هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْهَدْيَ مَعْكُوفًا أَن يَبْلُغَ مَحِلَّهُ وَلَوْلَا رِجَالٌ مُّؤْمِنُونَ وَنِسَاءٌ مُّؤْمِنَاتٌ لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوهُمْ أَن تَطَئُوهُمْ فَتُصِيبَكُم مِّنْهُم مَّعَرَّةٌ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ لِّيُدْخِلَ اللَّهُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ مَن يَشَاءُ لَوْ تَزَيَّلُوا لَعَذَّبْنَا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
They are the ones who disbelieved and barred you from the Sacred Mosque, and kept the offering from reaching its destination. And were it not for [certain] faithful men and faithful women, whom you did not know—lest you should trample them, and thus the blame for [killing] them should fall on you unawares; [He held you back] so that Allah may admit into His mercy whomever He wishes. Had they been separate, We would have surely punished the faithless among them with a painful punishment.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 48:25
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 48:25] There were believing men and women in Makka, observing taqiyyah, not known to their brethren from Madina. Had a fight taken place in Makka, they would unwittingly have killed some of these believing men and women, and thus would have been guilty of shedding the blood of believers. This was prevented by the treaty. It not only saved the lives of the believers among the Makkans but also of those who became Muslims afterwards and served Islam. If the Muslims of Madina could have distinguished the believers intermingled with the pagans population in Makka, or those believers could be separated, the Muslims might have been allowed to punish the disbelievers.