Submission of Intellect and its Excellence

Sign of Perfection of Intellect

Merit of Knowledge and the Scholar and the Obligation of Knowledge

Reward of the Scholar and the Seeker of Knowledge

Attributes of the Scholar

Asking the Scholar and Discussing with Him

Prohibition on Speaking without Knowledge and Ruling based on Opinion

Accountability of the Scholar and its Severity

Miscellaneous from the Book of Intellect and Knowledge‎

Transmitting the Narration Non-Verbatim

Prohibition of Blind Following

Regarding Innovation and Analogical Reasoning

Ruling of Everything is in the Book and the Sunna

Prohibition on Debate and Argumentation

Some of the Reasons for Differences in the Narrations

Fitting Response Appropriate to the Understanding of the Questioner and the Addressee

No Excuse for the Ignorant One who Falls Short

Narration that Contradicts the Qur’an

Prohibition of Giving Fatwa without Knowledge and Evidence

Everything has a Ruling in the Book and the Sunna

Permanence of the Halal and the Haram unto the Day of Judgment

What Can be Used to Infer some General Principles

Authoritativeness of the Book and the Sunna

Principle of Precaution

Authoritativeness of the Solitary Report of a Truthful Narrator

Principle of “Whomsoever it reaches …”

Necessity of Comparing the Hadith with the Qur’an

Judging Conflict between Narrations

Reasons for Differences between Narrations

Invalidation of Analogical Reasoning

Primary Doubts

Principle of Continuity

Legal Injunctions are Predicated on Pubescence

Principle of ’No Harm’

Ijtihad

Lapsing of both Injunctive and Declaratory Rulings in Cases of Necessity

Some Rulings which are Time-Bound

Precedence is Given to what has been Established by the Qur’an over the Sunna

One of the Reasons for Differences between Narrations

Principle of Impartiality

What has been Lifted from the Umma

Aban b. Taghlib

Ibrahim b. Abi Mahmud

Ibrahim b. Abda

Ahmad b. Hammad al-Marwazi and his son Muhammad

Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr al-Bazanti

Usama b. Zayd

Ishaq b. Ammar

Ismail b. Ja`far and Abdallah b. Sharik

Bazi`, al-Sarri, Bashshar and Bayan

Bukayr

al-Hakam, Salama, Kathir, Salim and Abu al-Miqdam

Abu Sasan, Ammar, Shatira and Abu Amra

Jabir b. Abdallah al-Ansari and Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju`fi

al-Ash`ath, Jarir and Simak

Ja`far b. Isa, Salih and Abu al-Asad

al-Harith b. al-Mughira

Hariz and Hudhayfa

Hasan al-Muthalath

Abu Ali b. Rashid and Ali b. al-Husayn b. Abd Rabbi

al-Hasan and al-Husayn the two sons of Zurara

al-Husayn b. Qayama

al-Husayn b. Mihran

al-Hakam b. Utayba

Hammad b. Isa

Humran b. A`yan

Hamza b. Bazi`

Hayyan al-Sarraj

Khuzayma b. Thabit

Khayran al-Khadim

Dawud b. Farqad and Harun b. Sa`d

Dharih b. Muhammad al-Muharibi

al-Rayyan b. al-Salt

Zurara b. A`yan

Zakariyya b. Sabur

Ziyad b. Marwan al-Qandi

Ziyad b. al-Mundhir Abu al-Jarud

Zayd b. Ali

Salim b. Mukram

Sukayn al-Nakhai

Simak b. Kharasha

Sahl b. Hunayf

Salih b. Muhammad b. Sahl

Sa`sa`a b. Suhan

Safwan b. Mihran al-Jammal

Safwan b. Yahya

Dhurays b. Abd al-Malik

A`sim b. Umar al-Bajali and Ka`b al-Ahbar

`Amir b. Wathila

`Abbad al-Basri

Abd al-Hamid b. Salim and Muhammad b. Ismail b. Bazi`

Abd al-Khaliq b. Abd Rabbi

Abdallah b. Abi Ya`fur

Abdallah b. al-Imam al-Sadiq

Abdallah b. Jundab

Abdallah b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan al-Mujtaba

Abdallah b. Saba

Abdallah b. Shubruma

Abdallah b. Ajlan and Muyassir b. Abd al-Aziz

Abdallah b. Umayr al-Laythi

[379/1] معاني الاخبار: أبي، عن علي، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن ابن اذينة، عن زرارة قال: سألت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن قول الله عزوجل حُنَفَاءَ لِلَّهِ غَيْرَ مُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ فقلت: ما الحنيفية؟ قال: هي الفطرة

1. [1/379] Ma’ani al-Akhbar: My father from Ali from his father from Ibn Abi Umayr from Ibn Udhayna from Zurara who said: I asked Aba Ja’far عليه السلام about the words of Allah Mighty and Majestic: “Hunafa for Allah, not associating with Him (anything)” (22:31). I said: What is the Hanifiyya? He said: The Fitra.

[380/2] التوحيد: ابن الوليد، عن الصفار، عن ابن هاشم، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن هشام بن سالم، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: قلت: فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا قال: التوحيد

2. [2/380] al-Tawhid: Ibn al-Walid from al-Saffar from Ibn Hashim from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hisham b. Salim from Abi Abdillah عليه السلام. He (Hisham) said: I said: “The Fitra of Allah which He created the people upon” (30:30)? He (the Imam) said: (that is) Tawhid.

[381/3] التوحيد: ابن الوليد، عن الصفار، عن ابن هاشم وابن يزيد معا، عن ابن فضال، عن ابن بكير، عن زرارة، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام في قول الله عزوجل فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا قال: فطرهم على التوحيد

3. [3/381] al-Tawhid: Ibn al-Walid from al-Saffar from Ibn Hashim and Ibn Yazid from Ibn Fadhal from Ibn Bukayr from Zurara from Abi Abdillah عليه السلام about the words of Allah Mighty and Majestic: “The Fitra of Allah which He created the people upon” (30:30). He said: He created them upon Tawhid.

[-/4] الكافي: على بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن أحمد بن محمد بن أبي نصر، عن أبان بن عثمان، عن إسماعيل الجعفي، عن أبى جعفر عليه السلام قال: كانت شريعة نوح عليه السلام أن يعبد الله بالتوحيد والإخلاص وخلع الأنداد وهي الفطرة التي فطر الناس عليها ...

4. [4/-] al-Kafi: Ali b. Ibrahim from his father from Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abi Nasr from Aban b. Uthman from Ismail al-Ju’fi from Abi Ja’far عليه السلام who said: The Sharia (Law-code) of Nuhعليه السلام  was that Allah be worshipped by Tawhid and Ikhlas (sincerity) and to shun the idols - and it is the Fitra which He created the people upon … 

[382/5] التوحيد: ابن المتوكل، عن علي بن إبراهيم، عن اليقطيني، عن يونس، عن عبد الله بن سنان، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: سألته عن قول الله عزوجل فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا ما تلك الفطرة؟ قال: هي الاسلام فطرهم الله حين أخذ ميثاقهم على التوحيد فقال أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ وفيهم المؤمن والكافر

5. [5/382] al-Tawhid: Ibn al-Mutawakkil from Ali b. Ibrahim from al-Yaqtini from Yunus from Abdallah b. Sinan from Abi Abdillah عليه السلام. He (Abdallah) said: I asked him about the words of Allah Mighty and Majestic: “The Fitra of Allah which He created the people upon” (30:30) - what is that Fitra? He said: It is Islam (submission). Allah created them upon it when He took their Covenant upon Tawhid - He said: “Am I not your Lord?” (7:172), and among them were believers and disbelievers.     

[383/6] التوحيد: أبي، عن سعد، عن أحمد وعبد الله ابني محمد بن عيسى، عن ابن محبوب، عن ابن رئاب، عن زرارة قال: سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام عن قول الله عزوجل فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا قال: فطرهم جميعا على التوحيد

6. [6/383] al-Tawhid: My father from Sa’d from Ahmad and Abdallah the two sons of Muhammad b. Isa from Ibn Mahbub from Ibn Riab from Zurara who said: I asked Aba Abdillah عليه السلام about the words of Allah Mighty and Majestic: “The Fitra of Allah which He created the people upon” (30:30). He said: He created them all upon Tawhid.

[384/7] التوحيد: أبي، عن سعد، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن ابيه، عن ابن المغيرة، عن ابن مسكان، عن زرارة قال: قلت لابي جعفر عليه السلام: أصلحك الله قول الله عزوجل في كتابه فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا قال: فطرهم على التوحيد عند الميثاق على معرفته أنه ربهم قلت: وخاطبوه؟ قال: فطأطأ رأسه ثم قال: لولا ذلك لم يعلموا من ربهم ولا من رازقهم

7. [7/384] al-Tawhid: My father from Sa’d from Ahmad b. Muhammad from his father from Ibn al-Mughira from Ibn Muskan from Zurara who said: I said to Abi Ja’far عليه السلام: May Allah set you aright, the words of Allah Mighty and Majestic in His book: “The Fitra of Allah which He created the people upon” (30:30)? He (the Imam) said: He created them upon Tawhid, at the Covenant, upon His Ma’rifa (Recognition) that He is their Lord. I said: Did they address Him? He (Zurara) said: so he (the Imam) lowered his head and then said: If it were not for that they would not know who their Lord is nor who their Sustainer is.     

[385/8] التوحيد: أبي، عن سعد، عن ابن هاشم وابن أبي الخطاب وابن يزيد جميعا، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن ابن اذينة، عن زرارة، عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام قال: سألته عن قول الله عزوجل حُنَفَاءَ لِلَّهِ غَيْرَ مُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ وعن الحنيفية فقال: هي الفطرة التي فطر الناس عليها، لا تبديل لخلق الله، قال: فطرهم الله على المعرفة. قال زرارة: وسألته عن قول الله وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ الآية قال: أخرج من ظهر آدم ذريته إلى يوم القيامة فخرجوا كالذر فعرفهم وأراهم صنعه و لولا ذلك لم يعرف أحد ربه. وقال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: كل مولود يولد على الفطرة، يعني على المعرفة بأن الله عزوجل خالقه، فذلك قوله وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ 

8. [8/385] al-Tawhid: My father from Sa’d from Ibn Hashim, Ibn Abi al-Khattab and Ibn Yazid from Ibn Abi Umayr from Ibn Udhayna from Zurara from Abi Ja’far عليه السلام. He (Zurara) said: I asked him about the words of Allah Mighty and Majestic: “Hunafa for Allah, not associating with Him (anything)” (22:31) and about the Hanifiyya (what is it)? He said: It is the Fitra which He created the people upon, there is no change in the creation of Allah. He (also) said: Allah created them upon the Ma’rifa (Recognition). Zurara said: and I asked him about the words of Allah: “and when your Lord took from the children of Adam from their backs …” (7:172). He said: He removed from the back of Adam his descendants up to the Day of Judgment, they came out like particles, then he made known to them and showed them His creation, and if it were not for that then no one would recognize (know) his Lord. He (the Imam) also said: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وآله said: “Every new born is born upon the Fitra”, that is, with the Ma’rifa (Recognition) that Allah Mighty and Majestic is his Creator. This then is His (Allah’s) words: “and if you were to ask them - who created the heavens and the earth - they will say Allah” (39:38)

[-/9] علل الشرائع: أبي، عن سعد، عن محمد بن عيسى، عن الحسن بن فضال، عن ابن بكير، عن زرارة قال: سألت أبا جعفر عليه السلام عن قول الله عزوجل: وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى قال: ثبتت المعرفة ونسوا الوقت وسيذكرونه يوما، ولولا ذلك لم يدر أحد من خالقه ولا من رازقه

9. [9/-] Ilal al-Sharai: My father from Sa’d from Muhammad b. Isa from al-Hasan b. Fadhal from Ibn Bukayr from Zurara who said: I asked Aba Ja’far عليه السلام about the words of Allah Mighty and Majestic: “When your Lord took from the Children of Adam from their backs their descendants and made them bear witness against their own selves - am I not your Lord? They said: Indeed” (7:172). He said: The Ma’rifa (Recognition) was confirmed but they forgot the time (when this episode occurred) and they will come to remember it one day. If it were not for that no one would know who his Creator is nor who his Sustainer is.   

Muʿjam al-Aḥādīth al-Muʿtabara

Book 4, Chapter 9