33. The Crafts (Technologies)
Back to book1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ جَدِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْتَرِفَ الأمِينَ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُحِبُّ الْمُؤْمِنَ الْمُحْتَرِفَ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Qasim ibn Yahya from his grandfather, al-Hassan ibn Rashid from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, loves persons who are trustworthy and possess technical skills/” In another Hadith it is said, ‘Allah, most High, loves the skillful believer.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: ضعيف وآخره مرسل - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (19/71)
2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ سَدِيرٍ الصَّيْرَفِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) حَدِيثٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ فَإِنْ كَانَ حَقّاً فَإِنَّا للهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ قَالَ وَمَا هُوَ قُلْتُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ الْبَصْرِيَّ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَوْ غَلَى دِمَاغُهُ مِنْ حَرِّ الشَّمْسِ مَا اسْتَظَلَّ بِحَائِطِ صَيْرَفِيٍّ وَلَوْ تَفَرَّثَ كَبِدُهُ عَطَشاً لَمْ يَسْتَسْقِ مِنْ دَارِ صَيْرَفِيٍّ مَاءً وَهُوَ عَمَلِي وَتِجَارَتِي وَفِيهِ نَبَتَ لَحْمِي وَدَمِي وَمِنْهُ حَجِّي وَعُمْرَتِي فَجَلَسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ كَذَبَ الْحَسَنُ خُذْ سَوَاءً وَأَعْطِ سَوَاءً فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاةُ فَدَعْ مَا بِيَدِكَ وَانْهَضْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْكَهْفِ كَانُوا صَيَارِفَةً.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Salih ibn al-Sindiy from Ja’far ibn Bashir from Khalid ibn ‘ Urn a rah from Sadir al- Sayrafiy who has said the following: “I once said to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘A Hadith has reached me from al-Hassan al-Basriy. If it is a true Hadith then, ‘We are for Allah and to Him we return.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What does it say?’ ‘I am told that al-Hassan al-Basriy would say that even if his brain comes to a boiling point due to the hot sun, he will not seek shelter of the shadow of a wall that belongs to a money changer. Even if his liver cracks down because of thirst he will not use the water that comes from the house of a money changer.’ This is my business and profession. With this business my flesh and blood have grown. With this business I have performed Hajj and ‘Umrah.’ He (the Imam) sat straight and said, ‘Al-Hassan has spoken a lie. Take with fairness and give with fairness. When it is time for Salat (prayer), stop doing business and rise for Salat (prayer). Did you know that people of the cave were Say ar if ah (money exchangers)?”’
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: مجهول - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (9/71)
3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلا يَسْأَلُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُعَالِجُ الدَّقِيقَ وَأَبِيعُهُ وَالنَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ لا يَنْبَغِي فَقَالَ لَهُ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَمَا بَأْسُهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يُبَاعُ إِذَا اتَّقَى اللهَ فِيهِ الْعَبْدُ فَلا بَأْسَ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal who has said the following: “I heard a man asking abu al-Hassan, al-Rida, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘I prepare (special kind of flour) and sell it but people say that it should not be done.’ Al-Rida, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said to him, ‘What is wrong with it? There is no offense in selling things in which a servant maintains piety before Allah.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: موثق كالصحيح - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (19/72)
4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخُزَاعِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلاءِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَخَبَّرْتُهُ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ لِي غُلامٌ فَقَالَ أَلا سَمَّيْتَهُ مُحَمَّداً قَالَ قُلْتُ قَدْ فَعَلْتُ قَالَ فَلا تَضْرِبْ مُحَمَّداً وَلا تَسُبَّهُ جَعَلَهُ اللهُ قُرَّةَ عَيْنٍ لَكَ فِي حَيَاتِكَ وَخَلَفَ صِدْقٍ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فِي أَيِّ الأعْمَالِ أَضَعُهُ قَالَ إِذَا عَدَلْتَهُ عَنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ فَضَعْهُ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ لا تُسْلِمْهُ صَيْرَفِيّاً فَإِنَّ الصَّيْرَفِيَّ لا يَسْلَمُ مِنَ الرِّبَا وَلا تُسْلِمْهُ بَيَّاعَ الأكْفَانِ فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ الأكْفَانِ يَسُرُّهُ الْوَبَاءُ إِذَا كَانَ وَلا تُسْلِمْهُ بَيَّاعَ الطَّعَامِ فَإِنَّهُ لا يَسْلَمُ مِنَ الاحْتِكَارِ وَلا تُسْلِمْهُ جَزَّاراً فَإِنَّ الْجَزَّارَ تُسْلَبُ مِنْهُ الرَّحْمَةُ وَلا تُسْلِمْهُ نَخَّاساً فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) قَالَ شَرُّ النَّاسِ مَنْ بَاعَ النَّاسَ.
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ja’far ibn Yahya al-Khuza’iy from his father, Yahya ibn abu al-‘Ala’ from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once visited abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and informed him of the birth of my son. He asked, ‘Why do you not name him Muhammad?’ I replied, ‘I have already done so.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘You must not beat up a Muhammad and do not abuse him. Allah will make him the delight to your eyes during your life time as well as a truthful successor for you.’ I then asked, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, in what kind of profession should I involve him?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If you keep him away from five kinds of professions then instruct him in whatever you like. You must not train him in money changing business; he will not remain safe from unlawful interest. You must not teach him selling coffins; such people become happy with the coming of plague when such disease is around. You must not teach him in selling foods; they do not remain safe from stockpiling (hoarding) food. Do not instruct him as a butcher; it reduces his kindness. You must not instruct him in how to sell slaves; the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “The worst people are people sellers.’””
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: موثق - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (19/72)
5- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْطَيْتُ خَالَتِي غُلاماً وَنَهَيْتُهَا أَنْ تَجْعَلَهُ قَصَّاباً أَوْ حَجَّاماً أَوْ صَائِغاً.
5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “This is a narration of abu ‘Abd Allah, Ja’far ibn Muhammad, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. He (the Messenger of Allah) has said, ‘I gave a boy to my aunt and prohibited her from making him a butcher, cupping person or a jewelry carver.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: ضعيف كالموثق - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (9/72)
6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ زَنْجَوَيْهِ التَّفْلِيسِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْحَنَّاطِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الصَّيْقَلِ الرَّازِيِّ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَمَعِي ثَوْبَانِ فَقَالَ لِي يَا أَبَا إِسْمَاعِيلَ يَجِيئُنِي مِنْ قِبَلِكُمْ أَثْوَابٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَلَيْسَ يَجِيئُنِي مِثْلُ هَذَيْنِ الثَّوْبَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ تَحْمِلُهُمَا أَنْتَ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ تَغْزِلُهُمَا أُمُّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَأَنْسِجُهُمَا أَنَا فَقَالَ لِي حَائِكٌ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لا تَكُنْ حَائِكاً قُلْتُ فَمَا أَكُونُ قَالَ كُنْ صَيْقَلا وَكَانَتْ مَعِي مِائَتَا دِرْهَمٍ فَاشْتَرَيْتُ بِهَا سُيُوفاً وَمَرَايَا عُتُقاً وَقَدِمْتُ بِهَا الرَّيَّ فَبِعْتُهَا بِرِبْحٍ كَثِيرٍ.
6. Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Bandar has narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘ Abd Allah from al-Qasim ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim from Musa ibn Zanjawayh al-Taflisiy from abu ‘Amr al-Hannat from ‘Isma’il al-Sayqal al-Raziy who has said the following: “Once I visited abu ’Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam. I had two pieces of fabric materials with me. He (the Imam) said, ‘O abu Tsma’il, from your area people bring us many kinds of fabrics but not like these two pieces that you carry.’ I said, T pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, the mother of Tsma’il prepares threads and I weave them.’ He (the Imam) asked, ’Are you a weaver?’ I replied, ’Yes, I am a weaver.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not be a weaver.’ I then asked, ‘What kind of work then I should do?’ He (the Imam) said, ’Work as a sword polisher.’ I had two hundred dirhams with me with which I purchased swords and sold. I took them to al-Rayy, sold them and made a large profit.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: مجهول - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (19/73)
7- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي شَيْخٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا الْكُوفِيِّينَ قَالَ دَخَلَ عِيسَى بْنُ شَفَقِيٍّ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَكَانَ سَاحِراً يَأْتِيهِ النَّاسُ وَيَأْخُذُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الأجْرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَنَا رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ صِنَاعَتِيَ السِّحْرَ وَكُنْتُ آخُذُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الأجْرَ وَكَانَ مَعَاشِي وَقَدْ حَجَجْتُ مِنْهُ وَمَنَّ اللهُ عَلَيَّ بِلِقَائِكَ وَقَدْ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَهَلْ لِي فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَخْرَجٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) حُلَّ وَلا تَعْقِدْ.
7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from who has said that a Shaykh from our people of al-Kufah has said following: ‘Once ‘Isa ibn Shafaqiy visited abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam. He was a magician. People would come to him and he charged them a certain amount for wages. He said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I work as a magician and I charge a certain amount as my wages to earn for my living. From such incomes I have performed Hajj and Allah has granted me the opportunity to visit you. I have repented before Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. Is there a way out to safety for me from this?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Open it up (turn it ineffective) but do not tie down (make it effective).”’ (Fatwa best explains this hadith and the following Chapters. Please consult Fatwa.)
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: مجهول - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (9/73)