The bound of travel in which taqsir (shortening) is obligatory in the prayer and the iftar in the fast is eight parasangs. So, if the man’s travel is four parasangs, and he did not want to return on the same day, then he has a choice whether to complete (the full prayer) if he wants or to shorten if he wants. If he intends to return on the same day, then taqsir is obligatory upon him. Someone whose travel is one of disobedience (i.e. sin), then completion in the fast and prayer is [obligatory] upon him. The one who completes [his prayer] in travel is as one who shortens in residence. Those upon whom completion in the prayer and the fast is obligatory in travel are: the pack-animal driver, the camel driver, the ishtiqan (?) – and he is the courier (?) – the shepherd, and the sailor, for it is their work. Also, the companion of the hunt if his hunt is out of vanity or merriment. If his hunt was out of what he supports his dependents thereby, then taqsir is [obligatory] upon him in the fast and salat. It is not of piety that the man fast a voluntary [fast] in his travel. It is not permissible for the one who breaks his fast in travel in the month of Ramadan to have sexual intercourse (i.e. during the day).