Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ صَاحِبِ اَلسَّابِرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ:» صَوْمُ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةٌ مِنَ اَللَّهِ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from a number of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, and Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, all together from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Salamah, the companion of al-Sabiri, from Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani, who said: I (narrator) heard Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, saying: “Fasting Shaban and the month of Ramadan consecutively is repentance from Allah (swt).”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَيَصِلُهُمَا وَ يَنْهَى اَلنَّاسَ أَنْ يَصِلُوهُمَا وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ» هُمَا شَهْرُ اَللَّهِ وَ هُمَا كَفَّارَةٌ لِمَا قَبْلَهُمَا وَ مَا بَعْدَهُمَا««.

Al-Husayn ibn Said, from al-Husayn ibn Ulwan, from Amr ibn Khalid, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “The Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, used to fast Shaban and the month of Ramadan and join them together, and the Prophet (saws) would forbid the people from joining them together. And the Prophet (saws) used to say: ‘They are the two months of Allah (swt), and they are an expiation for what is before them and what is after them.’”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ وَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ» هُمَا اَلشَّهْرَانِ اَللَّذَانِ قَالَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى» شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتٰابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِنَ اللهَِ« « قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ فَلاَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ »إِذَا أَفْطَرَ مِنَ اَللَّيْلِ فَهُوَ فَصْلٌ وَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ» لاَ وِصَالَ فِي صِيَامٍ« يَعْنِي لاَ يَصُومُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَوْمَيْنِ مُتَوَالِيَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِفْطَارٍ وَ قَدْ يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلْعَبْدِ أَنْ لاَ يَدَعَ اَلسَّحُورَ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Ali ibn Muhammad, from some of our companions, from Muhammad ibn Sulayman, from his father, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “What do you say regarding a man who fasts Shaban and the month of Ramadan?” Imam (a.s) said: “They are the two months about which Allah (swt), the Exalted, said: ‘Two consecutive months as repentance from Allah (swt).’” (Surah An-Nisa 4:92) He (narrator) said: “I asked, ‘Then should he not separate between them?’” Imam (a.s) said: “When he breaks his fast during the night, then that is a separation. The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family, only said, ‘There is no continuous fasting in fasting,’ meaning that a man should not fast two consecutive days without breaking the fast, and it is recommended for the servant not to leave the pre-dawn meal (al-suhur).”

وَعَنْهُ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُخَارِقٍ وَأَبِي جُنَادَةَ اَلسَّلُولِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ:» مَنْ صَامَ شَعْبَانَ كَانَ لَهُ طُهْرَةٌ مِنْ كُلِّ زَلَّةٍ وَوَصْمَةٍ وَبَادِرَةٍ« قَالَ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا اَلْوَصْمَةُ قَالَ» اَلْيَمِينُ فِي اَلْمَعْصِيَةِ وَ لاَ نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ« فَقُلْتُ مَا اَلْبَادِرَةُ فَقَالَ» اَلْيَمِينُ عِنْدَ اَلْغَضَبِ وَ اَلتَّوْبَةُ مِنْهَا عِنْدَ اَلنَّدَمِ«.

And from him, from several of our companions, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid, from Muhammad ibn Ali, from al-Husayn ibn Mukhariq and Abu Junadah al-Saluli, from Abu Hamzah, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, from his father (a.s), peace be upon him: The Messenger of Allah (swt), blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family, said: ‘Whoever fasts Shaban, it will be for him a purification from every slip (of sin), stain (wasmah), and rash utterance (badirah).’” Abu Hamzah said: “So I asked to Abu Ja’far (a.s), ‘What is the stain (wasmah)?’” Imam (a.s) said: “An oath in disobedience, and there is no vow in disobedience.” So I (narrator) asked: “What is the rash utterance (badirah)?” Imam (a.s) said: “An oath at the time of anger, and repentance from it is at the time of regret.”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ مُحَسِّنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَ سِنْدِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعِهِمْ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَوْمِ شَعْبَانَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَانَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ آبَائِكَ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ قَالَ» كَانَ خَيْرُ آبَائِي رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ أَكْثَرُ صِيَامِهِ فِي شَعْبَانَ«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal, from Muhassin ibn Ahmad, Muhammad ibn al-Walid, Amr ibn Uthman, and Sindi ibn Muhammad, all of them from Yunus ibn Yaqub, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘the fast of Shaban’, And I said to Imam (a.s): “May I be made your ransom, did any of your fathers (a.s), peace be upon them, fast the month of Shaban?” Imam (a.s) said: “The best of my fathers (ancestors), the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family, had most of his fasting in the month of Shaban.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ هَلْ صَامَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ آبَائِكَ شَعْبَانَ فَقَالَ» خَيْرُ آبَائِي رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ صَامَهُ«.

Muhammad ibn Yaqub, from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Samaah, who said: I (narrator) said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, “Did any of your fathers fast the month of Shaban?” Imam (a.s) said: “The best of my fathers (ancestors), the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family, fasted it (Shaban).”

وعنه عن ابي علي الاشعري عن محمد بن عبد الجبار ومحمد بن إسماعيل عن الفضل بن شاذان عن صفوان عن ابن مسكان عن الحلبي قال: سألت ابا عبد الله عليه السلام هل صام أحد من آبائك شعبان قط؟ فقال: صامه خير آبائي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله

And from him, from Abu Ali al-Ashari, from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar and Muhammad ibn Ismail, from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from Safwan, from Ibn Muskan, from al-Halabi, who said: I (narrator) asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “Did any of your forefathers ever fast the month of Shaban?” Imam (a.s) said: “The best of my forefathers fasted it, the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: »كُنَّ نِسَاءُ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِنَّ صِيَامٌ أَخَّرْنَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى شَعْبَانَ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يَمْنَعْنَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ حَاجَتَهُ فَإِذَا كَانَ شَعْبَانُ صُمْنَ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ يَقُولُ» شَعْبَانُ شَهْرِي««.

And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: Imam (a.s) said: “The wives of the Prophet (saws), peace and blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family, when fasting was due upon them, would delay that until the month of Shaban, out of dislike that they should prevent the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family, from his need. So when it was the month of Shaban, they (the wives) would fast, and the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings of Allah (swt) be upon him and his family, would also (fast) and say, ‘Shaban is my month.’”

فاما الاخبار التي وردت في النهي عن صوم شعبان وانه ما صامه أحد من الائمة فالمراد بها انه لم يصمه احد من الائمة ع على ان صومه يجري مجرى شهر رمضان في الفرض والوجوب لان قوما قالوا ان صومه فريضة، وكان أبو الخطاب لعنه الله واصحابه يذهبون إليه ويقولون ان من افطر يوما منه لزمه من الكفارة ما يلزم من افطر يوما من شهر رمضان، فورد عنهم ع الا نكار لذلك وانه لم يصمه احد منهم على هذا الوجه، والاخبار التي تضمنت الفصل بين شهر شعبان وشهر رمضان فالمراد بها النهي عن الوصال الذي بينا فيما مضى انه محرم، وقد دل على هذا التأويل الخبر الذي قدمناه عن محمد بن سليمان عن أبيه عن ابي عبد الله حين قال قلت له: أفلا يفصل بينهما قال: إذا أفطر من الليل فهو فصل، وانما قال رسول الله: لا وصال في صيام يعني لا يصوم الرجل يومين متواليين من غير افطار، وقد يستحب للرجل ان لا يدع السحور.

As for the reports that have come regarding the prohibition of fasting the month of Shaban, and that none of the Imams (a.s), peace be upon them, fasted it, what is meant by them is that none of the Imams (a.s), peace be upon them, fasted the month of Shaban on the basis that its fasting was like the fasting of the month of Ramadan in obligation and duty. This is because a group claimed that fasting the month of Shaban was obligatory. Abu al-Khattab, may Allah (swt) curse him, and his companions used to hold this view. They used to say that whoever breaks the fast on one day from the month of Shaban becomes liable for the same expiation that is binding upon one who breaks the fast on one day from the month of Ramadan. Therefore, the denial came from the Imams (a.s), peace be upon them, regarding this belief, and that none of them fasted the month of Shaban in this manner. As for the reports that mention separating between the month of Shaban and the month of Ramadan, what is meant by them is the prohibition of continuous fasting (wisal), which we have already explained to be forbidden. The report that we presented earlier from Muhammad ibn Sulayman, from his father, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, indicates this interpretation. He said: “I said to Imam (a.s): ‘Should he not separate between them?’” Imam (a.s) said: “If he breaks the fast at night, then that is separation. The Prophet (saws), only said: ‘There is no continuous fasting (wisal) in fasting,’ meaning that a man should not fast two consecutive days without breaking the fast.” And it is recommended for a man not to leave the pre-dawn meal (suhur).