Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains 111 for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَقُولُ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مَكَّةُ حَرَمُ الله وَالْمَدِينَةُ حَرَمُ رَسُولِ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَالْكُوفَةُ حَرَمِي لا يُرِيدُهَا جَبَّارٌ بِحَادِثَةٍ إِلاَّ قَصَمَهُ الله.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Hassan ibn Mehran who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ’’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘Makkah is the sacred place of Allah and al-Madinah is the sacred place of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. Al-Kufah is my sacred place. Whoever of the tyrants may want to have it through eventful ways, Allah will crush his backbones.’ ” 

2ـ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ نَعَمْ حَرَّمَ بَرِيداً فِي بَرِيدٍ غَضَاها قَالَ قُلْتُ صَيْدَهَا قَالَ لا يَكْذِبُ النَّاسُ.

2. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban from abu al-‘Abbas who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ’Is al-Madinah the sacred place of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause?’ He (the Imam) replied, ’Yes, he made it a one square Barid (a certain area of land) with its trees an area of sacred status.’ I (the narrator) then asked, ’What about hunting in such area?’ He (the Imam) replied, ’People’s words are not rejected.’” (Please consult Fatwa for this Hadith) 

3ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّيْقَلِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) كُنْتُ عِنْدَ زِيَادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله وَعِنْدَهُ رَبِيعَةُ الرَّأْيِ فَقَالَ زِيَادٌ مَا الَّذِي حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَرِيدٌ فِي بَرِيدٍ فَقَالَ لِرَبِيعَةَ وَكَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَمْيَالٌ فَسَكَتَ وَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ زِيَادٌ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الله مَا تَقُولُ أَنْتَ فَقُلْتُ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَا بَيْنَ لابَتَيْهَا قَالَ وَمَا بَيْنَ لابَتَيْهَا قُلْتُ مَا أَحَاطَتْ بِهِ الْحِرَارُ قَالَ وَمَا حَرَّمَ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ قُلْتُ مِنْ عَيْرٍ إِلَى وُعَيْرٍ قَالَ صَفْوَانُ قَالَ ابْنُ مُسْكَانَ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ فَسَأَلَهُ إِنْسَانٌ وَأَنَا جَالِسٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ وَمَا بَيْنَ لابَتَيْهَا فَقَالَ مَا بَيْنَ الصَّوْرَيْنِ إِلَى الثَّنِيَّةِ.

3. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ibn Muskan from al-Hassan al- Sayqal who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Once I was in the meeting of Ziyad ibn ‘Abd Allah and Rabi’ah al-Ra’iy was also there. Ziyad said, ‘What is the area which the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has made a place of sacred status in al-Madinah?’ He replied, ‘It is one square Barid.’ He then said to Rabi’ah, ‘During the time of the Messenger of Allah it was many miles.’ He then remained quiet and did not answer him. Ziyad then turned to me and asked, ‘O abu ‘Abd Allah, what do you say?’ I replied, ‘The sacred area of the Messenger of Allah is the area between the two Labit of al-Madinah.’ He then asked, ‘What is al-Labit?’ I replied, ‘It is the area surrounded by al-Hirar (hills).’ He asked, ‘What of amount of trees has he made sacred?’ I said, ‘From this mountain to that mountain.’” “Safwan has said that ibn Muskan has said that al-Hassan has said, ‘A man then asked him, when I was present, ‘Is it what is between the two hills?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is the area between the two boundaries up to al-Thaniyah (name of a place).”’ 

4ـ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ حَدُّ مَا حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ ذُبَابٍ إِلَى وَاقِمٍ وَالْعُرَيْضِ وَالنَّقْبِ مِنْ قِبَلِ مَكَّةَ.

4. In the narration of ibn Muskan from abu Basir from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), this is stated. ‘The boundaries of the sacred place of the Messenger of Allah , O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, extends in al-Madinah from Dhubab to Waqim and from al-‘Urayd and al-Naqb from the side of Makkah.’” H 8100, Ch. 11, h 5 

5ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَمُ الله حَرَّمَهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) وَإِنَّ الْمَدِينَةَ حَرَمِي مَا بَيْنَ لابَتَيْهَا حَرَمٌ لا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهَا وَهُوَ مَا بَيْنَ ظِلِّ عَائِرٍ إِلَى ظِلِّ وُعَيْرٍ وَلَيْسَ صَيْدُهَا كَصَيْدِ مَكَّةَ يُؤْكَلُ هَذَا وَلا يُؤْكَلُ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ بَرِيدٌ.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Isma‘il from af-Fadf ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “Whoever causes a Hadath in al-Madinah or gives protection to one who causes a Hadath therein is condemned by Allah.’ I then asked, ‘What is a Hadath?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is murder.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 223