1510 - وَ فِي اَلْعِلَلِ اَلَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اَلْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ رَحِمَهُ اَللَّهُ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ لِلْكُسُوفِ صَلاَةٌ لِأَنَّهُ مِنْ آيَاتِ اَللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى لاَ يُدْرَى أَ لِرَحْمَةٍ ظَهَرَتْ أَمْ لِعَذَابٍ فَأَحَبَّ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنْ تَفْزَعَ أُمَّتُهُ إِلَى خَالِقِهَا وَ رَاحِمِهَا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ لِيَصْرِفَ عَنْهُمْ شَرَّهَا وَ يَقِيَهُمْ مَكْرُوهَهَا كَمَا صَرَفَ عَنْ قَوْمِ يُونُسَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ حِينَ تَضَرَّعُوا إِلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ عَشْرَ رَكَعَاتٍ لِأَنَّ أَصْلَ اَلصَّلاَةِ اَلَّتِي نَزَلَ فَرْضُهَا مِنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ أَوَّلاً فِي اَلْيَوْمِ وَ اَللَّيْلَةِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ عَشْرُ رَكَعَاتٍ فَجُمِعَتْ تِلْكَ اَلرَّكَعَاتُ هَاهُنَا وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ فِيهَا اَلسُّجُودُ لِأَنَّهُ لاَ تَكُونُ صَلاَةٌ فِيهَا رُكُوعٌ إِلاَّ وَ فِيهَا سُجُودٌ وَ لِأَنْ يَخْتِمُوا صَلاَتَهُمْ أَيْضاً بِالسُّجُودِ وَ اَلْخُضُوعِ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ لِأَنَّ كُلَّ صَلاَةٍ نَقَصَ سُجُودُهَا مِنْ أَرْبَعِ سَجَدَاتٍ لاَ تَكُونُ صَلاَةً لِأَنَّ أَقَلَّ اَلْفَرْضِ مِنَ اَلسُّجُودِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ لاَ يَكُونُ إِلاَّ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ وَ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يُجْعَلْ بَدَلَ اَلرُّكُوعِ سُجُودٌ لِأَنَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَائِماً أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ قَاعِداً وَ لِأَنَّ اَلْقَائِمَ يَرَى اَلْكُسُوفَ وَ اَلْأَعْلَى وَ اَلسَّاجِدَ لاَ يَرَى وَ إِنَّمَا غُيِّرَتْ عَنْ أَصْلِ اَلصَّلاَةِ اَلَّتِي اِفْتَرَضَهَا اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِأَنَّهُ تُصَلَّى لِعِلَّةِ تَغَيُّرِ أَمْرٍ مِنَ اَلْأُمُورِ وَ هُوَ اَلْكُسُوفُ فَلَمَّا تَغَيَّرَتِ اَلْعِلَّةُ تَغَيَّرَ اَلْمَعْلُولُ.
Hadith.1510 - In the explanations attributed to al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, narrated from Imam al-Ridha 
, He said: "The prayer for the eclipse was instituted because it is one of the signs of Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, and it is not known whether it appeared as a mercy or as a punishment. Therefore, The Prophet ﷺ wanted his community to turn in supplication to their Creator and Merciful Lord (azj) at such moments so that He might avert its harm from them and protect them from its displeasure, just as He protected the people of Yunus (Jonah) when they turned to Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious, in supplication."
He continued: "It was established with ten units of prayer because the original prayer, whose obligation was revealed from the heavens, initially consisted of ten units during the day and night, so these units were combined here. The inclusion of prostration is because any prayer that contains bowing must also contain prostration, and it serves to conclude their prayer with submission and humility. Four prostrations were specified because any prayer lacking four prostrations cannot be considered a valid prayer, as the minimum obligatory prostrations in a prayer are four. The reason that bowing (Ruku') was not substituted with prostration is that prayer standing up is superior to prayer sitting down, and because one standing can witness the eclipse above, whereas one in prostration cannot see it."
He added: "The prayer for the eclipse was altered from the original form of prayer that Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious, had prescribed because it is performed due to a change in one of the natural phenomena, the eclipse. When the cause changes, the practice associated with it changes accordingly."
