Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ قَوْلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَاذْكُرُوا الله فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُوداتٍ قَالَ التَّكْبِيرُ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ مِنْ صَلاةِ الظُّهْرِ مِنْ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ إِلَى صَلاةِ الْفَجْرِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ وَفِي الأَمْصَارِ عَشْرَ صَلَوَاتٍ فَإِذَا نَفَرَ بَعْدَ الأُولَى أَمْسَكَ أَهْلُ الأَمْصَارِ وَمَنْ أَقَامَ بِمِنًى فَصَلَّى بِهَا الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ فَلْيُكَبِّرْ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘Speak of Allah during the well identified days.’ (2:203) He (the Imam) said, ‘Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) during the bright days should be commenced at noontime on the tenth of Dhu al-Hajjah up to the morning of the 13th of Dhu al-Hajjah. In the cities however, it is during the ten salawat (prayers). As soon as people begin to leave Mina, people of the cities discontinue Takbirat (Allah is great beyond description); however, people who still remain in Mina’ must say Zuhr and al-‘Asr salat (prayer) and al-Takbirat (Allah is great beyond description) there.”’ 

2ـ حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الله عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) التَّكْبِيرُ فِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ فِي دُبُرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ فَقَالَ التَّكْبِيرُ بِمِنًى فِي دُبُرِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَلاةً وَفِي سَائِرِ الأَمْصَارِ فِي دُبُرِ عَشْرِ صَلَوَاتٍ وَأَوَّلُ التَّكْبِيرِ فِي دُبُرِ صَلاةِ الظُّهْرِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ يَقُولُ فِيهِ الله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ لا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله وَالله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ وَلله الْحَمْدُ الله أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا الله أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَنَا مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الأَنْعَامِ وَإِنَّمَا جُعِلَ فِي سَائِرِ الأَمْصَارِ فِي دُبُرِ عَشْرِ صَلَوَاتٍ لأَنَّهُ إِذَا نَفَرَ النَّاسُ فِي النَّفْرِ الأَوَّلِ أَمْسَكَ أَهْلُ الأَمْصَارِ عَنِ التَّكْبِيرِ وَكَبَّرَ أَهْلُ مِنًى مَا دَامُوا بِمِنًى إِلَى النَّفْرِ الأَخِيرِ.

2. Hammad ibn ‘Isa has narrated from Hariz ibn ‘Abd Allah from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) in the days of Tashriq after Salat (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) in Mina’ is after fifteen Salawat (prayers). In other cities it is after ten Salawat (prayers). The first Takbir is after Salat (prayer) of al-Zuhr on the day of al-Nahr (slaughtering the offering, 10th of Dhu al-Hajjah) in which one says, ‘Allah is great beyond description, Allah is great beyond description. No one deserves worship except Allah. Allah is great beyond description. Allah is great beyond description. All praise belongs to Allah. Allah is great beyond description. Allah is great beyond description as He has given us the cattle.’ In other cities it is after ten because in the cities when people leave with the first departure, people of the cities stop saying Takbir (Allah is great beyond description); but people in Mina’ continue saying Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) up till the last person’s departure.’” (Fatwa best explains Hadith 2 of this Chapter) 

3ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي قَوْلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَاذْكُرُوا الله فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْدُوداتٍ قَالَ هِيَ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ كَانُوا إِذَا أَقَامُوا بِمِنًى بَعْدَ النَّحْرِ تَفَاخَرُوا فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْهُمْ كَانَ أَبِي يَفْعَلُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ الله جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فَإِذا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا الله كَذِكْرِكُمْ آباءَكُمْ أَوْ أَشَدَّ ذِكْراً قَالَ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ الله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ لا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله وَالله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ وَلله الْحَمْدُ الله أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا الله أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَنَا مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الأَنْعَامِ.

3. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘Speak of Allah during the well identified days’ (2:203) has said, ‘Such days are the bright days, 11, 12 and 13 of Dhu al-Hajjah. The Arabs would stay in Mina’ after the tenth of Dhu al-Hajjah and speak of their superiority over the others. A man among them would say, ‘My father did such and such things.’ Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, then said, ‘When you leave ‘Arafat, speak of Allah just as you speak of your fathers or even more intensely.’ (2:198-200) He (the Imam) then said, ‘Takbirat are as follows. ‘Allahu Akbar (Allah is great beyond description), Allahu Akbar (Allah is great beyond description). No one deserves worship except Allah, Allahu Akbar (Allah is great beyond description), Allahu Akbar (Allah is great beyond description). All praise belongs to Allah, Allahu Akbar (Allah is great beyond description), for His granting us guidance, Allahu Akbar (Allah is great beyond description) for His giving us cattle.’” 

4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى وَابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ التَّكْبِيرُ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ مِنْ صَلاةِ الظُّهْرِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ إِلَى صَلاةِ الْعَصْرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ إِنْ أَنْتَ أَقَمْتَ بِمِنًى وَإِنْ أَنْتَ خَرَجْتَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ التَّكْبِيرُ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ أَنْ تَقُولَ الله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ لا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله وَالله أَكْبَرُ الله أَكْبَرُ وَلله الْحَمْدُ الله أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا هَدَانَا الله أَكْبَرُ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَنَا مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الأَنْعَامِ وَالْحَمْدُ لله عَلَى مَا أَبْلانَا.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya and Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Takbir in the days of Tashriq is from Salat (prayer) of al-Zuhr on the day of al-Nahr (slaughtering the offering, 10th of Dhu al-Hajjah) to Salat (prayer) of al-‘Asr of the last day of Tashriq, if you remain in Mina’. If you leave Mina 5 you are not obligated for anything in this matter. In Takhir say, ’Allah is great beyond description, Allah is great beyond description. No one deserves worship except Allah. Allah is great beyond description. Allah is great beyond description. All praise belongs to Allah. Allah is great beyond description. Allah is great beyond description as He has given us the cattle and all praise belongs to Allah for His testing and trials for us.’” 

5ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَةٌ مَعَ الإِمَامِ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ قَالَ يُتِمُّ صَلاتَهُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ التَّكْبِيرِ بَعْدَ كُلِّ صَلاةٍ فَقَالَ كَمْ شِئْتَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْ‏ءٌ مُوَقَّتٌ يَعْنِي فِي الْكَلامِ. 

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Safwan ibn Yahya from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about a man who misses one Rak’at Salat (prayer) with the Imam of Salat (prayer) in the days of Tashriq. He (the Imam) said, ’He completes his Salat (prayer) and then says Takhir.’ I then asked about Takhir after every Salat (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘As many times as you like. There is not anything definite in speaking of Allah.’” NOTE: Fatwa best explains Hadith 4-5 of this Chapter

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 3, Chapter 196