وَ الظِّهَارُ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ هِيَ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ وَ يَسْكُتَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُجَامِعَ فَإِنْ جَامَعَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ لَزِمَتْهُ كَفَّارَةٌ أُخْرَى فَإِنْ قَالَ هِيَ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ إِنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى يَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءَ وَ يُجَامِعَ فَتَلْزَمُهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ إِذَا فَعَلَ مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْكَفَّارَةُ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ صَامَ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً.
Ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) occurs in two forms. The first is when a man says to his wife, "You are to me as the back of my mother," and remains silent without adding any conditions. In this case, he must offer expiation before engaging in intercourse with her. If he engages in intercourse before performing the expiation, he becomes obligated to offer another expiation. The second form is when a man says to his wife, "You are to me as the back of my mother if I do such and such." In this case, no expiation is required until he actually does the specified action and then engages in intercourse with her. Once he carries out what he swore upon and has intercourse, the expiation becomes mandatory. The prescribed expiation for ẓihar is to free a slave. If he cannot find a slave, he must fast for two consecutive months before resuming relations with his wife. If he is unable to fast, he must feed sixty poor people, giving each person a mudd (a specific measure) of food. If he cannot afford that, he must fast for eighteen days.
