Ma`mun concerning the Subject of Divine Unity.

The Prohibition of Discussing, Debating, and Arguing about Allah

1 - حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن عمران الدقاق رحمه الله قال: حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبد الله الكوفي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل البرمكي، قال: حدثنا الحسين بن الحسن، قال: حدثني أبي، عن حنان بن سدير، قال: سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام عن العرش والكرسي، فقال: إن للعرش صفات كثيرة مختلفة، له في كل سبب وضع في القرآن صفة على حدة  فقوله: (رب العرش العظيم) يقول: الملك العظيم، وقوله: (الرحمن على العرش استوى) يقول: على الملك احتوى، وهذا ملك الكيفوفية الأشياء  ثم العرش في الوصل متفرد من الكرسي  لأنهما بابان من أكبر أبواب الغيوب، وهما جميعا غيبان، وهما في الغيب مقرونان لأن الكرسي هو الباب الظاهر  من الغيب الذي منه مطلع البدع ومنه الأشياء كلها، والعرش هو الباب الباطن الذي يوجد فيه علم الكيف والكون والقدر والحد والأين والمشية وصفة الإرادة، وعلم الألفاظ والحركات والترك، وعلم العود والبدء  فهما في العلم بابان مقرونان لأن ملك العرش سوى ملك الكرسي وعلمه أغيب من علم الكرسي، فمن ذلك قال: (رب العرش العظيم) أي صفته أعظم من صفة الكرسي وهما في ذلك مقرونان، قلت: جعلت فداك فلم صار في الفضل جار الكرسي؟ قال: إنه صار جاره لأن علم الكيفوفية فيه، وفيه الظاهر من أبواب البداء وأينيتها  وحد رتقها وفتقها، فهذان جاران أحدهما حمل صاحبه في الصرف (١) وبمثل صرف العلماء (٢) و يستدلوا على صدق دعواهما (٣) لأنه يختص برحمته من يشاء وهو القوي العزيز. فمن اختلاف صفات العرش (٤) أنه قال تبارك وتعالى: ﴿رب العرش عما يصفون﴾  وهو وصف عرش الوحدانية لأن قوما أشركوا كما قلت لك  قال تبارك وتعالى: (رب العرش) رب الوحدانية عما يصفون، وقوما وصفوه بيدين فقالوا: (يد الله مغلولة) وقوما وصفوه بالرجلين فقالوا: وضع رجله على صخرة بيت المقدس فمنها ارتقى إلى السماء  وقوما وصفوه بالأنامل فقالوا: إن محمدا صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قال: إني وجدت برد أنامله على قلبي، فلمثل هذه الصفات قال: (رب العرش عما يصفون) يقول رب المثل الأعلى عما به مثلوه (١) ولله المثل الأعلى الذي لا يشبهه شئ ولا يوصف ولا يتوهم، فذلك المثل الأعلى، ووصف الذين لم يؤتوا من الله فوائد العلم فوصفوا ربهم بأدنى الأمثال وشبهوه بالمتشابه منهم فيما جهلوا به (٢) فلذلك قال: (وما أوتيتم من العلم إلا قليلا) فليس له شبه ولا مثل ولا عدل، وله الأسماء الحسنى التي لا يسمى بها غيره، وهي التي وصفها في الكتاب فقال: ﴿فادعوه بها وذروا الذين يلحدون في أسمائه﴾ ﴿٣) جهلا بغير علم، فالذي يلحد في أسمائه بغير علم يشرك وهو لا يعلم ويكفر به وهو يظن أنه يحسن، فلذلك قال: وما يؤمن أكثرهم بالله إلا وهم مشركون﴾  فهم الذين يلحدون في أسمائه بغير علم فيضعونها غير مواضعها، يا حنان إن الله تبارك وتعالى أمر أن يتخذ قوم أولياء، فهم الذين أعطاهم الله الفضل وخصهم بما لم يخص به غيرهم، فأرسل محمدا صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم فكان الدليل على الله بأذن الله عز وجل حتى مضى دليلا هاديا فقام من بعده وصيه عليه السلام دليلا هاديا على ما كان هو دل عليه من أمر ربه من ظاهر علمه، ثم الأئمة الراشدون عليهم السلام.  باب أن العرش خلق أرباعا  

‫‪1. `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn `Imran al-Daqqaq (rah) said:‬‬ ‫‪Muhammad ibn Abu `Abd Allah al-Kufi said: Muhammad ibn Isma`il al-Barmaki said: al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan said: My father related to me, on the authority of Hannan ibn Sadir that‬‬ I asked Abu `Abdillah (AS) about the Empyrean and the Throne. Hence, he said: Verily, the Empyrean has many different meanings which differ on the basis of their context in the Qur’an. By His Word: The Lord of the great Empyrean, He is that Great Sovereign. And by His Word: The Most Compassionate God is firm on the Empyrean, He encompasses by means of His Sovereignty, and this is sovereignty of qualities in things. The connection between the Empyrean and the Throne is unique as they are both openings to the greatest openings of the unseen. Although they are both unseen, they are both connected, because the Throne is the apparent opening from which are the innovation and all the things. The Empyrean is the hidden opening in which is found the knowledge of quality, existence, the divine decree, the boundaries, space, will intent, knowledge of words, actions, neglect, and the knowledge of the return and the beginning. Thus, they are both connected openings in knowledge, because the sovereignty of the Empyrean is different from the sovereignty of the Throne, and His Knowledge is more unseen than the Knowledge of the Throne. Therefore, it is for this reason that he said: The Lord of the great Empyrean, i.e. its description is grate than the description of the Throne, and they are both connected in that.” <br>I asked, “May I be your ransom. Why does it share the same merit as the Throne?” He (AS) replied, Verily, it shares in its merit because of the knowledge of quality they both contain. However, the Throne has the apparent openings of the beginning and its whereabouts, and the limits of contraction and expansion. Therefore, these two are partners: one of them is the carrier of its partner in exchange. It is similar to the exchange of scholars, so they may reason in their claim over the truth of these two, because Allah specifies His Mercy to whomever He wills. And He is the Powerful, the Honorable. Among the different descriptions of the Empyrean is that He, the Blessed and Exalted said: Lord of the Empyrean from what they attribute (to Him). He described the Empyrean of the Oneness, because a group had associated (Him with it), like I explained to you. The Blessed and Exalted said: Lord of the Empyrean, i.e. Lord of the Oneness from what they attribute. A group attributed Him with two hands, so they said: The Hand of Allah is tied up. A group attributed Him with two feet, and said: “ “He put His Foot over the rock of the Sacred House [bayt al-muqaddas], and from there He ascended to heaven.” A group attributed Him with fingertips, and said: “Verily, Muhammad (sw) said: `I found the coolness of His Fingertips on my heart.” For the likeness of these attributes He said: Lord of the empyrean from what they attribute (to Him), that Lord of the highest example from what they resemble Him with. For Allah is the highest attribute, which no one resembles, and He cannot be described or imagined. That is the highest attribute. The one who have not been given benefits of knowledge, describe their Lord with adjectives which are below Him. They anthropomorphise Him and compare Him with that which they are ignorant of. And you have been given only a little portion of knowledge. Thus, He has no compeer, no likeness, and no equal. And Allah’s are the best names, with which no one is named but He. These are the ones that He described in the Book, and said: Therefore, call on Him thereby, and leave alone those who violate the sanctity of his names; ignorantly, and without knowledge. <br>Therefore, the ones who violate the sanctity of His Names without knowledge, and describe Him out of ignorance, actually deny Him while thinking that they are doing good deeds. That is why He has said: And most of them do not believe in Allah without associating others (with Him). Hence, they are the ones who violate the sanctity of His Names out of ignorance through misplacing His Names. O Hannan! Verily, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, has commanded to take a group to be `the Guardians.’ They are the ones Allah has bestowed with merit, and described them in terms with which He has not described others. Thus, He sent Muhammad (sw). He was a guide and leader to Allah until he passed away, with the authorization of the Mighty and High. Then his successor stood in his place as a guide and leader with knowledge according to the guidance and command of the Lord. He was followed by the other Rightly-Guided Imams (AS) [at-A`mmat al-Rashidun].”

Al-Tawḥīd

Book 2, Chapter 50