Ẓihar does not take effect if it is uttered in a state of anger, nor does it apply if the man pronounces ẓihar without intending to make his wife unlawful to him. If a slave performs ẓihar against his wife, he is required to fast for half the period that a free man must fast, and he is not obligated to free a slave or give charity because a slave owns no wealth. If a man says to his wife, "You are to me like some of my female relatives who are permanently unlawful to me," it is considered ẓihar. Likewise, if a man says to his wife, "You are to me as the back of my mother," or "like her stomach," or "like her hand," or "like her leg," or "like her ankle," or "like her hair," or "like any part of her body," with the intention of making her unlawful to him, it is also regarded as ẓihar. This was mentioned by Ibrahim ibn Hashim in his book Nawadir.