Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

قال الشيخ رحمه الله تعالى والمفروض من الصلاة على المسافر احدى عشر ركعة في اليوم والليلة ثم ذكر تفصيله إلى آخر الباب إذا دللنا فيما بعد على وجوب التقصير في السفر ثبت ما ذكرناه من أن الفرائض في السفر هو القدر المذكور ونحن نذكر ذلك في باب الصيام إن شاء الله تعالى والذي يدل على ذلك هاهنا

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “And the obligatory prayers upon the traveler are eleven rak‘ahs in a day and night.” Then he mentioned their details until the end of the chapter. So when we later establish the obligation of shortening the prayer during travel, it will be confirmed that what we have mentioned, that the obligatory prayers during travel are the stated amount, is correct. And we shall mention that in the chapter on fasting, if Allah (swt), the Exalted, wills. And what indicates that here is the following:

مَا رَوَاهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ وَ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ اَلسَّفَرَ مَتَى يُقَصِّرُ فَقَالَ« إِذَا تَوَارَى مِنَ اَلْبُيُوتِ» قُلْتُ اَلرَّجُلُ يُرِيدُ اَلسَّفَرَ فَيَخْرُجُ حِينَ تَزُولُ اَلشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ« إِذَا خَرَجْتَ فَصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»

Al-Husayn ibn Sa’id narrated from Safwan and Fadalah from al-’Alaʾ from Muhammad ibn Muslim. He said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s): “A man intends to travel, when should he shorten (his prayer)?” Imam (a.s) said: “When he disappears from the houses.” I asked: “A man intends to travel and departs when the sun has passed its zenith (zawal).” Imam (a.s) said: “When you depart, then pray two rak’ahs.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَدْخُلُ مَكَّةَ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ وَ قَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ اَلصَّلاَةِ قَالَ« يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ إِلَى سَفَرِهِ وَ قَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَلْيُصَلِّ أَرْبَعاً»

And from him, from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim. He said: I asked Abu Abdillah (a.s), about a man who enters Makkah from his journey and the time of prayer has already entered. Imam (a.s) said: “He should pray two rak‘ahs. And if he departs for his journey and the time of prayer has already entered, then he should pray four rak‘ahs.”

وَ رَوَى أَيْضاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ وَقْتُ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَأَنَا فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَلاَ أُصَلِّي حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ أَهْلِي قَالَ« صَلِّ وَأَتِمَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ» قُلْتُ فَدَخَلَ وَقْتُ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ أَنَا فِي أَهْلِي أُرِيدُ اَلسَّفَرَ فَلاَ أُصَلِّي حَتَّى أَخْرُجَ قَالَ« فَصَلِّ وَ قَصِّرْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَقَدْ وَ اَللَّهِ خَالَفْتَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ»

And he also narrated from Safwan and Muhammad ibn Sinan from Isma‘il ibn Jabir. He said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s): “The time of prayer enters upon me while I am on a journey, so I do not pray until I reach my family.” Imam (a.s) said: “Pray and complete the prayer.” I asked: “And if the time of prayer enters upon me while I am with my family, and I intend to travel, so I do not pray until I depart?” Imam (a.s) said: “Then pray and shorten the prayer, and if you do not, then by Allah (swt), you have opposed the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family.”

وَ رَوَى أَيْضاً عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ هُوَ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَأَخَّرَ اَلصَّلاَةَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ فَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا إِذَا قَدِمَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَنَسِيَ حِينَ قَدِمَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا حَتَّى ذَهَبَ وَقْتُهَا قَالَ« يُصَلِّيهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ صَلاَةَ اَلْمُسَافِرِ لِأَنَّ اَلْوَقْتَ دَخَلَ وَ هُوَ مُسَافِرٌ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ»

And he also narrated from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Musa ibn Bakr from Zurarah from Abu Ja’far (a.s): Imam (a.s) was asked about a man upon whom the time of prayer had entered while he was on a journey, but he delayed the prayer until he arrived (home), intending to pray it after returning to his family, but then he forgot to pray it upon arrival until its time had passed. Imam (a.s) said: “He should pray it as two rak’ahs, the prayer of a traveler, because the time entered upon him while he was traveling. It would have been proper for him to pray it at that time.”

وَ رَوَى أَيْضاً عَنِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ:« اَلصَّلاَةُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَانِ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَ لاَ بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْءٌ إِلاَّ اَلْمَغْرِبَ ثَلاَثٌ»

And he also narrated from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Abdillah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdillah (a.s). Imam (a.s) said: “The prayer during travel is two rak’ahs, there is nothing before them and nothing after them, except for Maghrib, which is three.”

وَ رَوَى أَيْضاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ تَطَوُّعاً فِي اَلسَّفَرِ قَالَ« لاَ تُصَلِّ قَبْلَ اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ وَ لاَ بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْئاً نَهَاراً»

And he also narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-’Alaʾ from Muhammad ibn Muslim from one of the two Imams, peace be upon them. He said: I asked Him (a.s) about supererogatory prayer during travel. Imam (a.s) said: “Do not pray anything before the two rak’ahs (of an obligatory prayer), nor after them, during the day.”

وَ رَوَى عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ صَلَّيْتُ اَلظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ أَنَا فِي اَلسَّفَرِ قَالَ« أَعِدْ»

And he narrated from Fadalah from Hammad ibn Uthman from ‘Ubayd Allah al-Halabi. He said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s): “I prayed Dhuhr as four rak’ahs while I was on a journey.” Imam (a.s) said: “Repeat it (the prayer).”

وَ رَوَى عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ: «اَلصَّلاَةُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَانِ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَ لاَ بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْءٌ»

And he narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya from Hudhayfah ibn Mansur from Abu Ja’far (a.s) and Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon them both: The Imams (a.s) said: “The prayer during travel is two rak’ahs, there is nothing before them and nothing after them.”

هذه الاخبار كلها دالة على تفصيل ما ذكره في الكتاب وأنا بمشية الله استوفي الكلام على وجوب التقصير فيما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى

All of these narrations indicate the detailed explanation of what was mentioned in the book. And, if Allah (swt) wills, I shall, with His (swt) permission, complete the discussion on the obligation of shortening the prayer (during travel) later, Allah (swt) willing.