Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

قال الشيخ رحمه الله:) وكانت الانفال لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله في حياته وهي للامام القائم مقامه عليه السلام، والانفال كل أرض فتحت من غير ان يوجف عليها بخيل ولا ركاب، والارضون الموات وتركات من لا وارث له من الاهل والقرابات، والآجام، والمفاوز، والمعادن، وقطائع الملوك(. وقد مضى شرح كل ذلك مستقصى، ويزيده بيانا ما رواه:

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy upon him, said: “The spoils belonging exclusively to the Imam (al-anfal) belonged to the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, during his (saws) lifetime, and they belong to the Imam (a.s) who stands in his place, peace be upon him. The spoils belonging exclusively to the Imam (al-anfal) are every land that was conquered without horses or riding-camels being hastened against it, the dead lands, the estates left by one who has no heir from family members and relatives, the thickets (al-ajam), the wildernesses (al-mafawiz), the mines, and the estates granted by kings (qata'i al-muluk).” The explanation of all of that has already passed in full detail, and what increases it in clarification is what was narrated (in the following hadith):

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ فَرَضَ اَللَّهُ طَاعَتَنَا لَنَا اَلْأَنْفَالُ وَلَنَا صَفْوُ اَلْأَمْوَالِ وَنَحْنُ اَلرَّاسِخُونَ فِي اَلْعِلْمِ وَ نَحْنُ اَلْمَحْسُودُونَ اَلَّذِينَ قَالَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى »أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ اَلنّٰاسَ عَلىٰ مٰا آتٰاهُمُ اللهَُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ« « .

Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Sayf ibn Umayrah, from Abu al-Sabbah, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "We (Ahlul Bayt (a.s)) are a people whose obedience Allah (swt) has made obligatory. The spoils (anfal) belong to us, and the chosen portion of the wealth belongs to us, and we (Imams (a.s)) are those firmly rooted in knowledge, and we are the envied ones about whom Allah (swt) the Exalted said, 'Or do they envy the people for what Allah (swt) has given them from His (swt) bounty?'" (Surah An-Nisa 4:54)

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا يَقُولُ اَللَّهُ» يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفٰالِ قُلِ اَلْأَنْفٰالُ لِلّٰهِ وَ اَلرَّسُولِ« قَالَ» اَلْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَ هِيَ كُلُّ أَرْضٍ جَلاَ أَهْلُهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُحْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا بِخَيْلٍ وَ لاَ رِجَالٍ وَ لاَ رِكَابٍ فَهِيَ نَفْلٌ لِلَّهِ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ«.

And from him, from Hammad, from Hariz, from Zurarah, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) said to Imam (a.s): “What does Allah (swt) say, ‘They ask you about the spoils (anfal). Say: The spoils belong to Allah (swt) and the Messenger (saws)"? (Surah Al-Anfal 8:1) Imam (a.s) said: "The spoils belong to Allah (swt) and to the blessed Messenger (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, and they are every land whose people evacuated it without horses, nor men, nor riding camels being brought against it. So it is a spoil (nafl) for Allah (swt) and for the Messenger (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family."

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلْغَنِيمَةِ قَالَ» يُخْرَجُ مِنْهَا اَلْخُمُسُ وَ يُقْسَمُ مَا بَقِيَ بَيْنَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَ وَلِيَ ذَلِكَ فَأَمَّا اَلْفَيْءُ وَ اَلْأَنْفَالُ فَهُوَ خَالِصٌ لِرَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ«.

And from him, from Muhammad ibn Salim, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding ‘war booty (spoils).’ Imam (a.s) said: "The khums is extracted from it, and what remains is divided among those who fought over it and undertook that. As for fay and the spoils (anfal), they are exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family."

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ:» إِنَّ اَلْأَنْفَالَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَرْضٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ هِرَاقَةُ دَمٍ أَوْ قَوْمٍ صُولِحُوا وَأَعْطَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَرْضٍ خَرِبَةٍ أَوْ بُطُونِ أَوْدِيَةٍ فَهَذَا كُلُّهُ مِنَ اَلْفَيْءِ وَ اَلْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَ لِلرَّسُولِ ص فَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ لِلرَّسُولِ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ يُحِبُّ«.

And from him, from Ibrahim ibn Hashim, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: He (narrator) heard Imam (a.s) saying: "Indeed, the spoils (anfal) are whatever land there was in which there was no spilling of blood, or a people who made settlement and gave with their own hands. So whatever was from ruined land, or the interiors of valleys, then all of this is from fay'. And the spoils (anfal) belong to Allah (swt) and to the Messenger (saws). So whatever belongs to Allah (swt), then it belongs to the blessed Messenger (saws); The Prophet (saws) places it wherever He (saws) desires."

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ قَالَ وَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفَالِ فَقَالَ» مَا كَانَ مِنَ اَلْأَرَضِينَ بَادَ أَهْلُهَا وَ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ اَلْأَنْفَالُ هُوَ لَنَا« وَ قَالَ »سُورَةُ اَلْأَنْفَالِ فِيهَا جَدْعُ اَلْأَنْفِ « وَ قَالَ » »مٰا أَفٰاءَ اللهَُ عَلىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمٰا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَ لاٰ رِكٰابٍ وَ لٰكِنَّ اللهََ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلىٰ مَنْ يَشٰاءُ « « وَ قَالَ »اَلْفَيْءُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْوَالٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا هِرَاقَةُ دَمٍ أَوْ قَتْلٌ وَ اَلْأَنْفَالُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ«.

Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Faddal, from Muhammad ibn Ali, from Abu Jamilah, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan narrated to me, from his father, from Abu Jamilah, from Muhammad ibn Ali al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (a.s): I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘the spoils (anfal).’ Imam (a.s) said: "Whatever was from the lands whose people have perished, and in other than that, the spoils, it belongs to us (Ahlul Bayt (a.s))." And Imam (a.s) said: "Surat al-Anfal contains the cutting off of the nose." And Imam (a.s) said: "'Whatever Allah (swt) restored to His Messenger (saws) from them, you did not drive against it any horses or riding camels, but Allah (swt) gives His messengers authority over whom He (swt) wills.'" (Surah Al-Hashr 59:6) And Imam (a.s) said: "Fay' is whatever was from properties in which there was no spilling of blood or killing, and the spoils are like that; they are in its position."

سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ اَلْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفَالِ فَقَالَ» كُلُّ قَرْيَةٍ يَهْلِكُ أَهْلُهَا أَوْ يَجْلُونَ عَنْهَا فَهِيَ نَفْلٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ نِصْفُهَا يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَ اَلنَّاسِ وَ نِصْفُهَا لِرَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فَهُوَ لِلْإِمَامِ«.

Sa'd ibn Abdullah, from Abu Ja'far, from Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Barqi, from Isma'il ibn Sahl, from Hammad ibn Isa, from Hariz ibn Abdullah, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I heard Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, saying, when Imam (a.s) was asked about ‘the spoils (anfal).’ Imam (a.s) said: "Every village whose people perish or evacuate from it, then it is a spoil (nafl) for Allah (swt), Mighty and Majestic. Half of it is divided among the people, and half of it belongs to the blessed Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family. So whatever belonged to the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, then it belongs to the Imam (of Ahlul Bayt (a.s))."

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفَالِ فَقَالَ» كُلُّ أَرْضٍ خَرِبَةٍ أَوْ شَيْءٍ كَانَ لِلْمُلُوكِ فَهُوَ خَالِصٌ لِلْإِمَامِ لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ فِيهَا سَهْمٌ« وَ قَالَ »وَ مِنْهَا اَلْبَحْرَيْنُ لَمْ يُوجَفْ عَلَيْهَا بِ»خَيْلٍ وَ لاٰ رِكٰابٍ««.

And from him, from Abu Ja'far, from Uthman ibn Isa, from Sama'ah ibn Mihran, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘the spoils (anfal).’ Imam (a.s) said: "Every ruined land, or anything that belonged to the kings (al-muluk), then it is exclusively for the Imam (of the Ahlul Bayt (a.s)); the people have no share in it." And Imam (a.s) said: "And among them is Bahrain; horses and riding camels were not driven against it (for when it was conquered)."

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ لاَ وَارِثَ لَهُ وَ لاَ مَوْلَى فَقَالَ» هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةِ» يَسْئَلُونَكَ عَنِ اَلْأَنْفٰالِ««.

Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Jawhari, from Rifa'ah ibn Musa, from Aban ibn Taghlib, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: (Imam (a.s) was asked) regarding ‘a man who dies and has no heir and no client (mawla).’ Imam (a.s) said: "He is from the people mentioned of this verse: 'They ask you about the spoils (anfal).'" (Surah Al-Anfal 8:1)

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَفْوِ اَلْمَالِ قَالَ» لِلْإِمَامِ يَأْخُذُ اَلْجَارِيَةَ اَلرُّوقَةَ وَاَلْمَرْكَبَ اَلْفَارِهَ وَ اَلسَّيْفَ اَلْقَاطِعَ وَاَلدِّرْعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقْسَمَ اَلْغَنِيمَةُ فَهَذَا صَفْوُ اَلْمَالِ«.

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ahmad ibn Hilal, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Aban ibn Uthman, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) asked Imam (a.s) about ‘the chosen portion of the wealth.’ Imam (a.s) said: "It belongs to the Imam (of Ahlul Bayt (a.s)). He takes the beautiful slave-girl, the excellent mount, the cutting sword, and the armor before the booty is divided. This is the chosen portion of the wealth."

عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ عَنْ سِنْدِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلاَءٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: »اَلْفَيْءُ وَ اَلْأَنْفَالُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَرْضٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا هِرَاقَةُ اَلدِّمَاءِ وَ قَوْمٍ صُولِحُوا وَأَعْطَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَرْضٍ خَرِبَةٍ أَوْ بُطُونِ أَوْدِيَةٍ فَهُوَ كُلُّهُ مِنَ اَلْفَيْءِ فَهَذَا لِلَّهِ وَ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَآلِهِ فَمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَآلِهِ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ وَ هُوَ لِلْإِمَامِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بَعْدَ اَلرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَ قَوْلُهُ» وَ مٰا أَفٰاءَ اللهَُ عَلىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمٰا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَ لاٰ رِكٰابٍ« « قَالَ »أَ لاَ تَرَى هُوَ هَذَا وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُهُ »مٰا أَفٰاءَ اَُلله عَلىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْقُرىٰ فَهَذَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْمَغْنَمِ كَانَ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ وَلَيْسَ لَنَا فِيهِ غَيْرُ سَهْمَيْنِ سَهْمِ اَلرَّسُولِ وَ سَهْمِ اَلْقُرْبَى ثُمَّ نَحْنُ شُرَكَاءُ اَلنَّاسِ فِيمَا بَقِيَ««.

Ali ibn al-Hasan, from Sindi ibn Muhammad, from Ala, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja’far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: I (narrator) heard Imam (a.s) saying: "Fay and the spoils (anfal) are whatever land there was in which there was no spilling of blood, and a people who made settlement and gave with their own hands, and whatever was from ruined land or the interiors of valleys, then all of it is from fay. So this belongs to Allah (swt) and to His Messenger (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family. Whatever belongs to Allah (swt), then it belongs to His Messenger (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family; He (saws) places it wherever He (saws) wills. And it belongs to the Imam (a.s), peace be upon him, after the blessed Messenger (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family. And the saying of Allah (swt), 'As for the gains Allah (swt) has turned over to His Messenger (saws) from them, that you did not (even) spur on any horse or camel for such gains'" (Surah Al-Hashr 59:6) Imam (a.s) said: "Do you not see? It is this (Fay and the spoils). As for the saying of Allah (swt), ‘As for gains granted by Allah (swt) to His Messenger (saws) from the people of (other) lands,' this is in the position of war booty. (Surah Al-Hashr 59:7) My father (a.s), peace be upon him, used to say, 'That, and we have nothing in it except two shares: the share of the Messenger (saws) and the share of the near relative. Then we are partners with the people in what remains.'"

سَعْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ:» قَطَائِعُ اَلْمُلُوكِ كُلُّهَا لِلْإِمَامِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ«.

Sa'd ibn Abdullah, from Abu Ja'far, from Ali ibn al-Hakam, from Sayf ibn Umayrah, from Dawud ibn Farqad, who said: Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, said: "The land grants of the kings (qata'i al-muluk), all of them, belong to the Imam (of Ahlul Bayt (a.s)), and the people have nothing in them."

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ اَلصَّفَّارُ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ عَنِ اَلْعَبَّاسِ اَلْوَرَّاقِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَمَّاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:» إِذَا غَزَا قَوْمٌ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ اَلْإِمَامِ فَغَنِمُوا كَانَتِ اَلْغَنِيمَةُ كُلُّهَا لِلْإِمَامِ وَ إِذَا غَزَوْا بِأَمْرِ اَلْإِمَامِ فَغَنِمُوا كَانَ اَلْخُمُسُ لِلْإِمَامِ«.

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Saffar, from al-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn Bashshar, from Ya'qub, from al-Abbas al-Warraq, from a man whom he named, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: Imam (a.s) said: "If a people go on a military expedition without the permission of the Imam (of Ahlul Bayt (a.s)) and gain booty, the entire booty belongs to the Imam (of Ahlul Bayt (a.s)). And if they go on a military expedition by the command of the Imam (of Ahlul Bayt (a.s)) and gain booty, then the khums belongs to the Imam (of Ahlul Bayt (a.s))."