[1] Here Amīr al-mu’rninīn points to the view of ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb which he had on the allegiance of Abū Bakr on the day of Saqīfah when he said: “ . . . let me clarify this to you that the allegiance with Abū Bakr was a mistake and without thinking (faltah) but Allāh saved us from its evil. Therefore, whoever (intends to) acts like this you must kill him . . .” (aṣ-Ṣaḥīḥ, al-Bukhārī, vol. 8, p. 211; as-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Hishām, vol. 4, pp. 308-309; at-Tārīkh, aṭ-Ṭabarī, vol. 1., p. 1822; al-Kāmil, Ibn al-Athīr, vol. 2, p. 327; at-Tārīkh, Ibn Kathīr, vol. 5, pp. 245-246; al-Musnad, Amad ibn Ḥanbal, vol. 1, p. 55; as-Sīrah al-Ḥalabiyyah, vol. 3, pp. 388, 392; al-Anṣāb, al-Balādhurī, vol. 5, p. 15; at-Tarnhīd, al-Baqilānī, p. 196; ash-Sharḥ, Ibn Abi’l-Ḥadīd, vol. 2, p. 23)