Faḍāʾil al-Ashhur al-Thalātha

حدثنا أحمد بن الحسن القطّان، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن السعيد الهمداني مولى بني هاشم، عن جابر بن يزيد، عن أبي الزبير المكّي، عن جابر بن عبد الله الأنصاري، قال: دخلت على رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) في آخر جمعة من شهر رمضان، فلما بصر بي قال لي: يا جابر هذا آخر جمعة من شهر رمضان فودعه وقل: « اللهم لا تجعله آخر العهد من صيامنا إياه فإن جعلته فاجعلني مرحوماً ولا تجعلني محروماً » فإنه من قال ذلك ظفر بإحدى الحسنيين، إما ببلوغ شهر رمضان وإما بغفران الله ورحمته. ثم قال (عليه السلام): إن الله تبارك وتعالى لن يفرض من صيام شهر رمضان فيما مضى إلا على الأنبياء دون أممهم، وإنما فرض عليكم ما فرض على أنبيائه ورسله قبلي إكراماً وتفضيلاً، والذي بعثني بالحق ما أعطى الله نبيا من أنبيائه فضيلة إلا أعطانيها، ولقد أعطاني ما لم يعطهم وفضلني على كافتهم، وأنا سيدهم وخيرهم وأفضلهم ولا فخر.

Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan al-Qaṭṭān narrated to us, saying that Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Saʿīd al-Hamadānī—the client of Banī Hāshim—narrated to him among others, from Jābir b. Yazīd, from Abī’l-Zubayr al-Makkī, from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī, who narrates: “I entered upon the Messenger of Allāh (sws) on the last Friday of the month of Ramaḍān. When he noticed me, he said to me: “O’ Jābir! This is the last Friday of the month of Ramaḍān. Farewell it by saying thus—O’ Allāh, do not let this alone be the last fulfillment of our covenant with You, for if You make it so, then make me liable for mercy and not deprived of it—for whoever says that, then he has triumphed through one of two great ways—either he makes it to the next month of Ramaḍān, or he attains the supreme forgiveness of Allāh and His mercy.” Then he (as) said: “Verily, Allāh (twt) has not made fasting in the month of Ramaḍān a duty on any past peoples except for the Prophets—to the exclusion of their respective communities—and what was made a duty upon the Prophets and Messengers before me has only been made a duty upon you people as an act of honor and esteem. By He Who sent me forth with the Truth, Allāh did not grant anyone of the Prophets a virtue but that He granted it to me, too, while I have been given that which has not been given to them. And I have been favored over them sufficiently, and I am their master, the fairest among them, and their most virtuous one—and I do not say that with (unjustified) pride.”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: أخبرنا مكّي بن عبدان، قال: حدثنا محمد بن حمويه الأسفزاري، قال: حدثنا مسلم بن إبراهيم، قال: حدثنا عمرو بن حرة العبيني، قال: حدثنا خلف بن الربيع، عن أنس بن مالك، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): لما أحضر شهر رمضان سبحان الله ماذا يستقبلكم وماذا تستقبلون؟ قالها ثلاثاً، فقال عمر بن الخطّاب: يا رسول الله أوحي نزل أو عدو حضر؟ قال: لا ولكن الله عز وجل يغفر في أول ليلة من رمضان لكل أهل هذه القبلة، قال: وفي ناحية القوم رجل يهز رأسه ويقول: بخ بخ، فقال له النبي (صلى الله عليه وآله): ضاق صدرك بما سمعت؟ قال: لا والله يا رسول الله ولكن ذكرت المنافقين، فقال النبي (صلى الله عليه وآله): إن المنافق وليس لكافر فيها شئ.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Makkī b. ʿAbdān informed him among others, saying that Muḥammad b. Ḥamūwayh al-Asfazārī narrated to him among others, saying that Muslim b. Ibrāhīm narrated to him among others, saying that ʿAmrū b. Ḥurra al-ʿUbaynī narrated to him among others, saying that Khalaf b. al-Rabīʿ narrated to him among others, from Anas b. Mālik, who narrates: “The Messenger of Allāh (sawa) said: “When the month of Ramaḍān comes—glory be to Allāh!—what is coming to meet you, and what are you going to meet?” He said this thrice. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb responded: “O’ Messenger of Allāh, has a revelation been made, or is there an enemy present?,” so he replied: “No. Rather, Allāh (azwj) forgives—on the first night of Ramaḍān—all of the people of this Qibla.” Anas b. Mālik continued narrating: “At the end of the throng of people, there was a man who kept shaking his head and saying: “Bakh! Bakh!,” [1] so the Holy Prophet (sawa) said to him: “Has what you heard constricted your chest?,” but the man replied: “No, o’ Messenger of Allāh, but I recalled the hypocrites!” The Holy Prophet (sawa) stated: “Indeed, for the hypocrite—but not for the disbeliever—is a share in this (aforementioned forgiveness).”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: أخبرنا حامد بن محمد الرقا الهروي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن يونس، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن رجا، قال: حدثنا حريز بن أيّوب البجلي، عن الشعبي، عن نافع بن برده، عن ابن مسعود أنه سمع رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) يقول: وقد أهل رمضان لو يعلم العباد ما في رمضان لتمنت أن يكون رمضان سنة، فقال رجل من خزاعة: حدثنا عنه يا رسول الله! قال: إن الجنة تزين من رأس الحول إلى الحول حتى إذا كان أول يوم من شهر رمضان هبت ريح من تحت العرش فصفقت ورق الجنة فينظر حور العين إلى ذلك فيقلن: يا رب اجعل لنا من لدنك عبادك في هذا الشهر أزواجاً تقر أعيننا وتقر أعينهم بنا! فما من عبد يصوم شهر رمضان إلا زوج زوجة من الحور العين في خيمة من در مجوف مما نعت الله عز وجل: ﴿حُورٌۭ مَّقْصُورَٰتٌۭ فِى ٱلْخِيَامِ﴾، على كل امرأة منهن سبعون حلة ليس منها حلة على لون الأخرى وسبعون لوناً من الطيب ليس فيها لون على ريح الآخر لكل امرأة منهن سبعين سريراً من ياقوتة حمراء منسوجة بالدر على كل سرير سبعون فراشاً بطائنها من إستبرق فوق السبعين سبعون أريكة لكل امرأة سبعون الف وصيف وسبعون الف وصيفة مع كل وصيف صحفة من ذهب فيها لون من الطعام يجد الآخر لقمة منها لذة لا يجد لأولها ويعطى زوجها مثل ذلك على سرير من ياقوت أحمر عليه سوار من ذهب منسوج بياقوت أحمر، هذا لكل يوم صام من رمضان سوى ما عمل من الحسنات.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Ḥāmid b. Muḥammad al-Raqā al-Harawī informed him among others, saying that Muḥammad b. Yūnus narrated to him among others, saying that ʿAbd Allāh b. Rajā narrated to him among others, saying that Ḥarīz b. Ayyūb al-Bajalī narrated to him among others, from al-Shaʿbī, from Nāfiʿ b. Bardah, from Ibn Masʿūd, who reports that he heard the Messenger of Allāh (sws) say: “When the month of Ramaḍān arrives, the servants (of Allāh) would wish that it had lasted a whole year, if only they knew what is in Ramaḍān.” So a man—from Khuzāʿa—said: “Narrate to us regarding it, o’ Messenger of Allāh!,” so the Prophet continued: “Verily, Paradise is ornamented from the start of each year to the next until, when it is the first day of the month of Ramaḍān, a wind blows from beneath the Throne, rustling the leaves of Paradise. The celestial maidens (ḥūr al-ʿayn) will see that and say: “O’ Lord! Give to us husbands from among Your servants—in this month—so that they may bless our eyes and we theirs!” There is not a servant who fasts in the month of Ramaḍān but that he will be married to one of the celestial maidens in a pavilion of hollow pearl—as described by Allāh (azwj): ﴾Fair ones reserved in pavilions﴿ [55:72]—and every woman from among them will be dressed in seventy bolts of cloth, none of which resemble others in colour, and seventy hues of perfume, none of which resemble the others in scent. Every woman from among them owns seventy beds of red ruby, woven with pearls, and each bed has seventy mattresses with linings of brocade, and set upon every seventy mattresses are seventy couches. Every woman has seventy thousand male and seventy thousand female servants, each holding a golden platter of various kinds of food—wherein deliciousness is found in a morsel of the last kind that is not found in the first—and her husband will be granted something like that. He will be seated on a bed of red ruby, upon which is a couch of gold woven with red rubies. This is for every day of Ramaḍān spent fasting, besides that which is gained for other good deeds done therein.”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: أخبرنا مكّي بن عبدان، قال: حدثنا منصور، قال: حدثنا عبد العزيز، عن أبي سهل نافع بن مالك، عن أبيه، عن أبي جعفر، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): إذا استهل شهر رمضان غلقت أبواب النار وفتحت له أبواب الجنة وصفدت الشياطين.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Makkī b. ʿAbdān informed him among others, saying that Manṣūr narrated to him among others, saying that ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz narrated to him among others, from Abī Sahl Nāfiʿ b. Mālik, from his father, from Abī Jaʿfar, who reports that the Messenger of Allāh (sawa) said: “When the month of Ramaḍān appears, the gates of Perdition are shut, the gates of Paradise are opened, and the devils are enfettered.”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: أخبرنا مكّي بن عبدان، قال: حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن كثير، قال: أخبرنا ابن جريح، قال: أخبرني ابن شهاب، قال: أخبرني ابن أبي أنيس [أمين]، عن أبيه أنه سمع أبا هريرة يقول: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): إذا دخل شهر رمضان فتحت أبواب الرحمة وغلقت أبواب جهنم وسلسلت الشياطين.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Makkī b. ʿAbdān informed him among others, saying that ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Kathīr narrated to him, saying that Ibn Jurayj informed him among others, saying that Ibn Shihāb informed him, saying that Ibn Abī Anīs [or Amīn] informed him, from his father, that he heard Abā Hurayra say: “The Messenger of Allāh (sawa) said: “When the month of Ramaḍān comes, the gates of mercy are opened and those of Hell are shut, and the devils are manacled.”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: أخبرنا محمد بن الحسين الزعفراني بواسط، قال: حدثنا إسماعيل بن محمد، قال: حدثني ابن إبراهيم، قال: أخبرنا هشام، عن يحيى، بن كثير، عن أبي سلمة، عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) قال: من صام رمضان إيماناً وإحتساباً غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Zaʿfarānī informed him among others—in Wāsiṭ (in Iraq)—saying that Ismāʿīl b. Muḥammad narrated to him among others, saying that Ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to him, saying that Hishām informed him among others, from Yaḥyā b. Kathīr, from Abī Salama, from Abī Hurayra, that the Messenger of Allāh (sws) said: “Whoever fasts in the month of Ramaḍān, having faith and seeking its reward, will have forgiveness for whatever has already preceded of his sins.”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: حدثنا الحسن بن يعقوب، قال: حدثنا نجيب بن أبي طالب، قال: أخبرنا عبد الوهاب بن عطا، قال: حدثنا محمد بن عمر، عن أبي سلمة، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم): من صام رمضان إيماناً وإحتساباً غفر الله ما مضى من ذنوبه.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that al-Ḥasan b. Yaʿqūb narrated to him among others, saying that Najīb b. Abī Ṭālib narrated to him among others, saying that ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. ʿAṭā informed him among others, saying that Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated to him among others, from Abī Salama, from Abī Hurayra, who narrates that the Messenger of Allāh (sws) has said: “Whoever fasts in the month of Ramaḍān, having faith and seeking its reward, will have forgiveness from Allāh for whatever has already occurred of his sins.”

قال: حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: حدثنا مكّي بن عبدان، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن هاشم، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن نمير، عن الأعمش، عن أبي صالح، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): حسنة يعملها ابن آدم تضاعف عشر إلى سبعمائة ضعف يقول الله عز وجل: إلا الصيام هو لي وأنا أجزى به بترك شهوته من أجلي، فرحتان للصائم فرحة عند فطره وفرحة يوم يلقى ربه وخلوف فم الصائم أطيب عند الله من ريح المسك، الصوم جنة.

It was said (by Shaykh al-Ṣadūq) that Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Makkī b. ʿAbdān narrated to him among others, saying that ʿAbd Allāh b. Hāshim narrated to him among others, saying that ʿAbd Allāh b. Numayr narrated to him among others, from al-Aʿmash, from Abī Ṣāliḥ, from Abī Hurayra, who narrates that the Messenger of Allāh (sawa) has said: “A good deed performed by a son of Ādam is multiplied in value from ten to seven hundred times. Allāh (azwj) says: “Fasting is but for Me, and I will reward him for it, for he abandons his desires due to My splendour.” There are two joys for the fasting person—one joy is for when he breaks his fast, and the other on the Day he meets his Lord—and the odour emanating from the mouth of the fasting person is naturally sweeter in the view of Allāh than the scent of musk, and fasting is a shield (from Perdition).”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: أخبرنا حامد بن محمد، قال: حدثنا أبو مسلم، قال: حدثنا أبو عاصم، عن الحجّاج وهو ابن أبي عثمان، عن الحسين عن محمد بن علي، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): ثلاث دعوات مستجابات: دعوة الصائم، ودعوة المسافر، ودعوة المظلوم.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Ḥāmid b. Muḥammad informed him among others, saying that Abū Muslim narrated to him among others, saying that Abū ʿĀṣim narrated to him among others, from al-Ḥajjāj—and he is Ibn Abī ʿUthmān—from al-Ḥusayn, from Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, from Abī Hurayra, who reports that the Messenger of Allāh (sawa) said: “Three supplications are certainly answered—the supplication of the fasting person, the supplication of the traveller, and the supplication of the oppressed.”

حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن حامد، قال: أخبرنا إبراهيم بن محمد بن عبد الله، قال: حدثنا حامد بن شعيب البلخي، قال: حدثنا يحيى بن أيّوب العابد، قال: حدثنا إسماعيل بن جعفر، عن عمرو بن أبي عمرو المطّلب، عن أبي سعيد بن سعيد المقري، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله): رب صائم حظه من صيامه الجوع، ورب قائم حظه من قيامه السهر.

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥāmid narrated to us, saying that Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh informed him among others, saying that Ḥāmid b. Shuʿayb al-Balkhī narrated to him among others, saying that Yaḥyā b. Ayyūb al-ʿĀbid narrated to him among others, saying that Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar narrated to him among others, from ʿAmrū b. Abī ʿAmrū al-Muṭṭalib, from Abī Saʿīd b. Saʿīd al-Muqārrī, from Abī Hurayra, who reports that the Messenger of Allāh (sawa) said: “Many a fasting person’s only gain from his fasting is hunger, and many a praying person’s only gain from his praying (supererogatory prayers at nighttime) is sleeplessness.”