Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَأَوْصَى أَنْ يُحَجَّ عَنْهُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ صَرُورَةً فَمِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ إِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ الْوَاجِبِ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ حَجَّ فَمِنْ ثُلُثِهِ وَمَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الإِسْلامِ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ إِلاَّ قَدْرَ نَفَقَةِ الْحَمُولَةِ وَلَهُ وَرَثَةٌ فَهُمْ أَحَقُّ بِمَا تَرَكَ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَكَلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَحَجُّوا عَنْهُ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “If a man in his will says to perform al-Hajj on his behalf, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If it is his first al-Hajj, it is performed from his entire legacy. It is like debts, but if it is other than his first al-Hajj, then it is performed from one-third of his legacy. If one dies without performing Hajjahta al-Islam, whose legacy is just enough for transportation, and leaves behind heirs, then they are more rightful to have his legacy. If they like they can use it, or if they like they can perform al-Hajj on his behalf.’” 

2ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي خَلَفٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الصَّرُورَةِ يَحُجُّ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الصَّرُورَةُ مَا يَحُجُّ بِهِ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَا يَحُجُّ بِهِ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ فَلَيْسَ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى يَحُجَّ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَهِيَ تُجْزِئُ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ إِنْ كَانَ لِلصَّرُورَةِ مَالٌ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Sa‘d ibn abu Khalaf who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), about a man who has not performed any al-Hajj, performs al-Hajj on behalf of a deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so if he does not find any means to perform al-Hajj for himself. However, if he has enough to perform al-Hajj for himself, then it is not enough until he performs al-Hajj from his own assets. It (al-Hajj that he has performed) is sufficient for the deceased regardless of whether al-Sarura (one who performs al-Hajj for the first time) has any asset or not.’” 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي رَجُلٍ صَرُورَةٍ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الإِسْلامِ وَلَهُ مَالٌ قَالَ يَحُجُّ عَنْهُ صَرُورَةٌ لا مَالَ لَهُ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “About the case of an al-Sarura (one who performs al-Hajj for the first time) who dies without performing Hajjahta al-Islam and has an asset, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘An al- Sarura (one who performs al-Hajj for the first time) who does not have any asset performs al-Hajj on his behalf.’” 

4ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَيُوصِي بِحَجَّةٍ فَيُعْطَى رَجُلٌ دَرَاهِمَ يَحُجُّ بِهَا عَنْهُ فَيَمُوتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحُجَّ ثُمَّ أُعْطِيَ الدَّرَاهِمَ غَيْرُهُ قَالَ إِنْ مَاتَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ مَنَاسِكَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُجْزِئُ عَنِ الأَوَّلِ قُلْتُ فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِشَيْ‏ءٍ يُفْسِدُ عَلَيْهِ حَجَّهُ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَجُّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ أَ يُجْزِئُ عَنِ الأَوَّلِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ لأَنَّ الأَجِيرَ ضَامِنٌ لِلْحَجِّ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who dies and says in his will to perform al-Hajj on his behalf, and a man is given expenses of al-Hajj to perform al-Hajj on behalf of the deceased but he also dies before performing al-Hajj, then dirhams are given to someone else. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he dies on the way or in Makkah before completing the acts of al-Hajj, it is sufficient for the first deceased.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he (one hired to perform al-Hajj) is involved in something that invalidates his al-Hajj which requires him to perform al-Hajj in future, is it sufficient for the first deceased?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is sufficient.’ I then asked, ‘Is it because a person on hire is responsible for al-Hajj?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, that is correct.’” 

5ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْطَى رَجُلاً مَا يَحُجُّهُ فَحَدَثَ بِالرَّجُلِ حَدَثٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ خَرَجَ فَأَصَابَهُ فِي بَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنِ الأَوَّلِ وَإِلاَّ فَلا.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Al-Husayn ibn ‘Uthman from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “About a man who pays another man to perform al-Hajj but something happens to him, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If he (the second man) goes for al-Hajj and something happens somewhere on the way, it is sufficient for the first one.’” 

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سُوَيْدٍ الْقَلاَّءِ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَوْدَعَنِي مَالاً فَهَلَكَ وَلَيْسَ لِوُلْدِهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ وَلَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الإِسْلامِ قَالَ حُجَّ عَنْهُ وَمَا فَضَلَ فَأَعْطِهِمْ. 

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Suwayd al-Qala’ from Ayyub from Burayd al- ‘ Ij liy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who left a certain amount in deposit with me and he died. His sons do not have anything and he had not performed Hajjahta al-Islam. He (the Imam) said, ‘Perform al-Hajj on his behalf and whatever is left, give it to his heirs.”’ 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 59